Survey Of Vendors Research Articles

Case of Lajpat Nagar Market in New Delhi: Creation and Execution of a Street Vendor Survey for Observing Public Health and Order in a Non-Vending Zone

The Lajpat Nagar market had been made a no-vending zone after the 1996 bomb blasts, as vending, along with other issues, blocked the way of emergency services. In 2014, a street vending law was passed in India to make street vending a right to livelihood under Section 19 (1) (g) of the Constitution of India. After court intervention, the area remains a no-vending zone. Yet, the study found 522 street vendors in the market. A method to observe street vendors was developed using the street vending law and its related rules, and this was tested in the Lajpat Nagar (Central) market. The street vending law places upon the vendor a duty to maintain public order and public health. This is done by preventing blockages to public roads/footpaths and ensuring cleanliness by placing dustbins respectively. It was found that there was no universal compliance with the same, and due to the market being a no-vending zone, the enforcement of the street vending law may be difficult, as it is not valid in the first place. 24.9 percent of vendors blocked footpaths, and 17.6 percent appeared to be without dustbins. Either the enforcement of the no-vending policy should be fully done, or else vending must be regulated with duties of the vendors towards public health and public order. The latter may prevent any theoretically possible scope of extortion from the vendors by some fringe elements of the municipality or the law enforcement agencies, or other forms of corruption. _KEYWORDS: Street Vendors, Right to Livelihood, Public Health, Public Order, Central Market, Pushpa Market, Lajpat Nagar, 1996 Bomb Blasts, Delhi High Court, Street Vendors, Squatters, No-vending zone._

Environmental Sustainability of Food Environments: Development and Application of a Framework in 4 cities in South Asia

BackgroundFood environments, where people directly engage with broader food systems, may be an important contributor to the environmental sustainability of food systems. ObjectivesThe primary objectives of this study were to establish a new food environment framework that considers environmental indicators and to assess data availability and gaps using data previously collected as part of a food systems survey in 4 South Asian cities. MethodsThe framework was developed by conducting a structured literature review of previous food environment frameworks and in-depth interviews with content experts (n = 6). The framework and indicators were then mapped to data collected by consumer and vendor surveys using the Urban Food Systems Assessment Tool (UFSAT) in Ahmedabad (India), Pune (India), Kathmandu (Nepal), and Pokhara (Nepal). ResultsWe have expanded the sustainability domain within food environments to include consumer travel to food vendors, the presence of food delivery services, policies related to sustainability, vendor food waste, vendor plastic use, vendor utility usage, vendor recycling and waste management practices, and food packaging. Mapping the framework to existing data from 4 cities in South Asia, we found variations in food environment sustainability indicators, particularly regarding consumer transportation to food vendors, the presence of delivery services, and food waste. ConclusionsAlthough the majority of food environment research focuses on the availability and affordability of healthy foods, there is an urgent need to understand better how aspects of food environments contribute to environmental goals. When mapping the framework to existing food systems data, we found gaps in data on environmental sustainability in food environments and variation in indicators across settings.

Training and tool supply to enhance food safety behaviors among ready-to-eat chicken vendors in informal markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: A randomized-controlled trial

In Burkina Faso, street food vendors are key in ensuring food safety in urban markets, particularly within the poultry value chain. The sale of high-risk ready-to-eat chicken by these vendors poses substantial health hazards, emphasizing the urgency for capacity-building to enhance food safety practices. This study evaluated the effect of a participatory interactive three-day training program coupled with tool supply on self-reported and observed behavior, and knowledge, attitudes, and cognitions of vendors of ready-to-eat chicken meat in Ouagadougou's informal markets. A two-armed RCT was conducted, including pre- and post-training vendor surveys, along with direct outlet observations. Total sample size comprised 162 vendors, with 72 in the treatment group and 90 in the control group. Self-reported behavior - measured on a five-point scale - significantly improved in the treatment group including higher frequency of mask wearing (1.8 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.2, p < 0.001) and inspecting nail hygiene (4.3 ± 0.8 vs. 4.7 ± 0.6, p < 0.001). Treatment outlets improved on securing adequate evisceration platforms (1.3 ± 0.6 vs. 1.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.054), regular carcass water renewal (61.8% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.038), and handwashing during carcass management (1.1 ± 0.5 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.008). Better adherence to handwashing (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3, p = 0.051), fork use (58.9% vs. 41.8%, p = 0.029), proper handwashing facilities (38.4% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.014), and waste management (64.4% vs. 37.8%, p < 0.001) were observed in treatment outlets. Trained vendors scored significantly higher than controls on knowledge (effect size 0.75, p < 0.001). Vendors rated the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, trust in materials/tools - measured on a five-point scale - as high, and perceived mean increased daily profits (21,242 FCFA) and number of customers (8.3) following training. In conclusion, training combined with a tool package proved effective in fostering significant food safety behavior changes, underscoring its substantial impact beyond just knowledge enhancement. For lasting behavior changes, ongoing training and support, an enabling environment, and strong incentives that prioritize vendor food safety behaviors in informal markets are crucial.

Association of socioeconomic disadvantage with lower patient satisfaction at an academic radiation oncology center.

347 Background: The correlation between socioeconomic status and healthcare outcomes is well-established. Patient satisfaction serves as a crucial indicator of healthcare quality, however, it is unclear if patient satisfaction relates to patient socioeconomic status. To assess socioeconomic status, the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is utilized, encompassing factors such as income, education, employment, and housing quality to measure the status of a neighborhood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if there was a correlation between socioeconomic status and the likelihood a patient would recommend the facility or provider. Methods: This is a single-institution study evaluating the responses to a CMS approved patient satisfaction vendor survey of patients seen at an outpatient academic radiation oncology department from May 2021 through March 2023. ADI was collected using the Neighborhood Atlas, including both national percentiles and state deciles, with the higher values indicating greater socioeconomic disadvantage. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) logistic regression analyses were conducted using the survey recommendation scores between 0 and 10 as the primary outcome. We used the score ≥9 to represent increased likelihood for recommendation for facility or provider and &lt;9 represented decreased likelihood. Results: There were 5,403 survey results included in our analysis. The mean state and national ADI in our cohort were 3.9 (range 1-10) and 50.35, respectively. Patients with state and national ADI scores below the mean were more likely to recommend the provider than those above the mean, 95.6% versus 93.6% (p=0.002) and 95.8% versus 93.6% (p&lt;0.001), respectively. There was no difference in the likelihood of recommending the facility between the groups. On univariate analysis state ADI &lt;3.9 (OR 1.46, p=0.016) and national ADI &lt;50.35 (OR 1.43, p=0.023) were associated with increased likelihood to recommend the facility or provider. On multivariate analysis, state ADI &lt;3.9 (OR 1.44, p=0.018) and national ADI &lt;50.35 (OR 1.40, p=0.033) remained significant. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the significance of socioeconomic status as an independent factor influencing patient satisfaction and their likelihood to recommend a healthcare provider. Providers should consider the unique needs of socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals.

Seeing is not always believing: Insights on IoT manufacturing from firmware composition analysis and vendor survey

Attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices have become increasingly sophisticated. However, there exist few comprehensive security investigations of IoT devices. We conducted a large-scale systematic investigation by assessing IoT firmware and follow-up survey with professionals involved in IoT-device manufacturing to understand the factors that prevent software security of IoT devices. Consequently, we discovered that many IoT devices continue to use old processor architecture and operating systems that are unable to efficiently use existing attack-mitigation features. Furthermore, we demonstrated that software patches are sometimes implicitly applied without changing the software version number (implicit patching); this may generate false positives in existing vulnerability assessments relying on software versions. On the basis of a follow-up survey, we determined technical and contractual constraints to IoT security emanating from the supply chain in the IoT device manufacturing industry. Based on the results, we discuss challenges associated with secure IoT manufacturing in the IoT-device supply chain.

Food price and availability in Solomon Islands during COVID-19: A food environment survey.

Background: In Solomon Islands, the retail food environment is an important food source, for instance, the dominant source of fresh fruit and vegetables for urban consumers is open markets. The effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures (such as restriction of human movement and border closures) in early 2020 placed food security at risk in many parts of the community. Of particular concern was the risk of price gouging in an already price-sensitive market. Aims: The study aimed to provide rapid and policy-relevant information on the pricing of foods in the urban food environment in Solomon Islands in the context of the unfolding COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A vendor survey was conducted in July to August 2020 and repeated in July 2021 using a survey tool that collected information on type, quantity, and price of food on offer. Findings: We found price reductions among the majority of fresh fruit and non-starchy vegetables available. A trend of rising prices was reported for some other commodities, such as fresh locally caught fish. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the impact of 'schocks to the system' on food prices as a potential barrier or enabler to consumption of fresh foods purchased from urban areas - an important finding in a price sensitive market. The survey design was successful in collecting pricing data from the retail food environment during a time of external 'shock to the system'. Our approach is applicable to other settings needing a rapid survey of the external food environment.

Microbiological and Nutritional Quality of Complementary Foods for Children (6 to 24 months) Produced in the City of Man (Côte d'Ivoire)

This study aims to determine the microbiological and nutritional quality of complementary foods for children produced in the city of Man (instant flour and porridge). To do this, a structured survey of nannies and vendors, coupled with microbiological and physicochemical analyzes was carried out. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted among nannies and porridge sellers in order to collect information on the use of complementary foods and to assess the state of cleanliness of the sales environment. A study of physicochemical (carbohydrates, lipids, humidity, ash, minerals) and microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic flora, yeasts and molds, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp. and Salmonella sp.) characteristics using standard methods and referenced was then conducted to assess the nutritional value and health status of the porridges (Millet, Kokobaka, Anagobaka) and flours from the Focolari center consumed in Man. The survey data showed that the majority of the of nannies (61.1%) give a complementary food before the age of introduction (6 months), with regard to the saleswomen (100%) unaware of the proportion of the components and their nutritional intake as well as 54.8% of them have an unhealthy work place and environment. The microbiological analysis carried out on the 50 samples revealed a potential contamination of spoilage and pathogenic germs. The contamination rate of Anagobaka porridge is very worrying unlike other porridges and flours, especially with the presence of salmonella, the high rate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively (3.91×103 ± 0.09 and 5.34×104 ± 0.10 CFU/mL).) Regarding the nutritional analysis, there is a content of carbohydrates (70.17-85.08%), lipids (6.93-10.40%) and iron (30.64-64.34%) higher than those recommended by the FAO/WHO standard in the 6 types of samples analyzed. However, the zinc content is below this standard in all the samples tested. However, zinc deficiency is one of the main causes of stunted growth in children. All these results have shed light on the existence of a potential health risk and possible nutritional deficiencies in infants and young children who consume locally produced complementary foods.

The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Consumer Spending in Flea Markets Evidence in Thailand

The current COVID-19 pandemic affects all segments of the economic system. In many countries, the governments have announced a country-wide shut down and adopted various COVID-19 preventive measures to control the spread. The public health and economic crisis change consumer behaviour. People reduce shopping frequency and shift to stores closer to their homes. This directly affects the business sector. The goal of this research is to examine factors influencing the purchase decision of flea-market consumers. This research implements a mixed-method vendor survey to study the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the purchase decision based on four factors in the marketing mix, which consists of product, price, promotion and place. For flea markets in Thailand, the place has no statistical significance. Understanding consumer behaviour can increase selling channels for vendors. In addition, online selling is not only an option that helps vendors to increase their sales, but also a way to survive in the COVID-19 crisis.

Street vending, vulnerability and exclusion during the COVID-19 pandemic: the case of Cali, Colombia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound effect on livelihoods everywhere, but especially in the informal economy where crucial forms of protection and security are often absent. A detailed understanding of the impacts for informal workers, the public policy approaches that could most effectively respond to their needs, and the barriers to such policy, is urgently needed. This paper discusses the results of a 2021 street vendor survey in Cali, Colombia, focusing on (1) vendors’ socioeconomic circumstances and (2) their political engagement and attitudes on key policy and governance issues. It argues that while the pandemic and the government responses to it negatively impacted street vendors, there are steps that government could have taken, and can still take, to address vendors’ needs and priorities. To ensure a just, equitable, sustainable recovery, and to protect economically marginalized groups from future crises, informal workers must be more meaningfully included in decision-making processes.

Real-World Surveillance of FDA-Cleared Artificial Intelligence Models: Rationale and Logistics.

Real-World Surveillance of FDA-Cleared Artificial Intelligence Models: Rationale and Logistics.

Modelling of Indian vendors posture using rapid upper limb assessment (RULA)

Ergonomics is an interdisciplinary subject that deals with human interaction with computers, malfunctions, machines, products, and services. For the past two decades it has played a major role in human interaction systems, redesigning many workstations to improve human health and their livelihoods in the context of currency analysis. As per the (MHUPI) ministry of housing and urban poverty alleviation, Govt. of India, there are 10 lakh street merchants operating across the country, of which about 20% are street food vendors. Most of the street vendors are working 8–10 h a day to tell the currency with strange posture. Repetitive work and awkward posture cause many people to experience the ill effects of outer muscle issues (MSD) and business-related constant wounds. This research has been carried out posture risk assessment Indian food street vendors. The risk assessment of MSD was performed on RULA, which based on the questionnaire survey, anthropometry data and posture of vendors. 32 responses were collected and applied on RULA assessment @ CATIA-V5 Software. This study shows the requirement of cart or workstation redesign which are highly expected for un-organized sectors to up-liftment of vendor’s life.

The impact of public health sector stockouts on private sector prices and access to healthcare: Evidence from the anti-malarial drug market

In developing countries, public sector health facilities frequently run out of essential medicines (“stockouts”). I test whether anti-malarial drug stockouts affect prices, quality, and overall access to anti-malarial drugs in private sector outlets in Uganda. I combine data from four sources: 1) standardized patient drug purchases; 2) vendor surveys; 3) real customer surveys; 4) public sector supply delivery dates. Using a difference-in-differences approach, I find that stockouts increase private-sector antimalarial drug prices by $0.68, or 35 percent. I find few changes in quality. Real customer characteristics change, suggesting that stockouts lead less educated and poorer customers to drop out of the market. Analysis using the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey additionally shows stockouts reduce treatment at public sector facilities and reduce the likelihood that children receive medicine. My results suggest that stockouts increase prices in the private sector and lead to less equitable health outcomes.

Pilot Development of a Critical Food Safety Message Visual Communication Tool for Farmers’ Market Vendors

Farmers’ markets are popular sources of fresh and ready-to-eat foods for consumers in the United States. However, research indicates that food safety practices of vendors and their employees serve as a concern for customers. This pilot study focused on assessing a visual-based, minimal-text educational tool that was disseminated to farmers’ market vendors and employees (n = 27) in Iowa. The tool was evaluated using a post-intervention survey of vendors’ and employees’ knowledge of food safety practices and their attitudes towards the educational tool. The results did not show a statistically significant increase in attitude and knowledge scores of farmers’ market vendors and employees for participants that reported seeing the food safety tool versus those that did not. However, participants did respond favorably to the food safety tool’s informative content and visual format; many indicated an interest in using the tool in their stalls in the future. The results suggest that farmers’ markets vendors and employees feel favorably towards the use of visual tools in the communication and promotion of safe food handling practices.

Compliance with national tobacco control legislation: a survey of tobacco vendors of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Introduction: Tobacco remains the world’s leading preventable cause of death, with the majority of tobacco-caused deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The Government of Pakistan 2002 Prohibition of Smoking in Enclosed Places and Protection of Non-smokers Health Ordinance comprehensively prohibits all kinds of tobacco advertisement, sponsorship, and ban of selling cigarettes to minors, near the vicinity of educational institutes and to sell tobacco without a license. However, it is a common observation that tobacco vendors do not comply with the policy.&#x0D; Objective: To assess the compliance with anti-tobacco laws by tobacco vendors in the city of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 145 shops across 2 jurisdictions (Hayatabad and Peshawar city) of Peshawar. The implementations of tobacco laws like advertisement, tobacco selling to minors (&lt;18 years) and tobacco selling in the vicinity of educational institutes were assessed through a self-structured questionnaire. The data were transferred and analyzed through SPSS version 22 for descriptive statistics.&#x0D; Results: The most common method of advertisement of tobacco products was stickers (33.3%) followed by dangles (29.6%) and product showcasing (15.7%). The percentage of tobacco sold to minors was 63%; 42% vendors were near the educational institutes. The selected shops were selling smokeless tobacco (82.6% shops) as well, alongside cigarettes. Unlicensed shops were 97.9% which approximately makes the whole of the sample size.&#x0D; Conclusion: The compliance of tobacco vendors in Peshawar towards tobacco law is very poor. Also, the sale of tobacco to minors was found to be a routine occurrence.

Offshore Software Maintenance Outsourcing: Predicting Client’s Proposal using Supervised Learning

In software engineering, software maintenance is the process of correction, updating, and improvement of software products after handed over to the customer. Through offshore software maintenance outsourcing (OSMO) clients can get advantages like reduce cost, save time, and improve quality. In most cases, the OSMO vendor generates considerable revenue. However, the selection of an appropriate proposal among multiple clients is one of the critical problems for OSMO vendors. The purpose of this paper is to suggest an effective machine learning technique that can be used by OSMO vendors to assess or predict the OSMO client’s proposal. The dataset is generated through a survey of OSMO vendors working in a developing country. The results showed that supervised learning-based classifiers like Naïve Bayesian, SMO, Logistics apprehended 69.75 %, 81.81 %, and 87.27 % testing accuracy respectively. This study concludes that supervised learning is the most suitable technique to predict the OSMO client's proposal.

Virtual barriers: unpacking the sustainability implications of online food spaces and the Yellowknife Farmers Market\u2019s response to COVID-19

BackgroundThrough their support of local agriculture, relationships, and healthy diets, farmers markets can contribute to a sustainable food system. Markets like the Yellowknife Farmers Market (YKFM) are social spaces that support local food, yet the COVID-19 pandemic has forced changes to their current model. We explore the potential of online marketplaces to contribute to a resilient, sustainable food system through a case study of the YKFM.MethodsIn 2019, a collaborative mixed-method evaluation was initiated by the YKFM and university partners in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. The evaluation included an in-person Rapid Market Assessment dot survey and questionnaire of market patrons from two YKFM dates prior to the pandemic. Due to COVID-19, a vendor survey and interviews were deferred. Data collected from the two patron surveys, alongside researcher observations, available literature, public announcements, and informal email and phone discussions, inform the discussion.ResultsFor the patron surveys, 59 dot survey and 31 questionnaire participants were recruited. The top motivators for attendance were eating dinner, atmosphere, and supporting local businesses, and most patrons attended as couples and spent over half of their time talking to others. The YKFM did not move online; instead, they proposed and implemented a “Shop, don’t stop” market. Informal conversations suggested the small scale of the market and technology challenges were perceived barriers to moving online. The physically-distanced market was well-attended and featured in local media.ConclusionsNWT food strategies rely on farmers markets to nurture a local food system. Data suggest a potential incongruence between an online model and important market characteristics such as the event-like atmosphere. Available literature suggests online markets can support local food by facilitating purchasing and knowledge-sharing, yet they do not replicate the open-air or social experience. The decision not to move online for the YKFM reflects market patron characteristics and current food context in Yellowknife and the NWT. While online adaptation does not fit into the YKFM plan today, online markets may prove useful as a complementary strategy for future emerging stressors to enhance the resiliency of local systems.

The Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) in Dar es Salaam: A Pilot Study on Critical Infrastructure, Sustainable Urban Development and Livelihoods

Inner-city transportation looms large in big cities in the so-called Global South due to rapid population and urban growth. To tackle this challenge, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system was implemented in Dar es Salaam (Tanzania) in 2016. This paper reports on the results of a pilot study on the impacts of the BRT on city development and livelihoods in Dar. Our pilot study, which is part of the collaborative research project LIPSINDAR (Linking Partners for a Sustainable and Inclusive Dar es Salaam), was not designed to provide a comprehensive insight into the problems of urban planning, infrastructure modification and their impact on urban livelihoods. Rather, using the example of Dar es Salaam, the study served as an entry point to highlight challenges and future research demands in the context of urban insecurities and risks in large cities of the Global South. In particular, our study investigated the BRT as an element of critical infrastructure in Dar es Salaam and probed into its impact on residents’ livelihoods, focusing on the influence of service disruptions on everyday routines, and on different stakeholders’ views on the functionality of the BRT. Elaborating on this topic, interviews, street vendor surveys and mappings were used as methods to describe the processes. To examine the results more closely, the outcome was divided into groups of different fields of activity, namely Traffic Management, Local Residents, City Administration, Basic Provision Services and Street Vendors. In summary, the pilot study confirms that the implementation of the BRT system has, in general, served to improve urban livelihoods. Reducing commuting times and enhancing access to basic services found positive results. There is, however, still potential for improvement: the bus network, in particular, needs to be expanded and the vulnerability to natural extreme events, especially flooding, needs to be addressed.

Food Security and Asset Creation in Solomon Islands: Gender and the Political Economy of Agricultural Production for Honiara Central Market

This article presents data from a 2017 survey of vendors selling fresh produce at the Honiara Central Market (HCM) over a twelve week period from July-September. It aims to understand the economic contribution of vendors to their communities, and in particular of producer-vendors. Detailed geospatial mapping of the origin of produce sold at HCM illustrates the scope of production for market. Data shows that 70 percent of all produce comes from villages on Guadalcanal to the east of Honiara, with intensive production for market also to the West of Honiara, from Central Province (Savo, Nggelas), and important market trade from parts of Malaita, and New Georgia. There is very limited engagement with HCM from Choiseul and Temotu, and none from Makira and Renbel. The data also indicates that the majority of producer-vendors at the HCM are women, and that the average sale of fresh produce on Fridays generates amounts of income higher than the minimum daily wage. We examine these findings using a lens of food security with a focus on asset creation. We show the economic benefit of market selling for women tends to involve lower value crops of leafy greens, nuts, fruits and root vegetables, while men are more dominant in the lucrative cash crops such as melon.

The Inclusion of Young Entrepreneurs in the City of Maputo’s Food Markets

The City of Maputo’s food system comprises a diversity of retailers providing access to food from both domestic and international suppliers. Food markets, whether formal and informal, are the most commonly accessed food source within the city and provide an important source of employment for city residents. As urban labour markets continue to catalyze the growth of national economies in the Global South, the inclusion of young entrepreneurs in the food retail sector in Maputo has become an important but largely unstudied phenomenon. This paper assesses the demographic and entrepreneurial characteristics of this population through a vendor survey of 504 young entrepreneurs (those aged 35 years and younger), drawn from a survey of 1022 entrepreneurs, operating small-scale food enterprises in Maputo. The sampled young food vendors identified survival, family financial security, personal desire, learning and self-determination as the most common reasons for starting their businesses. The sampled young food vendors also identified competition, insufficient sales and few customers along with unaffordable suppliers as the most common business challenges. This paper highlights the aspirations of this population and the formidable economic challenges in their path to business success.

Dermestes maculatus Degeer infestation impact on market loss of dried fish in Kwara State, Nigeria

Dried fish vendors located at three markets in Kwara State, Nigeria were surveyed and Dermestes maculatus Degeer-infested specimens of dried Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis and Oreochromis niloticus were analyzed in the laboratory. The dried fish species were exposed to D. maculatus larvae and adults for 35 days at ambient laboratory conditions that coincided with their developmental cycle after which the level of damages were recorded. The vendor survey showed that the Ipata market had the most dried fish vendors within the age of 20-30 years (46.66%) and that 60% of the fish vendors had, atmost, 20 years of experience. The weight loss in dried fish due to D. maculatus infestations (larval, adult) was H. bidorsalis (22.66 ± 1.20g, 29.00 ± 3.05g), O. niloticus (14.33 ± 2.96g, 20.00 ± 0.58g), and C. nigrodigitatus (14.00 ± 1.53g, 15.00 ± 1.15g) in decreasing order. This suggests that the development of cost-effective methods for pest control in dried fish would greatly reduce market loss of product for dried fish vendors from D. maculatus and other pestiferous species, making the dried fish business more profitable in Nigeria.