Survival Rate For Lung Cancer Research Articles

Interrogating Bronchoalveolar Lavage Samples via Exclusion-Based Analyte Extraction.

Although average survival rates for lung cancer have improved, earlier and better diagnosis remains a priority. One promising approach to assisting earlier and safer diagnosis of lung lesions is bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), which provides a sample of lung tissue as well as proteins and immune cells from the vicinity of the lesion, yet diagnostic sensitivity remains a challenge. Reproducible isolation of lung epithelia and multianalyte extraction have the potential to improve diagnostic sensitivity and provide new information for developing personalized therapeutic approaches. We present the use of a recently developed exclusion-based, solid-phase-extraction technique called SLIDE (Sliding Lid for Immobilized Droplet Extraction) to facilitate analysis of BAL samples. We developed a SLIDE protocol for lung epithelial cell extraction and biomarker staining of patient BALs, testing both EpCAM and Trop2 as capture antigens. We characterized captured cells using TTF1 and p40 as immunostaining biomarkers of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. We achieved up to 90% (EpCAM) and 84% (Trop2) extraction efficiency of representative tumor cell lines. We then used the platform to process two patient BAL samples in parallel within the same sample plate to demonstrate feasibility and observed that Trop2-based extraction potentially extracts more target cells than EpCAM-based extraction.

Perspectives from the community setting: A retrospective chart review of nivolumab for previously treated non-small cell lung cancer.

86 Background: Lung cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in Canada and is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types representing 85-90% of cases. Compared to other cancers, the five-year survival rate for lung cancer in Canada is among the lowest at 17%. Nivolumab has been in use in the setting of progression of previously treated NSCLC at the Windsor Regional Cancer Center since June 2015. This retrospective chart review abstracts data from 26 patients at WRCC with NSCLC who were treated with nivolumab. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 26 patients treated with nivolumab in the setting of progressive NSCLC. Results: 26 patients were reviewed (1 stage 2a, 2 stage 3a, 3 stage 3b, 20 stage 4 with 12 M1b and 8 M1a). Grade 1-2 side effects were documented in 4 patients treated with monitoring and no discontinuation or dose modification of nivolumab. A grade 3 side effect was documented in 1 patient leading to discontinuation of treatment. 3 living patients discontinued treatment due to progression. 6 patients died while on treatment secondary to disease progression. The remaining patients are on nivolumab with no side effects documented. Conclusions: As the use of immuno-oncology agents use expand in community clinics, opportunities arise from community data to further learn which patients benefit from these treatments, what side effects can occur and how to manage them, and how response to treatment may look. Out of the 26 patients receiving nivolumab, 5 patients had documented side effects resulting in discontinuation of treatment in 1 patient. Overall nivolumab has been well tolerated in patients with NSCLC in this community setting.

P1.04-016 EBUS plus Fluoroscopy-Guided Biopsy Compared to Fluoroscopy-Guided TBB for Obtaining Samples of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions

Early detection of peripheral pulmonary nodules and histopathologic diagnosis of biopsy samples of the nodules are keys to improving survival rates of lung cancer. Steady improvement in bronchoscopic procedures during the past few decades enable detection and biopsy of much smaller nodules. We report a meta-analysis of recent reports comparing the diagnostic yields of endobronchial ultrasonography plus fluoroscopically-guided transbronchial biopsy with that of fluoroscopically-guided transbronchial biopsy without the use of endobronchial ultrasonography. We searched Medline, the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Google Scholar and found five articles that met our inclusion criteria. One of those articles did not strictly meet our criteria, in that it was deficient in quantitation, but we included it because it contained other relevant information. Meta-analysis from the 4 studies revealed a higher positive diagnostic yield in the group with endobronchial ultrasonographic guidance in addition to fluoroscopy than the group diagnosed with only conventional fluoroscopic guidance to the lesion, for large and small lesions. Obtaining transbronchial biopsy samples for histopathological diagnosis is enhanced by addition of endobronchial ultrasonography to conventional fluoroscopic guidance; this is especially important for patients with small peripheral lung lesions who benefit greatly from early diagnosis.

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) in Evaluation of Lung Nodules: A New Tool for Self-Learning and To Assist Radiologists in Diagnosing Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in general population. Early diagnosis of malignant pulmonary nodule, can improve 5-year survival rate of lung cancer by upto 80%. There is increase in incidentally detected pulmonary nodules with the increased usage of diagnostic imaging modalities especially computed tomography (CT) of chest. Most often, physicians and trainee doctors have to depend on the experienced radiologists to confidently label these nodules as benign or malignant, thereby raising a need for some method, which could help them in self-learning and also could assist radiologists in ruling out malignancy with good certainty and confidence.

Epidemiology of cancer in end-stage renal disease dialysis patients: a national cohort study in Taiwan

The incidence and mortality of site-specific cancers in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance dialysis have been rarely studied for Asian populations. We tapped Taiwan`s National Health Insurance Research Database to identify and recruit patients starting maintenance dialysis between 1999 and 2004. They were followed from initiation of dialysis until death, discontinuation of dialysis, or the end of 2008. We calculated the survival rate and mortality risk of dialysis patients with cancer. Of 40,833 dialysis patients, 2352 (5.8%) had been newly diagnosed with cancer. Being older, being male, and having chronic liver disease were factors associated with a higher risk for new cancer in ESRD dialysis patients. In men, liver cancer (20.63%) was the most frequent, followed by cancers of the bladder (16.88%) and kidney (11.61%). In women, bladder cancer (25.57%) was the most frequent, followed by cancers of the kidney (16.31%) and breast (11.20%). The 5-year survival rates for kidney and bladder cancer were higher than for other cancers; the survival rates for lung, stomach, and liver cancer were lower. In conclusion, the distribution of site-specific cancer was different between men and women in patients with ESRD on dialysis. More attention should be paid to teaching dialysis patients how to avoid the well-known cancer risks and carcinogens and individualized regular cancer screenings.

NU01.05 Indigenous Population with Lung Cancer

NU01.05 Indigenous Population with Lung Cancer

P3.01-039 JAK2 Participates in Lung Cancer Cells Proliferation, Migration and Invasion: Topic: Functional Biology in Lung Cancer

Lung cancer ranks as the first most common cancer and the first leading cause of cancer-related death in China and worldwide. Due to the difficulty in early diagnosis and the onset of cancer metastasis, the 5-year survival rate of lung cancer remains extremely low. JAK2 has emerged as pivotal participant in biological processes, often dysregulated in a range of cancers, including lung cancer. Recently we found that JAK2 might play an important role in lung cancer pathogenesis as an oncogene. While our understanding of JAK2 in the onset and progression of lung cancer is still in its infancy, there is no doubt that understanding the activities of JAK2 will certainly secure strong biomarkers and improve treatment options for lung cancer patients. The expression levels of JAK2 mRNA and protein were assayed using the RT-PCR and Western Blot assay respectively. MTT assay, Scratch-wound healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay were conducted to study the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells independently. The shRNA and overexpression plasmids of JAK2 were conducted. JAK2 is up-regulated in lung cancer tissues when compared with their adjacent non-tumor tissues, and was associated with lymph node metastasis. Downregulation of JAK2 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. Moreover, overexpression of JAK2 induced the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells. These findings demonstrate that JAK2, whose expression is up-regulated in lung cancer, may participate in lung cancer progression by regulating cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion.

Indolence versus aggression in non-small cell lung cancer: defining heterogeneity to impact clinical outcomes

While important new findings in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have led to significant progress, it has been incremental. In the past 30 years the five-year survival rate for lung cancer has increased by only 5% (1). Despite the major survival advantage conferred to patients with localized disease, only 17% of NSCLC diagnoses were made at stage I–II as of 2014 (2). For this reason, considerable efforts have historically focused on improving early detection through development of screening programs. Following the publication of the NCI-funded National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) added annual low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) as a preventive service benefit in 2015. This has led to a rapid expansion of lung cancer screening programs. The NLST demonstrated a 20% relative reduction in cancer-specific mortality with annual LDCT screening in high-risk patients and resulted in a much improved probability of early stage disease at diagnosis (3). Specifically, amongst patients with screen-detected lung cancers, approximately 70% were stage I–II at diagnosis and over 50% were stage IA (3). The observation that screen-detected lung cancer is more likely to be at an early, localized stage is consistent with the findings of other large-scale prospective screening studies. Thus, the implementation of lung cancer screening programs is expected to lead to a stepwise increase in early stage diagnoses.

LMO4 is a prognostic marker involved in cell migration and invasion in non-small-cell lung cancer.

The aims of this study were to analyze the association of LMO4 with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival rate, and to determine its functional role and signaling pathway in lung cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect the expression of LMO4 in NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues. Migration and invasion ability was detected respectively by wound healing test and transwell test. Immunofluorescence and western blot were detected of AKT/PI3K pathway related genes MAPK, PI3K, AKT. LMO4 has high expression level of NSCLC cell lines and tumor tissues, and correlated with a lower survival rate. LMO4 can regulate the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells through the AKT/PI3K pathway. LMO4 could serve as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.

Depression can shorten lung cancer survival rates.

Worsening depression symptoms are associated with shorter survival rates for patients with lung cancer, especially those in the early stages of the disease, say researchers in the US.

Lung cancer: Incidence and survival in Rabat, Morocco

BackgroundLung cancer is the most common cancer worldwide, but epidemiologic data from developing countries are lacking. This article reports lung cancer incidence and survival in Rabat, the capital of Morocco. MethodsAll lung cancer cases diagnosed between 2005 and 2008 were analyzed using data provided by the Rabat Cancer Registry. The standardized rate was reported using age adjustment with respect to the world standard population, and the observed survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. ResultsThree hundred fifty-one cases were registered (314 males and 37 females), aged 27–90 years (median, 59 years). The most common pathological type was adenocarcinoma (40.2%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (31.9%); the majority of cases were diagnosed at stage IV (52%). The age-standardized incidence rate was 25.1 and 2.7 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively, and the overall observed survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 31.7% and 3.4%, respectively. The clinical stage of disease was the only independent predictor of survival. ConclusionThe survival rate of lung cancer in Rabat is very poor. This finding explains the need for measures to reduce the prevalence of tobacco and to improve diagnostic and therapeutic facilities for lung cancer.

CT Screening for Lung Cancer: Part-Solid Nodules in Baseline and Annual Repeat Rounds.

The purpose of this study was to assess the frequencies of identifying participants with part-solid nodules, of diagnostic pursuit, of diagnoses of lung cancer, and long-term lung cancer survival in baseline and annual repeat rounds of CT screening in the International Early Lung Cancer Action Project. Screenings were performed under a common protocol. Participants with solid, nonsolid, and part-solid nodules and the diagnoses of lung cancer were documented. Part-solid nodules were identified in 2892 of 57,496 (5.0%) baseline screening studies; 567 (19.6%) of these nodules resolved or decreased in size. Diagnostic pursuit led to the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in 79 cases, all clinical stage I. At resection, one nodule (12-mm solid component) had a single N2 metastasis. A new part-solid nodule was identified in 541 of 64,677 (0.8%) annual repeat screenings; 377 (69.7%) of these nodules resolved or decreased in size. In eight cases among the 541, the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma manifesting as a part solid nodule was made; on retrospective review the nodule originally had been a nonsolid nodule. In another 20 cases, the cancer originally had manifested as a nonsolid nodule but had progressed to become part-solid at annual repeat screening before any diagnosis was pursued. These 28 annual repeat cases of lung cancer were all pathologic stage IA. Of the 107 cases of lung cancer (79 baseline cases and 28 annual repeat cases), 106 were surgically resected, and one baseline case was followed up with imaging for 4 years. The lung cancer survival rate was 100% with a median follow-up period from diagnosis of 89 months (interquartile range, 52-134 months). Lung cancers manifesting as part-solid nodules at repeat screening studies all started as nonsolid nodules. Among 107 cases of adenocarcinoma manifesting as a part-solid nodule, a single lymph node metastasis was found in a single case (solid component, 12 mm).

Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Epidemiology and Genomics of Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. In addition to the geographical and sex-specific differences in the incidence, mortality, and survival rates of lung cancer, growing evidence suggests that racial and ethnic differences exist. We reviewed published data related to racial and ethnic differences in lung cancer. Current knowledge and substantive findings related to racial and ethnic differences in lung cancer were summarized, focusing on incidence, mortality, survival, cigarette smoking, prevention and early detection, and genomics. Systems-level and health care professional-related issues likely to contribute to specific racial and ethnic health disparities were also reviewed to provide possible suggestions for future strategies to reduce the disproportionate burden of lung cancer. Although lung carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process driven by exogenous exposures, genetic variations, and an accumulation of somatic genetic events, it appears to have racial and ethnic differences that in turn impact the observed epidemiological differences in rates of incidence, mortality, and survival.

Lung Cancer Epidemiology in Korea.

PurposeThe current study was undertaken to examine the trends in the lung cancer incidence, mortality, and survival after a diagnosis in Korea.Materials and MethodsLung cancer incidence data according to the histologic type and mortality data were obtained from the Korea Central Cancer Registry and the Statistics Korea, respectively. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated, and the Joinpoint model and age-period-cohort analyses were used to describe the trends in the rates. The 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer were also calculated.ResultsAlthough the number of new lung cancer cases increased between 1999 and 2012, the age-standardized incidence rate decreased by 0.9% per year in men, whereas the incidence in women increased by 1.7% per year over the same time. Until 2010, the most common histologic type in men was squamous cell carcinoma, then adenocarcinoma prevailed thereafter. Since 1999, the most frequent histological type in women was adenocarcinoma. The lung cancer mortality started to decrease in 2002, with a more apparent decline for the younger age groups in both men and women. Overall, the 5-year relative survival rates have improved significantly from 11.2% for men and 14.7% for women among patients diagnosed between 1993 and 1997 to 19.3% for men and 28.2% for women among patients diagnosed between 2008 and 2012, respectively. An improvement in survival rate was observed for all major histology groups.ConclusionThe epidemiology of lung cancer in Korea has changed over a short time span, with decreasing mortality and improving survival rates. Further study is warranted to determine the cause of these changes.

Epidemiology of lung cancer and approaches for its prediction: a systematic review and analysis

BackgroundOwing to the use of tobacco and the consumption of alcohol and adulterated food, worldwide cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming and frightening rate. Since the last decade of the twentieth century, lung cancer has been the most common cancer type. This study aimed to determine the global status of lung cancer and to evaluate the use of computational methods in the early detection of lung cancer.MethodsWe used lung cancer data from the United Kingdom (UK), the United States (US), India, and Egypt. For statistical analysis, we used incidence and mortality as well as survival rates to better understand the critical state of lung cancer.ResultsIn the UK and the US, we found a significant decrease in lung cancer mortalities in the period of 1990–2014, whereas, in India and Egypt, such a decrease was not much promising. Additionally, we observed that, in the UK and the US, the survival rates of women with lung cancer were higher than those of men. We observed that the data mining and evolutionary algorithms were efficient in lung cancer detection.ConclusionsOur findings provide an inclusive understanding of the incidences, mortalities, and survival rates of lung cancer in the UK, the US, India, and Egypt. The combined use of data mining and evolutionary algorithm can be efficient in lung cancer detection.

Abstract 4166: Role of calreticulin in the spontaneous development of lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from a novel transgenic mouse model

Abstract Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women worldiwide. The overall 5 year survival rate of lung cancer ranges between 5-15% (depending on the subtype). Based on histopathological criteria, lung cancer is subdivided into two main subtypes: small cell lung cancer (15%) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC 85%). Adenocarcinoma a subtype of NSCLC is the most common type in both sexes, and it has a poor response to chemotherapy. We recently developed a transgenic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma by overexpressing calreticulin (CRT) under the control of Tie2-promotor. The main phenotype of these mice is high incidence of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma similar to human patients. Immunohistological analysis showed these tumors to be SP-C+ve and CC10-ve phenotype. At the initial stages most of cells in the hyperplegic area and adenoma stained positive for exogenous CRT and HSCs markers, and as the tumor differentiated to carcinoma there were a significant loss of exogenous CRT and HSCs markers and increased expression of SP-C. The aim of our current project was therefore to identify the mechanism of development of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in this mouse model. To address this objective we carried out microarray and quantitative proteomic analysis of tissue and cell lines isolated from lungs of this transgenic mouse model. Microarray analysis showed activation of cluster of genes involved in cellular development, growth and proliferation. Some of these pathways include genes invlved in VEGF signal transduction pathways and Epherin receptor signaling, at the same time there were decreased expression of cell-cell interaction and communication (needed for metastasis). At the protein level we observed a significant increase in proteins involved in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. In addition we observed a significant change in the expression of genes invloved in lipid metabolism (both at protein and RNA level) in the lung of these mice. The change in the expression of lipid metabolizing genes suggest the metabolic shift needed during tumor progression. In conclusion, our data suggests that CRT as an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone and a regulator of intracellular calcium homeostasis affects multiple genes invivo resulting in the development of tumor. This research was funded by Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP4-043-3-016). Citation Format: Nasrin Mesaeli, Hamid Massaeli, Divya Viswanathan, Dhanya Pillai, Mercy Anna Thomas. Role of calreticulin in the spontaneous development of lung adenocarcinoma: Evidence from a novel transgenic mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4166.

Abstract 341: Preclinical mode of action and anti-tumor efficacy of the selective MKNK1 inhibitor BAY 1143269 in NSCLC models

Abstract MKNK1 (MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase, also known as Mnk1) is activated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38. Thus, MKNK1 signaling is involved in the cellular response to environmental stress factors and cytokines. Of particular interest, MKNK1 kinase regulates mRNA translation by phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eIF4E (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E), known to be critical for malignant transformation but shown to be dispensable for translation in normal cells. Phosphorylated eIF4E levels were found to be elevated in several cancer tissues, including lung cancer. MKNK1 is also involved in resistance mechanisms to cancer therapeutics. Thus, the inhibition of MKNK1 activity may provide an innovative approach for anti-cancer therapy, and in particular for lung cancer, the main cancer-related cause of death worldwide. BAY 1143269 is a potent and selective MKNK1 inhibitor and inhibits eIF4E phosphorylation and reduces MKNK1-regulated translational downstream targets in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. In this study, BAY 1143269-mediated effects on molecular mechanisms in lung cancer models were analyzed. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous lung diseases including cancer progression, metastasis and resistance. BAY 1143269 reduced expression of EMT key regulators like Snail1 and cellular junction components, as well as reduced TGFβ1-induced EMT. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for proinflammatory cytokines in the development and progression of cancer; increased serum concentrations of cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6) are associated with diminished lung cancer survival rates. BAY 1143269 reduced the secretion of several proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα and IL-6 in whole blood, and affected IFN-stimulated gene expression in cell lines. Consistent with the observed effects in vitro, BAY 1143269 showed significant anti-tumor effects in vivo in cell line as well as patient derived NSCLC xenograft models in monotherapy. In combination with chemotherapeutics approved for treatment of NSCLC, BAY 1143269 improved anti-tumor effects in comparison to chemotherapy alone. In conclusion, BAY 1143269 has the potential to provide therapeutic benefit in NSCLC. A phase I study of BAY 1143269 in combination with docetaxel for subjects with advance solid tumors is ongoing (NCT02439346). Citation Format: Susann Santag, Franziska Siegel, Antje M. Wengner, Claudia Lange, Ulf Boemer, Knut Eis, Florian Puehler, Martin Michels, Franz von Nussbaum, Karl Ziegelbauer, Dominik Mumberg, Kirstin Petersen. Preclinical mode of action and anti-tumor efficacy of the selective MKNK1 inhibitor BAY 1143269 in NSCLC models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 341.

Survey seeks ways to increase lung cancer survival rates

Survey seeks ways to increase lung cancer survival rates

Lung cancer survey targets survival.

Nurses are being asked for their views on how to improve lung cancer survival rates.

βIII-Tubulin alters glucose metabolism and stress response signaling to promote cell survival and proliferation in glucose-starved non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival rates are dismal and high βIII-tubulin expression is associated with chemotherapy drug resistance and tumor aggressiveness in this disease. Mounting evidence supports a role for βIII-tubulin in promoting cell survival in the harsh tumor microenvironment, which is characterized by poor nutrient supply. This study aimed to investigate the role of βIII-tubulin in glucose stress response signaling and the survival and proliferation of NSCLC cells. This study revealed that βIII-tubulin regulates cellular metabolism and glucose stress response signaling in NSCLC cells to promote cell survival and proliferation in glucose starvation. βIII-Tubulin decreases the reliance of cells on glycolytic metabolism, priming them to cope with variable nutrient supply present within the tumor microenvironment. βIII-Tubulin protects cells from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reduces both basal and glucose starvation-induced autophagy to maintain cell survival and proliferation. βIII-Tubulin enables rapid Akt activation in response to glucose starvation and co-immunoprecipitates with the master regulator of the ER stress response GRP78. Furthermore, suppression of βIII-tubulin delays the association of GRP78 with Akt in response to glucose starvation with the potential to influence Akt activation and ER homeostasis under these conditions. Together these results identify that βIII-tubulin regulates glucose metabolism and alters glucose starvation stress signaling to promote cell proliferation and survival in NSCLC cells. This elucidates a hitherto unknown role for this microtubule protein and provides insight into correlations between high βIII-tubulin expression and poor patient outcome in this disease.