Survival Threats Research Articles

Human-Wildlife Conflicts in a Changing Climate Regime: A Multidimensional Perspective In Swagaswaga Game Reserve, Tanzania

This study examines the influence of climatic and non-climatic factors on human- wildlife conflicts in Swagaswaga Game Reserve, Tanzania. A mixed research design employing both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods -- including semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews -- was used. Rainfall and temperature data for the past 30 years was obtained from the Tanzania Meteorological Authority. Quantitative data was analysed using IBM SPSS (V26), in which the Chi-square test was performed to test the association between predictors and the status of human-wildlife conflicts. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the extent to which independent factors were associated with human-wildlife conflicts. Meteorological data on rainfall and temperature was analysed using Excel to perform a simple regression analysis. Qualitative data was analysed using the content analysis technique. The study revealed that both climatic and non-climatic factors influenced conflicts. As temperature increased significantly, evapotranspiration and scarcity of resources also increased, leading to a decline in crop yield, accelerated human-wildlife conflicts due to resource competition between wildlife and communities around protected areas. Rainfall distribution, onset, and cessation were unpredictable. Additionally, human-wildlife conflict is significantly associated with human population growth, while encroachment and reserve expansion influenced human-wildlife conflicts, though their impacts were not significant. Conclusively, climate change and rapid human population growth accelerated encroachment, causing wildlife survival threats and intensifying human-wildlife conflicts. The study recommends that the government should develop a comprehensive land use plan involving local communities in decision- making to adapt to the impacts of climate change on wildlife habitats and livelihoods.

Serengeti–Masai Mara ecosystem dynamics inferred from rainfall extremes

The Serengeti–Masai Mara Ecosystem (SMME) is an iconic ecological and biodiversity resource in East Africa with a spectacular great animal migration feature. Environmental shocks like droughts, floods, and land degradation threaten the SMME’s ecological functioning. However, the spatiotemporal ecosystem dynamics during climate extremes are inadequately examined. Here we quantified water availability and vegetation changes during extreme wet (EWE) and dry (EDE) events over the SMME for wet and dry seasons in 1982–2020. We derived extreme events from seasonal mean precipitation anomaly exceeding standard deviation and applied composite and correlation techniques to assess their dynamics with animal populations and migration prospects. Wet season EWE increases vegetative and moist conditions over southern SMME, suggesting elongating migrants’ occupancy compared to normal periods and delayed northward migration. Wet season EDE significantly suppresses these features, heightening ecosystem competition and survival threats, proposing an earlier northward migration. Dry season EWE increases vegetation and water availability over northern SMME, prompting the late southward migration. Dry season EDE significantly reduces vegetation and water availability over northern SMME, suggesting an early southward migration towards regions with more vegetation and increased water availability. The SMME also experiences multiple EDE occurring in consecutive seasons, prolonging dry conditions that aggregate wildlife survival threats. Notably, two EDE prevailed consecutively from the 1993 dry season to the 1994 wet season, coupled with a population decline of wildebeest (1.2–0.9 million), buffalo (40–20 thousand), and lion (1.3–0.9 thousand). We also note a reversal from more EDE to EWE during the study period. Prevalent EWE can lessen wet and vegetative conditions distribution gradient, which is imperative for the functioning of the SMME migratory ecosystem. Our study unveiled hotspot areas of extremes-driven ecosystem changes for the sustainable SMME migratory functioning essential for framing meaningful conservation management policies under climate change.

Physiological strategies in wild rodents: immune defenses of commensal rats.

The importance of issues associated with urban/commensal rats and mice (property damage, management costs, and health risks) press upon research on these animals. While the demography of commensal rodents is mostly studied, the need for understanding factors influencing their natural morbidity/mortality is also stressed. In this respect, more attention is expected to be paid to immunity, the physiological mechanism of defense against host survival threats (pathogens, parasites, diseases). Commensal rats and mice carry numerous pathogens that evoke diverse immune responses. The state of immunity in commensal house mice is studied in great detail, owing to the use of laboratory strains in biomedical research. Because commensal rats are, compared to mice, carriers of more zoonotic agents, rats' immunity is studied mainly in that context. Some of these zoonotic agents cause chronic, asymptomatic infections, which justified studies of immunological mechanisms of pathogen tolerance versus clearance regulation in rats. Occurrence of some infections in specific tissues/organs pressed upon analysis of local/regional immune responses and/or immunopathology. A survey of immunological activity/responses in commensal rats is given in this review, with mention of existing data in commensal mice. It should throw some light on the factors relevant to their morbidity and lifespan, supplementing the knowledge of commensal rodent ecology.

Diversity, distribution and conservation status of the world’s smallest fish, Paedocypris progenetica

Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest fish in the world and recorded as Near Threatened by the IUCN Red List due to a large population declined. This condition caused survival threats on the population of Paedocypris. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the species of Paedocypris in the selected peat swamp area based on their diversity, distribution, and conservation status. A total of 66 individuals were collected from February 2019 to September 2021 from three out of four selected sampling area, comprising of two species namely Paedocypris progenetica (TL: 6.63-12.50 mm) and Paedocypris mircromegethes (TL: 8.89-10.60 mm). The results displayed that P. progenetica was found at two sampling locations and dsitinguished the greater in local distribution (LD) which is 50% followed by P. micromgethes (25%) represented the lowest distribution. Moreover, parameter measurements (in situ) of water quality in the blackwater peat swamp revealed temperatures ranging from 23°C to 25.3°C while pH between 4.0-6.9. The population trend for Paedocypris genus is declining due to continuing loss and degradation of blackwater peat swamp habitat which is considered to be the greatest threat.

"We just don't have the space for it": Geographies of survival and spatial triage in overdose prevention sites.

This study explores the role of Overdose Prevention Sites (OPS) within the geographies of survival of vulnerably housed people who use drugs (PWUD) in Vancouver, British Columbia (BC), Canada. In BC, OPS are low-barrier spaces where people may use drugs under monitoring of trained staff. OPS have been established by people who use drugs, activists, and allied organizations as an emergency measure to prevent overdose deaths. However, OPS have other important uses for PWUD who are vulnerably housed and rely on public spaces for survival. Drawing on two years (2018-2020) of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with fifty-five people who work at and/or use OPS, we explore how OPS operators negotiated multiple and at times competing uses of service space for everyday survival. Data analysis was guided by critical urban theory to explore the place of OPS within PWUD's geographies of survival, with attention to how different uses of space were negotiated within the context of an illicit drug poisoning crisis and urban control practices that displace and exclude unhoused and vulnerably housed PWUD from the city. We find that OPS accommodated other important potential uses of space for unhoused and vulnerably housed PWUD who relied on public space for survival and were routinely displaced by revanchist urban control strategies. Low-barrier approaches and facility enhancements to OPS improved program accessibility and enabled PWUD to use the sites more broadly to meet survival needs including for mutual-aid, sheltering, and income-generation. However, these secondary uses of OPS presented multiple operational challenges as service volumes increased. We observed processes of 'spatial triage' emerge within sites to manage these challenges, which we characterise as a pragmatic set of rules, procedures, and spatial practices that constrained broader uses of OPS within PWUD's geographies of survival. While spatial triage offered a pragmatic way of prioritizing service delivery to address the most acute survival threats of overdose fatality, these practices had unintended and inequitable impacts on service access. Our findings indicate the need for complementary structural changes as part of overdose responses to reduce the need for spatial triage (i.e., safe, affordable housing and drug decriminalisation) and service innovations to mitigate potential harms (e.g., Expanded drop-in and chill spaces, temporary storage spaces for service user).

기후 위기 극복을 위한 탄소중립 인식에 관한 실증 분석

This study aims to analyze the perceptions of climate crisis risk, roles of actors, green living practices, carbon neutrality policies, and policy outcomes to set policy directions for achieving carbon neutrality to overcome the climate crisis. The main findings of this analysis are as follows. First, there are gender differences in risk perceptions between men and women regarding the likelihood of survival threats from the climate crisis. Second, there are differences in the roles of different actors in carbon neutrality policy behavior. Third, respondents are currently uncomfortable with the idea of going carbon neutral, and policy effectiveness is low. Fourth, respondents are willing to accept the inconvenience of strengthening laws and regulations to realize carbon neutrality. Fifth, the most common way to learn about pro-neutrality policies is through mass media. Sixth, purchasing recycled products and recycling consumption were the most preferred actions. Seventh, the lack of information on the scope and timing of climate change impacts was the most serious problem with the carbon neutrality policy. The most preferred policies were: recognizing the seriousness of the climate crisis and environmental education, supporting social systems, and providing incentives and points.

Risk Assessment and Adaptation to Climate Change Impacts in Mexico for Indigenous and Women

The present article<strong> </strong>studies the policy, numbers, and costs of disaster risk management (DRM) in Mexico, a country highly exposed to climate change, due to two oceans warming up. The PEISOR methodology facilitates interrelating complex interactions and pressures between the natural and the societal system (P), where dangerous effects (E) occur in extreme events, such as floods, landslides, and drought. The impacts (I) of global warming, the pressure of historical poverty, and vulnerable regions were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. These societal outcomes (SO) are aggravated by gender and ethnic discrimination. The governmental response (R) has built up an alternative health system with access to medical attention. About DRM against climate catastrophes, loss and damage (L&D) policies prioritized cash transfers to affected people. This policy increased the dependency of poor people but produced electoral benefits for the leading party. Nevertheless, this DRM limits adaptation and resilience-building among social groups living in exposed regions mainly in the South, where indigenous groups suffer from low human development index and extreme poverty. The article also compares the quantitative costs of disasters in Mexico during the last five decades. Growing L&D invoices for the government and affected people occurred predominantly during the last decade. Worsening climate conditions, combined with the COVID-19 pandemic, public insecurity, and extreme poverty, represent survival threats for exposed people, where only a local bottom-up resilience-building may create an integrated DRM. In conclusion, the reactive policy of L&D has raised the electoral support of needed people but limited adaption to deal with extremer climate impacts. The official DRM policy impacts allocated 96% of the disaster budget for reconstruction and emergency management and only 4% for prevention. Especially affected are women, girls, and indigenous people with the highest death toll. Empowering these vulnerable groups would create greater resilience, where training in care economy, and environmental restoration could reduce the risks. The lack of adaptation also created a dependency on foreign countries for climate advice, hurricane tracking, early warnings, and disaster recovery, where affected people are trapped in poverty and often forced to migrate.

Reflection of Immigration, Alienation, and Identity Crisis in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss: A Saga of “Middle of Nowhere”

The Inheritance of Loss, written by Kiran Desai, won the 2006 Man Booker Prize. The book thoroughly explains the modern problems brought on by globalisation and technological advancement, followed by the escalating perceptions of economic disparities, diversity, fanaticism, and rationalism as the main contemporary survival threats. Kiran Desai has accurately captured the state of homelessness, alienation, estrangement, marginalisation, and lack of belongingness that immigrants face in both foreign countries as well as in their own countries in the name of class-culture disparities. The novel tells the story of people from various backgrounds battling social norms while being stigmatised by their caste, class, culture, and country. It depicts post-globalization effects, which have ironically had a greater impact on the segment of society known as the middle class, further divided into the higher middle class and lower middle class, despite having made notable changes in the world spectrum in various aspects. The novelist has amazingly succeeded in portraying the negative aspects of the ongoing changes occurring on all levels, regardless of geographic borders, in the technical, economic, social, cultural, and ethical spheres.
 New York city, one of the two major locations of the plot, happens to be home to a large population of legal and unauthorised immigrants from various ‘Third World Nations’, and the other is Kalimpong, a small Indian town at the base of Mount Kanchenjunga in the north-eastern Himalayas, which is shown to be experiencing political unrest in the middle of the 1980s following the launch of the liberation movement by the Indian Nepalese. Kiran Desai has effectively depicted the effects of the Gorkha movement of the time, linking it to the main plot. The purpose of this paper is to study the novel's extensive treatment of the themes of home, homeland, alienation, immigration, identity crisis, and above all, the pain of isolation in the shadow of belongingness.

Self-reference processing of fat-face and sick-face in individuals with different disgust sensitivity: Evidence from behavioral and neuroelectrophysiology

Self-reference effect has been widely discussed. Previous scholars believed that self-related information can be processed faster is due to the positive attribute of self-concept which speeds up self-related information processing. When self-related information is given negative attributes, the self-reference effect will be weakened. In this study, fat and sick, two kinds of stimuli associated with disgust characteristics, were added to self- and other-faces. We found that disease stimuli, which are closely related to survival threats, eliminated the self-reference effect while the obesity stimuli only weakened the self-reference effect to a certain extent. Event-related potential (ERP) analysis demonstrated that sick-faces have a greater amplitude than standard-faces in the EPN and LPP components. We believe that this may be due to the urgency of the disease threat, which leads to the selective attention to the disease threat in the early perception stage and the allocation of more attention resources for rapid response in the later stage. In addition, we found that disgust sensitivity specifically maintains individuals’ self-referential effects by dissociating individuals from others in disease contexts. These results further support the behavioral immune function of disgust as a gatekeeper of the self in potentially contaminated environments. In conclusion, our study showed that in the face of survival threat, the self-reference effect is eliminated, and disgust tried to slow down this elimination effect to protect self. This study extends the behavioral immunity theory to some extent and further deepens the understanding of the relationship between disgust and self.

RELATIONSHIP RECONSTRUCTION AND VALUE CO-CREATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION SUBJECT UNDER THE TEND OF DE-CENTRALIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VALUE NETWORK THEORY AND MENTAL HEALTH

RELATIONSHIP RECONSTRUCTION AND VALUE CO-CREATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION SUBJECT UNDER THE TEND OF DE-CENTRALIZATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF VALUE NETWORK THEORY AND MENTAL HEALTH

Do Humans Possess a Superior Location Memory for Snakes?

Snakes have been a recurrent survival threat throughout human evolutionary history, and, as a result, these animals disproportionately induce attention and fear. Consistent with the predictions of Snake Detection Theory, a large body of literature has demonstrated that both humans and non-human primates possess visual adaptations for rapidly detecting snakes. The current research examined whether people also possess cognitive biases for remembering the locations of these dangerous animals. Three preregistered studies (N = 69), all of which used within-subjects designs with college students in the United States, were conducted to assess how the spatial recall for snakes compared to other recurrent survival threats: lions and spiders. Results show that the location memory for snakes was greater than for lions (p < .05) but equivalent to that of spiders. In addition, the findings indicate that differences in location memory across studies were driven primarily by threat rather than arousal and negative valence. Overall, these studies suggest that humans do not possess a superior location memory specific for snakes. Limitations to the current research and suggestions for future work in this area are discussed.

"The Graying Minority": Lived Experiences and Psychosocial Challenges of Older Transgender Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India, A Qualitative Exploration.

Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat. Certain factors like age, an immunocompromised state, and social impoverishment, etc. can add to health vulnerabilities during this pandemic. One such group is older transgender adults, who often bear a combination of these risks. As the world is aging fast, their numbers have also been increasing. With this in mind, this study explores the lived experiences and psychosocial challenges of older transgender adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.Methods: A qualitative approach was used. Ten individuals with “transgender” identity above the age of 60 were recruited with consent through purposive sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted on the telephone using a pre-designed interview schedule. They were recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim. Hasse's adaptation of Colaizzi's phenomenological method was used for analysis. Independent coding and respondent validation were used to ensure the rigor of data.Results: The super-arching categories (with themes) were marginalization (“second” priority, stigma, social disconnection), the dual burden of “age” and “gender” (ageism, othering, and psychosexual difficulties), and multi-faceted survival threats (physical, emotional, financial) during the pandemic. Social rituals, spirituality, hope, and acceptance of “gender dissonance” emerged as the main coping factors, whereas their unmet needs were social inclusion, awareness related to COVID-19, mental health care, and audience to their distress.Conclusion: The elderly gender minorities are at increased emotional and social risks during the ongoing pandemic, and their voices are mostly unheard. The need for policy implementation and community awareness about their social welfare is vital to improving their health and well-being.

PENERAPAN MODUL ABAH UMI “MAHIR MERAWAT” UNTUK DETEKSI FAKTOR RESIKO BBLR TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL

Babies become focused in every health program because they are in a period of growth and development, and at all times face survival threats such as pain and death. The obstacles encountered in the field related to infant mortality in Situbondo Regency, one of which is community knowledge about high risk babies (especially low birth weight babies, 2500 grams /BBLR) is still low BBLR is still the highest cause of death in infants in Situbondo Regency. The purpose of this research is to produce an educational media product in the form of bblr risk detection module in pregnant women that can increase the knowledge of pregnant women. Wilcoxon Test results showed positive ranks indicating that all respondents gained increased knowledge after being given the intervention and the result of p-value = 0.000 < 0.05 so it can be said that there is a difference between pre test and post test on The Use of Module Abah Umi Adept care. For media validation 3.8 so that Abah Umi Module "Adept at Caring" is feasible for the detection of BBLR Risk Factors against the knowledge of Pregnant Women. The provision of KIE through the module as a preventive and promotive effort in the prevention of BBLR involving the participation of both parents in a strong way. Keywords: BBLR, module

Recovery of Globba wengeri (C.E.C. Fisch.) K.J. Williams, critically endangered plant species from Serchhip District in Mizoram, Northeast India

Globba wengeri (C.E.C. Fisch.) K.J. Williams, former state flower of Mizoram, a rare and critically endangered plant species, commonly known as ‘dancing girl’, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is reported in this communication for the first time from Serchhip District in Mizoram at an elevation of about 1187 m a.s.l. It was found on moist, watery and rocky slopes. The plant is under severe threat in the natural habitat and therefore, further studies are required to determine life history and particular survival threats of this species.

Reducing mental illness stigma in healthcare settings: Proof of concept for a social contact intervention to address what matters most for primary care providers.

Initiatives for integration of mental health services into primary care are underway through the World Health Organization's mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) and related endeavors. However, primary healthcare providers' stigma against persons with mental illness is a barrier to success of these programs. Therefore, interventions are needed to reduce stigma among primary healthcare providers. We developed REducing Stigma among HealthcAre ProvidErs (RESHAPE), a theoretically-grounded intervention that draws upon the medical anthropology conceptual framework of "what matters most." RESHAPE addresses three domains of threats to what matters most: survival, social, and professional. In a proof-of-concept study, mental health service users and aspirational healthcare providers (primary healthcare providers actively incorporating mental health services) were trained to co-facilitate the RESHAPE intervention embedded within mhGAP training in Nepal. Two trainings with the RESHAPE anti-stigma component were held with 41 primary healthcare providers in Nepal. Evaluation of the training included four focus groups and 25 key informant interviews. Stigmatizing attitudes and role play-based clinical competency, assessed with the ENhancing Assessment of Common Therapeutic factors tool (ENACT), were evaluated pre-training and followed-up at four and 16 months. The study was conducted from February 2016 through June 2017. In qualitative interviews, primary healthcare providers described changes in perceptions of violence (survival threats) and the ability to treat mental illness effectively (professional threats). Willingness to interact with a person with mental illness increased from 54% pre-training to 81% at 16 months. Observed clinical competency increased from 49% pre-training to 93% at 16-months. This proof-of-concept study supports reducing stigma by addressing what matters most to healthcare providers, predominantly through mitigating survival and professional threats. Additional efforts are needed to address social threats. These findings support further exploration of service user and aspirational figure involvement in mhGAP trainings based on a "what matters most" conceptual framework.

Is memory enhanced by the context or survival threats? A quantitative and qualitative review on the survival processing paradigm.

Is memory enhanced by the context or survival threats? A quantitative and qualitative review on the survival processing paradigm.

Genomic signatures of near-extinction and rebirth of the crested ibis and other endangered bird species.

BackgroundNearly one-quarter of all avian species is either threatened or nearly threatened. Of these, 73 species are currently being rescued from going extinct in wildlife sanctuaries. One of the previously most critically-endangered is the crested ibis, Nipponia nippon. Once widespread across North-East Asia, by 1981 only seven individuals from two breeding pairs remained in the wild. The recovering crested ibis populations thus provide an excellent example for conservation genomics since every individual bird has been recruited for genomic and demographic studies.ResultsUsing high-quality genome sequences of multiple crested ibis individuals, its thriving co-habitant, the little egret, Egretta garzetta, and the recently sequenced genomes of 41 other avian species that are under various degrees of survival threats, including the bald eagle, we carry out comparative analyses for genomic signatures of near extinction events in association with environmental and behavioral attributes of species. We confirm that both loss of genetic diversity and enrichment of deleterious mutations of protein-coding genes contribute to the major genetic defects of the endangered species. We further identify that genetic inbreeding and loss-of-function genes in the crested ibis may all constitute genetic susceptibility to other factors including long-term climate change, over-hunting, and agrochemical overuse. We also establish a genome-wide DNA identification platform for molecular breeding and conservation practices, to facilitate sustainable recovery of endangered species.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate common genomic signatures of population decline across avian species and pave a way for further effort in saving endangered species and enhancing conservation genomic efforts.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0557-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Organizational culture evolution: an imprinting perspective

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an imprinting perspective of the organizational culture evolution at a large state-owned heavy equipment manufacturer. It aims at exploring sensitive periods and the tension between persistence and decay of imprints. Design/methodology/approach – It employs the case study approach. Both qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (survey) data were collected, from the directors, middle managements, and grass-roots staffs of Dong Fang Turbine Co. Ltd. Based on the set of four scenarios, both within-scenario analysis and cross-scenario analysis were conducted following the “replication logic.” Findings – New survival threats are more possible to develop sensitive periods with new imprints than transition periods, and the authors suggest organizational culture can be divided into two categories as the institutional sensitive and the local community sensitive. Originality/value – This study is not only an exploitation of imprinting theories, but also provides a different understanding of organizational evolution, especially in terms of imprints dynamic. Meanwhile, the case shows how institutional environment and local community has shaped differently the organizational culture.

Effect of fungal colonization of wheat grains with Fusarium spp. on food choice, weight gain and mortality of meal beetle larvae (Tenebrio molitor).

Species of Fusarium have significant agro-economical and human health-related impact by infecting diverse crop plants and synthesizing diverse mycotoxins. Here, we investigated interactions of grain-feeding Tenebrio molitor larvae with four grain-colonizing Fusarium species on wheat kernels. Since numerous metabolites produced by Fusarium spp. are toxic to insects, we tested the hypothesis that the insect senses and avoids Fusarium-colonized grains. We found that only kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or Beauveria bassiana (an insect-pathogenic fungal control) were avoided by the larvae as expected. Kernels colonized with F. proliferatum, F. poae or F. culmorum attracted T. molitor larvae significantly more than control kernels. The avoidance/preference correlated with larval feeding behaviors and weight gain. Interestingly, larvae that had consumed F. proliferatum- or F. poae-colonized kernels had similar survival rates as control. Larvae fed on F. culmorum-, F. avenaceum- or B. bassiana-colonized kernels had elevated mortality rates. HPLC analyses confirmed the following mycotoxins produced by the fungal strains on the kernels: fumonisins, enniatins and beauvericin by F. proliferatum, enniatins and beauvericin by F. poae, enniatins by F. avenaceum, and deoxynivalenol and zearalenone by F. culmorum. Our results indicate that T. molitor larvae have the ability to sense potential survival threats of kernels colonized with F. avenaceum or B. bassiana, but not with F. culmorum. Volatiles potentially along with gustatory cues produced by these fungi may represent survival threat signals for the larvae resulting in their avoidance. Although F. proliferatum or F. poae produced fumonisins, enniatins and beauvericin during kernel colonization, the larvae were able to use those kernels as diet without exhibiting increased mortality. Consumption of F. avenaceum-colonized kernels, however, increased larval mortality; these kernels had higher enniatin levels than F. proliferatum or F. poae-colonized ones suggesting that T. molitor can tolerate or metabolize those toxins.

Song complexity, song rate, and variation in the adrenocortical stress response in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)

Physiological mechanisms that pleiotropically affect condition, life-history decisions, and fitness may covary with the expression of sexually selected ornaments. The adrenocortical stress response regulates energy balance, controls vertebrate responses to survival threats, and may divert energy expenditure away from investment in costly sexual displays. Further, developmental stress may induce correlations between the stress response during adulthood and sexual signals that develop early in life, such as song in oscine birds. We examined the relationship between the adrenocortical stress response (measured by plasma corticosterone concentrations) and the sexually selected traits of song complexity and song rate in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Additionally, we explored whether the stress response, song complexity, or song rate predict other male quality and fitness metrics. In contrast to prior research, which reports negative relationships between song complexity and the stress response in this species, males with larger song repertoires had larger stress responses. Song rate was unrelated to the stress response, but positively correlated with male body mass and nestling mass. In addition, males with higher syllable diversity had longer wingchords and lower hematocrit, males with larger song repertoires had heavier nestlings and higher hematocrit, and males with larger stress responses and baseline corticosterone had higher hematocrit. Results suggest that the relationship between the stress response and song complexity is context-dependent, and that song repertoire size, syllable diversity, and song rate serve distinct signaling functions.