European Survey Research Articles

European Survey on Clinical Practice of Detecting and Treating T-Cell Mediated Kidney Transplant Rejection.

The KDIGO guideline for acute rejection treatment recommends use of corticosteroids and suggests using lymphocyte-depleting agents as second line treatment. Aim of the study was to determine the current practices of detection and treatment of TCMR of kidney allografts amongst European kidney transplant centres. An invitation was sent through ESOT/EKITA newsletters and through social media to transplant professionals in Europe for taking part in the survey. A total of 129 transplant professionals responded to the survey. There was equal representation of small and large sized transplant centres. The majority of centres treat borderline changes (BL) and TCMR (Grade IA-B, IIA-B) in indication biopsies and protocol biopsies with corticosteroids as first line treatment. Thymoglobulin is used mainly as second line treatment for TCMR Grade IA-B (80%) and TCMR IIA-B (85%). Treatment success is most often evaluated within one month of therapy. There were no differences observed between the large and small centres for the management of TCMR. This survey highlights the common practices and diversity in clinics for the management of TCMR in Europe. Testing new therapies for TCMR should be in comparison to the current standard of care in Europe. Better consensus on treatment success is crucial for robust study designs.

European Survey on Follow-up Strategies for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

European Survey on Follow-up Strategies for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Gender inequality in leadership positions

The fact that women are still less likely than men to hold leadership positions is evident across Europe, with gender differences varying among countries. This paper examines how part-time employment contributes to the gender gap in leadership positions between women and men working in highly skilled occupations. In doing so, we pay particular attention to whether and possibly how the correlation between part-time work and a leadership position is mediated by gender, as employment levels and gender have often been confounded in empirical studies in the past. The analyses are based on European Union Labour Force Survey data and cover seven European countries. Our results confirm that part-time work is related to the gender gap in leadership positions in all countries studied, with a negative correlation between reduced working hours and holding a supervisory position, and with women being much more likely than men to work part-time. Our findings also suggest that part-time penalties, i.e. the negative association between reduced working hours and having supervisory responsibilities, are gender-specific, but in the sense that they are more pronounced for male workers. Our findings further imply that the extent of part-time penalties is not related to the prevailing part-time culture in a country.

The European Low Frequency Survey

In this paper we present the European Low Frequency Survey (ELFS), a project that will enable the detection of primordial B-mode polarization by measuring the Galactic and extra-Galactic foregrounds in the 5– 120 GHz frequency window. Indeed, the main difficulty in measuring the Bmode polarization comes not just from its sheer faintness, but from the fact that many other objects in the Universe also emit polarized microwaves, which mask the faint CMB signal. The first stage of this project will be carried out in synergy with the Simons Array (SA) collaboration, installing a 5.5–11 GHz coherent receiver at the focus of one of the three 3.5m SA telescopes in Atacama, Chile (“ELFS on SA”). The receiver will be equipped with a fully digital backend based on the latest Xilinx RF System-on-Chip devices that will provide frequency resolution of 1MHz across the whole observing band, allowing us to clean the scientific signal from unwanted radio frequency interference, particularly from low-Earth orbit satellite mega-constellations. This paper reviews the scientific motivation for ELFS and its instrumental characteristics, and provides an update on the development of ELFS on SA.

Climate change worry in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence from two large-scale European surveys

Climate change beliefs drive individual actions tackling climate change and influence the support of climate change policies. In the last two years, however, humanity has faced a parallel global crisis: the COVID-19 pandemic. The widely communicated finite pool of worry theory suggests that consideration of a crisis usually decreases when another crisis is emerging. Nevertheless, according to recent evidence, climate change concerns or awareness have increased during the pandemic. In this study, we aimed at describing recent changes in climate change concerns and examining the effect of COVID-fear on climate change worry in 28 European countries drawing on data from nationally representative surveys. We observed a strong increase in climate change concerns between 2016 and 2021, and a slight additional increase between during the pandemic (between 2020 and 2021) in the 28 countries examined, especially in those countries, where the level of concern was originally lower. The results of the multilevel models showed that COVID-19 fear reinforces climate change concerns which contradicts the finite pool of worry theory. These findings may come as good news given that increasing climate change concerns may raise individuals' support of climate policies, however, carefully designed awareness-raising campaigns are needed.

Neonatal Resuscitation Practices in Romania: A Survey of the Romanian Association of Neonatology (ANR) and the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS).

This study is part of a European survey on delivery room practices endorsed by the Union of European Neonatal and Perinatal Societies (UENPS) and the Romanian Association of Neonatology (ANR). The aim of our study was to evaluate the current neonatal resuscitation practices in Romanian maternity hospitals and to compare the results between level III and level II centers. The questionnaire was distributed through ANR by email link to heads of neonatal departments of 53 Romanian maternity hospitals with more than one thousand of births per year between October 2019 and September 2020, having 2018 as the reference year for data collection. The overall response rate to the questionnaire was 62.26% (33/53), 83.33% (15/18) for level-III centers and 51.43% (18/35) for level-II centers. Of the responding centers, 18 (54,54%) were academic hospitals, 15 (83,33%) were level III and 3 (16,67%) level II hospitals. In 2018, responding centers reported 81.139 births representing 42.66% of all Romanian births (190.170). There were significant differences between level-III and level-II maternity hospitals regarding the number of births in 2018 (3028.73±1258.38 vs 1983.78±769.99; P=0.006), lowest GA of routinely assisted infants in delivery room (25.07±3.03 weeks vs 30.44±3.28, P<0.001), inborn infants with BW<1500 admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in 2018 (66.86±39.14 g vs 22.87±31.50 g; P=0.002), and antenatal counseling of parents before the delivery of a very preterm infant or an infant with expected problems (60% vs 22.2%; P=0.027). There were no significant differences of thermal and umbilical cord management, positive pressure delivery, heart rate assessment between responding centers. The adherence to new guidelines was high among responding centers regarding thermal and umbilical cord management, initial FiO2, but aspects like antenatal counseling, EKG monitoring, laryngeal mask, and heated/humidified gases availability and administration, and simulation-based training require further implementation.

The prevalence of imposter syndrome among neurosurgeons in Europe: An EANS YNC survey

IntroductionImposter syndrome (IS), characterized by persistent doubts about one's abilities and fear of exposure as a fraud, is a prevalent psychological condition, particularly impacting physicians. In neurosurgery, known for its competitiveness and demands, the prevalence of IS remains high. Research questionRecognizing the limited literature on IS within the neurosurgical community, this European survey aimed to determine its prevalence among young neurosurgeons and identify associated factors. Material and methodsThe survey, conducted by the Young Neurosurgeon Committee of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies, gathered responses from 232 participants. The survey included demographics, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Survey (CIPS), and an analysis of potential compensatory mechanisms. ResultsNearly 94% of respondents exhibited signs of IS, with the majority experiencing moderate (36.21%) or frequent (40.52%) symptoms. Analyses revealed associations between IS and factors such as level of experience, sex, and board-certification. Discussion and conclusionThe findings suggest a significant prevalence of IS among young neurosurgeons, with notable associations with sex and level of experience. Compensatory mechanisms, such as working hours, article reading, and participation in events, did not show significant correlations with IS. Notably, male sex emerged as an independent protective factor against frequent/intense IS, while reading more than five articles per week was identified as a risk factor. The identification of protective and risk factors, particularly the influence of gender and reading habits, contributes valuable insights for developing targeted interventions to mitigate IS and improve the well-being of neurosurgeons.

Towards harmonized laboratory methodologies in veterinary clinical bacteriology: outcomes of a European survey.

Veterinary clinical microbiology laboratories play a key role in antimicrobial stewardship, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and prevention of healthcare associated-infections. However, there is a shortage of international harmonized guidelines covering all steps of veterinary bacterial culture from sample receipt to reporting. In order to gain insights, the European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Treatment (ENOVAT) designed an online survey focused on the practices and interpretive criteria used for bacterial culture and identification (C&ID), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of animal bacterial pathogens. A total of 241 microbiology laboratories in 34 European countries completed the survey, representing a mixture of academic (37.6%), governmental (27.4%), and private (26.5%) laboratories. The C&ID turnaround varied from 1 to 2 days (77.8%) to 3-5 days (20%), and 6- 8 days (1.6%), with similar timeframes for AST. Individual biochemical tests and analytical profile index (API) biochemical test kits or similar were the most frequent tools used for bacterial identification (77% and 56.2%, respectively), followed by PCR (46.6%) and MALDI-TOF MS (43.3%). For AST, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion (DD) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination were conducted by 43.8% and 32.6% of laboratories, respectively, with a combination of EUCAST and CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs) preferred for interpretation of the DD (41.2%) and MIC (47.6%) results. In the absence of specific CBPs, laboratories used human CBPs (53.3%) or veterinary CBPs representing another body site, organism or animal species (51.5%). Importantly, most laboratories (47.9%) only report the qualitative interpretation of the result (S, R, and I). As regards testing for AMR mechanisms, 48.5% and 46.7% of laboratories routinely screened isolates for methicillin resistance and ESBL production, respectively. Notably, selective reporting of AST results (i.e. excluding highest priority critically important antimicrobials from AST reports) was adopted by 39.5% of laboratories despite a similar proportion not taking any approach (37.6%) to guide clinicians towards narrower-spectrum or first-line antibiotics. In conclusion, we identified a broad variety of methodologies and interpretative criteria used for C&ID and AST in European veterinary microbiological diagnostic laboratories. The observed gaps in veterinary microbiology practices emphasize a need to improve and harmonize professional training, innovation, bacterial culture methods and interpretation, AMR surveillance and reporting strategies.

THE HIGH-TECH ELITE? ASSESSING VALUE PRIORITIES OF TECHIES USING THE EUROPEAN SOCIAL SURVEY 2012-2020

Using data from the European Value Survey 2012-2020 and Schwartz’s theory of basic values, this paper aims to map the value priorities of people working in tech compared to the general population, understand to what extent those value priorities differ from value priorities of other occupational elites, and how they vary among techies, focusing particularly on developers as a sub-group. Our preliminary findings suggest that compared to the general population, techies tend to prioritize openness to change and to value self enhancement. We also demonstrate that when viewed as a single group, the overall makeup of values of the techies is similar to that of other occupational elites. Yet, the dynamics between individual values among the techies differ from those of other occupational elites and when we separate Developers from other ICT specialists, the Developers appear more extreme in their tendency to negatively value conservation and positively value self-enhancement. Our preliminary results offer potential takeaways for research, policy, and education.

Determinants of workload-related clinician stress levels in general hospital consultation liaison psychiatry services during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Ireland. Short report

ObjectiveTo explore workload-related stress levels experienced by consultation liaison psychiatry (CLP) staff in England and Ireland, and factors relevant to such a burden, during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsData were obtained for England and Ireland from a European survey among CLP services in general hospitals spread via CLP networks (11th June - 3rd October 2021). The heads of respective CLP services in general hospitals responded on behalf of each service, on 100 CLP hospital staff in total. Dependent variable: workload-related stress levels in CLP services due to COVID-19 (0–10 point scale). Independent variables: hospital size, CLP service size, degree of hospital involvement in COVID-19-related care, and the number of support options available to hospital staff. Spearman's rho correlation analyses were performed. ResultsThere was a significant association between the hospital's involvement in COVID-19-related care and workload-related stress levels as reported by CLP staff: r(22) = 0.41, p = 0.045, R2 = 0.17. There were no significant associations between workload-related stress levels and other variables including staff support (p = 0.74). ConclusionOur findings suggest that perceived workload-related stress levels of CLP staff during the COVID-19 pandemic can be an indicator of COVID-19 involvement of the hospitals. Staff support seemed not to alleviate work stress in the context of the pandemic. Healthcare policies should improve working conditions for CLP hospital staff that play an essential role from a population health perspective. Rigorous measures may be needed to ensure mental healthcare provision remains tenable and sustainable in the long term.

Darbo ir laisvalaikio pusiausvyros paieškos iš kartų kaitos Lietuvos visuomenėje perspektyvos

Work and leisure are interlinked and mutually determining spheres of human life, both of which are socially constructed concepts that depend on a variety of cultural, social and economic factors. In contemporary society, the balance between work and leisure is particularly relevant in the light of various social, economic and technological changes, such as the intensification of work, the constant accessibility of workers to smart communication devices, the blurring of the boundaries between professional and private time, the introduction of flexible forms of work organisation, etc. The pursuit of work-life balance is therefore even becoming a kind of cultural value imperative aimed at ensuring individual and societal well-being. Using empirical data from the European Values Survey spanning almost three decades (1990-2017), this paper analyses the dynamics of value orientations related to work and leisure in Lithuania, in order to see how the importance of these areas of life and the perception of their relationship to each other is changing in different groups of the population, and how this is related to the change of generations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, nonparametric covariance analysis and multiple group comparison test and revealed significant differences in value attitudes related to work and leisure and their interrelationship in different social generations in Lithuania, suggesting that, while the importance of work itself has remained essentially unchanged, we are witnessing a profound cultural change, manifested as a broadening of the spectrum of expectations related to work and a search for a better work-life balance.

Prevention and treatment of pericardial tamponade in the electrophysiology laboratory: a European Heart Rhythm Association survey.

Pericardial tamponade (PT) is the most frequent severe complication during electrophysiology (EP) procedures and requires immediate, co-ordinated, and effective treatment. However, multiple aspects of PT treatment are either not standardized or are under ongoing debate. An online questionnaire consisting of 26 multiple-choice questions was sent out to the European Heart Rhythm (EHRA) Research Network and also distributed via social media outputs. The EHRA survey was conducted between May and June 2023. A total of 213 replies were received from European (87%) and non-European countries. Ninety per cent of all participants perform interventions in dedicated EP labs equipped with different ablation platforms. In case of PT, most participants use X-ray as the main imaging modality guiding pericardial puncture, predominantly aiming for an anterior puncture site. Sheaths of different sizes are introduced into the pericardial space (84.3%), followed by a pigtail catheter. Application of protamine is an established but variable step in the majority (84.6%). Novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) antidotes are not used by 73.3% of participants, while 15.2% routinely apply them. Re-transfusion of aspirated blood is performed by 72.1% [before protamine administration (18.2%), after protamine administration (13.5%), if pericardial effusion cannot be controlled (40.4%)]. A total of 72.4% re-transfuse without blood filter systems. A decision for surgical intervention is mostly taken if bleeding continues despite all interventional measures. The current survey demonstrates that the management of PT is heterogeneous among centres. The findings of this survey may help to guide operators in their treatment and decisions in the setting of PT.

Pobreza energética y salud en población gitana y en población general de España

ObjectiveTo quantify energy poverty in Roma population and in general population in Spain, in 2016, as well as to observe the association of this phenomenon with self-rated health, adjusted according to the main socio-economic determinants. MethodEnergy poverty has been defined as the financial inability to keep a home warm, the presence of dampness in the dwelling and falling into arrears in utility bills, using data from two European surveys from Spain in 2016: the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the Second Survey on Minorities and Discrimination (EU-MIDIS II). Hierarchical logistic regression models were estimated with self-rated health as the outcome variable, progressively adjusted according to demographic (gender and age), environmental (household temperature, humidity and arrears in utility bills) and socio-economic (level of education, marital status and employment status) variables. ResultsOur results show that 45% of the Roma population had moderate or high levels of energy poverty. The odds ratio (OR) of poor self-rated health was higher in the Roma population (OR: 3.11; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.59–3.74). The inability to maintain an adequate indoor temperature significantly increased the risk of poor health (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.90–2.32). After adjusting according to demographic, environmental and socio-economic variables, no association was observed between the population of ascription and self-rated health. ConclusionsTaking into account the main social determinants, including energy poverty indicators, being Roma is not associated with reporting poor health. This result points to the importance of tackling socio-economic factors, including energy poverty, to reduce health inequalities.

LATE WORKING LIFE IN THE TRIPLE TRANSITION AND THE GLOBAL PERMACRISIS

Abstract Late working life faces multiple challenges in the triple transition of demographic, technological and environmental change and the global permacrisis. This contribution provides a conceptual framework for research on the significance of extended late work for the sustainability, equity, inclusion, and productivity of aging societies, based on an understanding of the three major long-term shifts as a complex triple transition with potentials and challenges for societies, economies, employers, and individuals. This triple transition is embedded in an ongoing and even accelerating societal and economic permacrisis with increased social risks and limited predictability, in which resilience – of economies, life-courses and welfare states - gains importance, while the dominant tetrad of sustainability, equity, inclusion and productivity remains on the European social and economic policy agenda. The presentation introduces a review of European policy reports on aging and late work and introduces results from the research programme EIWO (www.eiwoproject.org) based on Swedish register information and European survey data to illustrate trends and gaps in European late work, research, and policy. The presentation discusses age integration of life and work courses as a systematic strategy to promote quality of life as well as social sustainability, equity, inclusion and productivity and resilience. Participants will gain an understanding of the conceptualization and implementation of gerontological multi-level research on the macro- and micro-social relevance of late working life in the triple transition and the global permacrisis.

Immigration and health outcomes: A study on native health perception and limitations in Europe

This study examines the impact of immigration on the self-perceived health of natives in 16 European countries from 2006 to 2018. Utilizing data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and the European Union Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS), we focus on two health outcomes: natives’ self-perceived health and health-related limitations in daily activities. Contrary to concerns, our findings indicate a positive influence of immigration on natives’ health perception and a reduction in health-related limitations. Noteworthy variations by gender and age emerge, with more pronounced benefits in countries with lower human capital. These results underscore the potential health advantages of immigration, emphasizing the necessity for nuanced immigration policies that consider societal impact and call for a comprehensive evaluation of immigration’s effects.

Implementation of dosimetry for molecular radiotherapy; results from a European survey

PurposeThe use of molecular radiotherapy (MRT) has been rapidly evolving over the last years. The aim of this study was to assess the current implementation of dosimetry for MRTs in Europe. MethodsA web-based questionnaire was open for treating centres between April and June 2022, and focused on 2020–2022. Questions addressed the application of 16 different MRTs, the availability and involvement of medical physicists, software used, quality assurance, as well as the target regions for dosimetry, whether treatment planning and/or verification were performed, and the dosimetric methods used. ResultsA total of 173 responses suitable for analysis was received from centres performing MRT, geographically distributed over 27 European countries. Of these, 146 centres (84 %) indicated to perform some form of dosimetry, and 97 % of these centres had a medical physicist available and almost always involved in dosimetry. The most common MRTs were 131I-based treatments for thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, and [223Ra]RaCl2 for bone metastases. The implementation of dosimetry varied widely between therapies, from almost all centres performing dosimetry-based planning for microsphere treatments to none for some of the less common treatments (like 32P sodium-phosphate for myeloproliferative disease and [89Sr]SrCl2 for bone metastases). ConclusionsOver the last years, implementation of dosimetry, both for pre-therapeutic treatment planning and post-therapy absorbed dose verification, increased for several treatments, especially for microsphere treatments. For other treatments that have moved from research to clinical routine, the use of dosimetry decreased in recent years. However, there are still large differences both across and within countries.

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in right heart-sided electrophysiological procedures: results of an European Heart Rhythm Association survey.

Limited data are available regarding venous thromboembolism (VTE), specifically deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), following right-sided ablations and electrophysiological (EP) studies. Compared to left-sided procedures, no guidelines on antithrombotic management strategies for the prevention of DVT and PE are available. The main purpose of the present European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) survey is to report the current management of right-sided EP procedures, focusing on anticoagulation and prevention of VTE. An online survey was conducted using the EHRA infrastructure. A total of 244 participants answered a 19-items questionnaire on the periprocedural management of EP studies and right-sided catheter ablations. The right femoral vein is the most common access for EP studies and right-sided procedures. An ultrasound-guided approach is employed by more than 2/3 of respondents. Intravenous heparin is not commonly given by the majority of participants. About 1/3 of participants (34%) routinely prescribe VTE prophylaxis during (mostly aspirin and low molecular weight heparin) and 1/4 of respondents (25%) commonly prescribe VTE prophylaxis after discharge (mostly aspirin). Of note, respectively 13% and 9% of participants observed at least one DVT and one PE related to right-sided ablation or EP study within the last year in their center. The present survey shows that only a minority of operators routinely gives intraprocedural intravenous heparin and prescribes VTE prophylaxis after right-sided EP procedures. Compared to left-sided procedures like atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, there are no consistent systematic antithrombotic management strategies.

Modern tools in congenital heart disease imaging and procedure planning: a European survey.

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) often show a complex 3D anatomy that must be well understood to assess the pathophysiological consequences and to guide therapy. Three-dimensional imaging technologies have the potential to enhance the physician's comprehension of such spatially complex anatomies. Unfortunately, due to the new introduction in clinical practice, there is no evidence on the current applications. We conducted a survey to examine how 3D technologies are currently used among CHD European centres. Data were collected using an online self-administered survey via SurveyMonkey. The questionnaire was sent via e-mail and the responses were collected between January and June 2022. Ninety-eight centres correctly completed the survey. Of these, 22 regularly perform 3D rotational angiography, 43 have the availability to print in-silico models, and 22 have the possibility to visualize holographic imaging/virtual reality. The costs were mostly covered by the hospital or the department of financial resources. From our survey, it emerges that these technologies are quite spread across Europe, despite not being part of a routine practice. In addition, there are still not enough data supporting the improvement of clinical management for CHD patients. For this reason, further studies are needed to develop clinical recommendations for the use of 3D imaging technologies in medical practice.

Reference values of serum total IgE in Uppsala – comparison over four decades

Background: Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) analysis is a common tool in allergy diagnosis. Suggested reference values for IgE are divergent and sometimes based on outdated assay methods. We aimed to validate the published reference values (geometric mean [GM]: 13.2 kU/L, upper limit of normal [ULN], 114 kU/L) shown in an Uppsala cohort from 1974 using Phadebas IgE PRIST, and the suggested clinical threshold of 100 kU/L (Zetterström and Johansson 1981).&#x0D; Methods: Immunoglobulin E was measured in two Uppsala cohorts from 1997 (Blood bank) and 2011 to 2013 (the European community respiratory health survey part III [ECRHS III]) using ImmunoCAP™ Total IgE. For the reference value calculations, exclusion criteria were atopy (both cohorts), doctor’s diagnosis of asthma and self-reported allergy (hay fever, rhinitis, rash) (only ECRHS III). Upper limit of normal was defined as mean + 2 standard deviations (SD) calculated using log-transformed values and back-transformation of the ULN prior to presentation. Common imputation methods for results below the assay range were evaluated.&#x0D; Results: The average GM was 14.2 kU/L (Blood bank, n = 63; imputation method range: 16.9–17.4 kU/L; ECRHS III, n = 113: 10.7–11.6 kU/L) and the overall mean ULN was 118 kU/L (Blood bank: 113–130 kU/L; ECRHS III: 104–128 kU/L). The clinical sensitivity and specificity of the 100 kU/L IgE threshold were 37.8 and 94.3% for atopy, 34.9 and 89.5% for doctor’s diagnosis of asthma, and 24.5 and 97.3% for any self-reported allergy (ECRHS III).&#x0D; Conclusion: The calculated ULN values were similar between the cohorts. We conclude that the total IgE reference values shown for Uppsala subjects from 1974 are still valid and suitable also for the ImmunoCAP Total IgE assay. The 100 kU/L threshold for total IgE had a low sensitivity but high specificity for atopy, asthma, and allergy.

On working from home in European countries

PurposeThe authors analyzed the evolution of working from home (WFH) within industries in 12 European countries in the period 2008–2017 and studied its relationship with information and communication technologies (ICT).Design/methodology/approachThe authors used data from the European Union Labour Force Survey (EU-LFS) to document the trends and levels of WFH within industries in 12 European countries. The authors further used the EU-KLEMS database and a difference-in-difference approach to study whether the fall in prices of ICT is associated with a higher share of employees who work from home in industries that depend more on ICT relative to industries that depend less.FindingsThe authors show that WFH has increased almost everywhere and that there is significant heterogeneity across industries. The authors provide evidence that the fall in prices of ICT is associated with a higher share of employees who work from home in industries that depend more on ICT relative to industries that depend less. This result also holds within age, gender and occupation groups. While the authors find no significant differences among gender and occupation groups, the positive association between the fall in ICT prices and WFH increases with age.Originality/valueThis paper has two main contributions: First, it reports that WFH has increased in European countries in the period 2008–2017. Second, it provides new explorations about the relationship between ICT and WFH by using the price variation of ICT.