Multiple Surveys Research Articles

Optimization of multiple sampling for solving network boundary specification problem

Missing data caused by boundary specification has a detrimental effect on the analysis of network structures, and designing optimal sampling methods is crucial for conducting network investigations. The present study discusses the boundary specification problem in multiple surveys, and proposes a mathematical model for optimizing the sampling strategy in each independent survey. A memetic algorithm that maximizes the sample representativeness is proposed as well, and experiments have proved the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Zachary’s Karate Club network and three networks of migrant workers are also performed to explain the social meaning of the optimal sampling method.

Sporadic Dips from Extended Debris Transiting the Metal-rich White Dwarf SBSS 1232+563

Abstract We present the discovery of deep but sporadic transits in the flux of SBSS 1232+563, a metal-rich white dwarf polluted by disrupted exoplanetary debris. Nearly 25 yr of photometry from multiple sky surveys reveal evidence of occasional dimming of the white dwarf, most notably evident in an 8 month long event in 2023 that caused a >40% drop in flux from the star. In-transit follow-up shows additional short-timescale (minutes- to hours-long) dimming events. Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry suggests a coherent 14.842 hr signal that could represent the dominant orbital period of debris. Six low-resolution spectra collected at various transit depths over two decades show no evidence of significant changes in the observed elemental abundances. SBSS 1232+563 demonstrates that debris transits around white dwarfs can be sporadic, with many years of inactivity before large-amplitude dimming events.

Conspiracy and Antisemitism in Contemporary Political Attitudes

The rise of populist politics around the world has been accompanied by a startling growth of mainstream conspiracy theorizing and antisemitism. Yet, while conspiracy, antisemitism, and populist politics seem to be related, we have little information about the causal relationships between them. Plausible explanations can link any of these three factors to one another in any configuration of causal relationships. In this exploratory research, I employ a series of experimental methods to begin teasing out these relationships while sketching the contours of the broader societal story. Drawing from multiple pre-registered survey experiments conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom, I find strong mutually reinforcing relationships between antisemitism and conspiracy theorizing. Among supporters of Joe Biden in 2020, I find evidence that exposure to conspiracies increases perceptions of Jewish political and economic power. And among supporters of Donald Trump in 2020, I find that exposure to benign vignettes about Jews increases conspiratorial thinking.

Perspectives on the infringement of criminal laws by adolescents following the use of drugs or hallucinogenic substances in Puerto Maldonado, Peru

The purpose of the research is to determine and describe the influence of drug use in adolescents to infringe and commit criminal offenses in the province of Tambopata. The design used in this research is quantitative, descriptive and analytical to perform a critical analysis and a non-experimental design was used. The methodology used are direct interviews with the officials who handle these cases of infractions such a judges and lawyers, a multiple choice survey interview was used for the dimension of drug use and a dichotomous option survey was used for the dimension of criminal infractions. The surveys were conducted directly with an interview in which the answers on drug use and criminal offenses were filled in. As main result it was found that there are significant effects before and after drug use in adolescents, and as preferred places for consumption are squares or parks, and the main instigators are friends or classmates, family abandonment and others who promote drug use. It was concluded that there should be more control in educational institutions as student tutoring centers. One of the limitations was not having direct access to interviews with those involved.

Magnetic resonance imaging in traumatic brain injury: a survey of clinical practitioners’ experiences and views on current practice and obstacles

ABSTRACT Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized our capacity to examine brain alterations in traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, little is known about the level of implementation of MRI techniques in clinical practice in TBI and associated obstacles. Methods A diverse set of health professionals completed 19 multiple choice and free text survey questions. Results Of the 81 respondents, 73.4% reported that they acquire/order MRI scans in TBI patients, and 66% indicated they would prefer MRI be more often used with this cohort. The greatest impediment for MRI usage was scanner availability (57.1%). Less than half of respondents (42.1%) indicated that they perform advanced MRI analysis. Factors such as dedicated experts within the team (44.4%) and user-friendly MRI analysis tools (40.7%), were listed as potentially helpful to implement advanced MRI analyses in clinical practice. Conclusion Results suggest a wide variability in the purpose, timing, and composition of the scanning protocol of clinical MRI after TBI. Three recommendations are described to broaden implementation of MRI in clinical practice in TBI: 1) development of a standardized multimodal MRI protocol; 2) future directions for the use of advanced MRI analyses; 3) use of low-field MRI to overcome technical/practical issues with high-field MRI.

Research on the Development Logic and Sustainable Transformation Path of Suburban Villages from the Perspective of Relational Turn: A Case Study of Panlongling Village

Against the backdrop of urban–rural element flow and rural transformational development in China, suburban villages, as frontier zones connecting cities and rural areas, are pivotal in promoting urban–rural integration and fostering sustainable growth. This study takes Panlongling Village in China as a case study, utilizing theoretical methods from the perspective of the relational turn in geography to analyze the relational logic of rural socio-economic phenomena and address related conflicts. Based on data from multiple field surveys and interviews, this study identifies problems already discovered in Panlongling Village’s development, such as superficial economic enhancement, low villager participation, unidirectional benefit flow, and so on. This study proposes a hypothesis about the causes of these problems and validates this hypothesis through Actor–Network Theory, including unequal benefit distribution, insufficient technical support, inadequate governance and supervision, and a lack of self-improvement awareness among the actors. This study further offers targeted future development pathways for the village’s industrial transformation through actor–network reconstruction, taking into account the multidimensional relationships of stakeholders within the village, urban–rural relations, and socio-economic–natural interactions. It highlights the importance of a people-centric approach, shared benefits among actors, and cross-regional and cross-scale relational connections, offering insights for promoting sustainable development and the transformational development of suburban villages.

P-169. Comprehensive Sexuality Education in Secondary Schools and Syphilis Incidence by Country: An Ecological Study

Abstract Background Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is essential curriculum covering sexual and reproductive health topics, including transmission of sexually transmitted infections. CSE has been added as a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator (4.7.2) and is becoming more widespread, but the relationship between degree of CSE implementation and incidence of STIs has not been previously described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether countries with more widespread CSE in secondary schools have lower incidence rates of syphilis than those with limited CSE.Table 1:Percent of secondary schools implementing CSE in 2018 vs. median syphilis incidence in 2019. Methods We used CSE implementation estimates from WHO as described in the 2021 UNESCO report: The Journey Towards Comprehensive Sexuality Education. This report utilizes data from multiple surveys to produce an estimate of the percent of secondary schools providing CSE by country in 2018, categorized as “0-25%”, “26-50%”, “51-75%”, or “76-100%”. We used syphilis incidence rates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We conducted a multivariable Poisson regression evaluating the relationship between percent of schools with CSE and syphilis incidence, adjusting for WHO region and income level. Results CSE data were available for 66 countries, all of which had syphilis incidence estimates available (Table 1). Countries that reported CSE in fewer than 25% of secondary schools had a syphilis incidence that was 1.83 (95% CI 1.78 – 1.89) fold higher than countries with CSE in greater than 25% of schools. This difference was attenuated but remained significant after adjusting for region and income level with a relative rate of 1.40 (CI 1.36 – 1.44). Each increase in CSE category was associated with a 26.6% (CI 25.9 – 27.4) relative reduction in syphilis incidence rate (Figure 1). This reduced to 7.1% (CI 6.2 – 8) when adjusted for region and income level. Conclusion More widespread CSE is associated with lower syphilis incidence, likely by reducing unsafe sex practices, although a causal relationship cannot be inferred given study design. These findings suggest that countries with the greatest need for CSE are the ones with the most limited availability. Further research on this topic would be beneficial to more thoroughly evaluate how CSE programs impact rates of syphilis and other STIs. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Engineering a prototype for a next-generation stock assessment modeling platform

Environmental and anthropogenic processes have led to widespread changes in productivities and spatial distributions of marine fishery resources. As geographic distributions of fish stocks and subsequently fishing fleets shift, improved spatiotemporal data and spatial modeling will become necessary to estimate abundance and productivity. The goal of this paper is to propose a strategy for engineering a modeling platform for spatially explicit, next-generation stock assessment models. We recount our approach for developing a system prototype, the Metapopulation Assessment System (MAS), that is easy to use, modular, and extensible. The MAS prototype was designed to support complex metapopulation modeling, which includes handling multiple populations, areas, fleets, and surveys and sex differentiation. We describe the components of the software life cycle, engineering, and infrastructure design to support a spatially explicit, next-generation stock assessment system. Software infrastructure was designed and implemented with 3 components: GitHub for collaboration, version control, and code organization; the C++ language for coding fishery system dynamics and estimation modeling; and the R language for coding the input-output interface and systematic testing. Systematic testing was a key component of the MAS development life cycle and was applied to guarantee that system requirements, such as accurate estimation of quantities of interest, are successfully implemented. We conclude with a discussion of some lessons learned and future challenges for ongoing efforts to implement a next-generation stock assessment platform.

SHORES: Serendipitous H-ATLAS-fields Observations of Radio Extragalactic Sources with the ATCA. I. Catalog Generation and Analysis

Abstract We introduce the Serendipitous H-ATLAS-fields Observations of Radio Extragalactic Sources (SHORES) multiple pencil beam survey that observed at 2.1 GHz with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) 29 fields in total intensity and polarization within the Herschel-ATLAS Southern Galactic Field. This paper presents the observations, calibration and analysis of the 27 shallow fields that cover an overall area of ∼26 square degree with increasing sensitivity towards the phase centers of each pointing according to the ATCA 22 m dish response function, down to σ ≲ 33 μJy. Two additional (deep) fields have been observed to even higher sensitivity. All the SHORES observations have been calibrated to account also for linear polarization. Polarization and deeper field analysis will be presented in future papers. The SHORES shallow-field sample considered in the present paper counts 2294 sources detected with BLOBCAT to signal-to-noise ratio SNR ≳ 4.5. Simulations determined that our procedure and final catalog is 95% reliable above 497.5 μJy and 95% complete to the SNR ≳ 4.5 significance level. By exploiting ATCA E–W 6 km configuration we reached resolutions of 3 . ″ 2 × 7 . ″ 2, to which level 81% of our sources are unresolved. We determined source counts down to the 150 μJy level. For the sources with a counterpart in H-ATLAS, the FIR-radio correlation is calculated and discussed.

Patients’ Comfort with Opioid Use and Disposal Post-Operatively After Outpatient Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Gender-Based Analysis

BACKGROUND: Despite legislative efforts to curb inappropriate prescribing, opioid-related adverse events and deaths persist. Prior research has demonstrated that pain perception and response to analgesic medications may vary between genders, underlining the importance of a gender-based analysis in postoperative opioid management. Furthermore, orthopedic surgery remains a significant contributor to opioid prescriptions, however, little is known about patient-specific perspectives regarding opioid usage after knee surgery. This study aimed to assess patients' comfort with postoperative opioid use and explore pre-existing knowledge of opioid disposal, with a specific focus on analyzing differences between genders. METHODS: All patients scheduled for outpatient anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction by the senior author between August 2018 and July 2019 were identified and enrolled in the study. At ten days postoperatively a 7-question, multiple choice paper survey created by the authors was administered in person to each patient. The survey inquired about their use of the medications, any concerns, alternative pain control modalities, and their method of disposal of any remaining prescription pain medication. Patient survey responses were collected, and descriptive and inferential statistics of responses were performed for the overall cohort and per gender. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients (15 males and 32 females) were included in the final study cohort with a 100% response rate. 100% of respondents reported having remaining medication 10 days after surgery. There were no significant differences in responses based on gender. The primary concern with opioid use was addiction risk (43%) while the second most common response was that they had no concerns (28%). Females reported an increased frequency of concern about disposal methods. 72% of patients discontinued medication due to no longer being in pain. Females more frequently discontinued use because they were no longer in pain while males more frequently discontinued due to other concerns. Various disposal methods were used with 40% of males and 13% of females keeping medications in the house most commonly “just in case” they needed it. CONCLUSION: Both males and females exhibited similar concerns and preferences regarding postoperative pain management, with observed but non-significant differences in medication use and disposal practices. These findings emphasize the value of gender-aware education in opioid misuse prevention efforts.

The Multimodal Universe: 100 TB of Machine Learning Ready Astronomical Data

Abstract We present the Multimodal Universe, a new framework collating over 100 TB of multimodal astronomical data for its first release, spanning images, spectra, time series, tabular and hyper-spectral data. This unified collection enables a wide variety of machine learning (ML) applications and research across astronomical domains. The dataset brings together observations from multiple surveys, facilities, and wavelength regimes, providing standardized access to diverse data types. By providing uniform access to this diverse data, the Multimodal Universe aims to accelerate the development of ML methods for observational astronomy that can work across the large differences in astronomical datasets. The framework is actively supported and is designed to be extended whilst enforcing minimal self consistent conventions making contributing data as simple and practical as possible.

Exploring the Effects of Floods in Pakistan: Pre/Post Flood Analysis 2022

Pakistan is affected by floods of various intensities ranging between high, moderate and low levels. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of 2022 flood events in Pakistan. This aim will be achieved by analyzing the relationship between the 2022 floods and the situation of affected communities, with a focus on gender roles. The study assessed the differences in vulnerability to floods between men vs. women by examining their socio-economic conditions before and after flood 2022. Multiple field surveys were conducted for data collection, and a questionnaire was used to learn about the current and past conditions of the people living in the villages around the city of Khipro, Sindh, located downstream of the Indus River, majorly affected by floods in terms of lives and livelihoods. Correlations, and cross-tabulations were used to analyze the demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status of communities. Focusing on the period before and after the 2022 floods and the difference in vulnerability, the results of the study indicated that despite having better access to disaster preparedness information and resources, societal norms and mobility issues make women more vulnerable. Therefore, it is important to focus on gender-sensitive disaster preparedness and response efforts. The study proposes a few measures to improve resilience and promote sustainable development in flood-affected areas.Top of Form

P001 Sleep disturbance in patients with long-term neurological sequelae of COVID-19

Abstract Introduction Post COVID-19 neurological sequelae (popularly termed “Long COVID”), which include chronic sleep disruption and “brain fog” are widespread; however, studies have not yet comprehensively evaluated the concurrent effects of these disruptions of neurocognitive function and their relationship to sleep disturbance. Methods Participants aged between 40-65, with no more than 2 cardiovascular risk factors were stratified into three groups of ten: Group 1 (pre-pandemic datasets), Group 2 (individuals recovered from COVID-19), and Group 3 (individuals diagnosed with Long COVID under the WHO criteria). Polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), participant surveys and neurocognitive testing, among other data, were collected. Results Control group 1 included more participants (70%) with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) compared to the Long COVID group, resulting in a markedly greater arousal index (ANOVA p=0.03), but no significant differences in percentage of Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep were observed between all three groups (ANOVA p=0.29). The Long COVID group displayed heightened daytime sleepiness, based on MSLT, Epworth Sleepiness Scores, and fatigue severity scores (Group 2: 28±10 vs Group 3:44±11, unpaired t-test p=0.01). Discussion Initial observations suggest sleep architecture (proportion of SWS and REM sleep) in Long COVID does not differ from controls, however the reduced sleep latency and elevated subjective fatigue suggest dysfunction of sleep in Long COVID which needs to be further explored.

Gas thermodynamics meets galaxy kinematics: Joint mass measurements for eROSITA galaxy clusters

The mass of galaxy clusters is a critical quantity for probing cluster cosmology and testing theories of gravity, but its measurement could be biased, given that assumptions are inevitable in order to make use of any approach. In this paper, we employ and compare two mass proxies for galaxy clusters: thermodynamics of the intracluster medium and kinematics of member galaxies. We selected 22 galaxy clusters from the cluster catalog in the first SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS1) that have sufficient optical and near-infrared observations. We generated multiband images in the energy range of (0.3, 7) keV for each cluster, and derived their temperature profiles, gas mass profiles, and hydrostatic mass profiles using a parametric approach that does not assume dark matter halo models. With spectroscopically confirmed member galaxies collected from multiple surveys, we numerically solved the spherical Jeans equation for their dynamical mass profiles. Our results quantify the correlation between dynamical mass and the line-of-sight velocity dispersion, $ dyn los ^2r_ proj /G) - (3.87 with a root mean square (rms) scatter of 0.14 dex. We find that the two mass proxies lead to roughly the same total mass, with no observed systematic bias. As such, the $ tension is not specific to hydrostatic mass or weak lensing shears, but also appears with galaxy kinematics. Interestingly, the hydrostatic-to-dynamical mass ratios decrease slightly toward large radii, which could possibly be evidence for accreting galaxies in the outskirts. We also compared our hydrostatic masses with the latest weak lensing masses inferred with scaling relations. The comparison shows that the weak lensing mass is significantly higher than our hydrostatic mass by sim 110<!PCT!>. This might explain the significantly larger value of $ from the latest measurement using eRASS1 clusters than almost all previous estimates in the literature. Finally, we tested the radial acceleration relation established in disk galaxies. We confirm the missing baryon problem in the inner region of galaxy clusters using three independent mass proxies for the first time. As ongoing and planned surveys are providing deeper X-ray observations and more galaxy spectra for cluster members, we expect to extend the study to cluster outskirts in the near future.

Neuropsychological Validity Assessment Beliefs and Practices: A Survey of North American Neuropsychologists and Validity Assessment Experts.

The present study sought to identify changes in neuropsychological validity assessment beliefs and practices relative to surveys of North American neuropsychologists conducted in 2015 and 2016, obtain a more nuanced understanding of such beliefs and practices, and examine salient validity assessment topics not addressed by previous surveys. Adult focused neuropsychologists (n = 445) and neuropsychological validity assessment experts (n = 16) were surveyed regarding their perceptions and practices related to the following topics: (i) importance of validity testing; (ii) multiple performance validity test (PVT) administration and interpretation; (iii) suspected causes of invalidity; (iv) reporting on malingering; (v) assessment of examinees of diverse language, culture, and nation of origin; (vi) terminology; and (vii) most frequently utilized validity measures. There was general agreement, if not consensus, across multiple survey topics. The vast majority of neuropsychologists and experts view validity testing as mandatory in clinical and forensic evaluations, administer multiple PVTs regardless of setting, believe validity assessment to be important in the evaluation of all individuals including older adults and culturally diverse individuals, and view evaluations with few to no validity tests interspersed throughout the evaluation as being of lesser quality. Divergent opinions were also seen among respondents and between neuropsychologists and experts on some topics, including likely causes of invalidity and assessment and formal communication of malingering. Current results highlight the necessity of formal validity assessment within both clinical and forensic neuropsychological evaluations, and findings document current trends and reported practices within the field.

Traveling for Safety: Price and Income Elasticities of Hurricane Evacuation Behavior

Using multiple hurricane surveys collected from different areas in the U.S., this study estimates how much distance and how much time were traveled by evacuees to reach safer destinations during a hurricane event. Regression results indicate that flood risk, respondents’ age, income, and education levels are correlated with both the distance and travel time of hurricane evacuation trips. Moreover, to gain deeper insights, we estimated the price and income elasticities of hurricane evacuation trip characteristics. The estimated elasticities of travel distance reveal that travel distance is a necessary and ordinary good, implying that safety is essential and less responsive to price changes. In addition, the estimated elasticities of travel time suggest that travel time is an inferior good, indicating that as income goes up, people tend to spend less time traveling for evacuation. This finding provides logistic implications for emergency management agencies to analyze the evacuation travel demand and ensure safety in vulnerable communities.

Dated radar-stratigraphy between Dome A and South Pole, East Antarctica: old ice potential and ice sheet history

Abstract An array of information about the Antarctic ice sheet can be extracted from ice-sheet internal architecture imaged by airborne ice-penetrating radar surveys. We identify, trace and date three key internal reflection horizons (IRHs) across multiple radar surveys from South Pole to Dome A, East Antarctica. Ages of ~38 ± 2.2, ~90 ± 3.6 and ~162 ± 6.7 ka are assigned to the three IRHs, with verification of the upper IRH age from the South Pole ice core. The resultant englacial stratigraphy is used to identify the locations of the oldest ice, specifically in the upper Byrd Glacier catchment and the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains. The distinct glaciological conditions of the Gamburtsev Mountains, including slower ice flow, low geothermal heat flux and frozen base, make it the more likely to host the oldest ice. We also observe a distinct drawdown of IRH geometry around South Pole, indicative of melting from enhanced geothermal heat flux or the removal of deeper, older ice under a previous faster ice flow regime. Our traced IRHs underpin the wider objective to develop a continental-scale database of IRHs which will constrain and validate future ice-sheet modelling and the history of the Antarctic ice sheet.

Improving Subnational Opinion Estimation from Cluster-Sampled Polls

AbstractThe development of multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) has allowed scholars to more accurately estimate subnational public opinion using national polls. However, MRP generally recovers less accurate estimates from polls whose respondents are selected using cluster sampling – also called area-probability sampling. This is in part because cluster-sampled polls rely on a complex form of random sampling focused on national representativeness that may result in small or unrepresentative subsamples in subnational geographies. This has limited MRP’s usefulness in subnational opinion estimation in several contexts, including historical polls in the US, where cluster-sampling was common into the 1980s, and large academic studies in many countries today. In this paper, I propose two approaches to improve estimation from MRP with cluster-sampled polls. The first is pooling data from multiple surveys to produce a larger sample of clusters. The second is clustered MRP (CMRP), which extends MRP by modeling opinion using the geographic information included in a survey’s cluster-sampling procedure. Using simulations, I show that both methods improve upon traditional MRP, and I validate them using historical polls in the US

Making space for grief: The impact of remembrance programs for pediatric healthcare providers.

While caring for seriously ill children is a rewarding experience, pediatric healthcare providers may experience sadness and emotional distress when their patient dies. These feelings, particularly when not addressed, can lead to negative health and occupational outcomes. Remembrance practices can provide a safe space for staff to process their grief. This study explored pediatric healthcare providers' perceptions of an annual Pediatric Remembrance Ceremony (PRC) and a quarterly program, Good Grief and Chocolate at Noon (GGCN), to learn what components of the programs were considered meaningful and the personal impact on those who attended. The programs pivoted to a virtual platform during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the study also assessed providers' perspectives of attending the programs virtually. A 19 multiple choice survey instrument was designed, reviewed, piloted, revised, and re-piloted by an interdisciplinary bereavement committee prior to administration. The survey included 2 open-ended questions, inviting additional insights into personal impact and future directions for remembrance programs. The survey was administered on an encrypted online platform. Components of the PRC respondents most valued included the opportunity for staff to choose a name of a patient they cared for and to light a candle for that patient as their name is read. Those who participated in GGCN found story sharing helpful, along with having a speaker address a topic around loss and grief during the second half of the session. Both programs provided reflection, solidarity, and memorialization. Most respondents prefer having both in-person and virtual options. Healthcare providers are affected by the death of the children they care for and value opportunities provided to join colleagues in remembering their patients. The findings underscore the value of remembrance programs in supporting bereaved staff.

The impact of vineyard landscaping and grapevine training systems on labour costs: a case study from the Douro Demarcated Region

ABSTRACT The vineyards and wine industry are key pillars of the economy in the Douro Demarcated Region (DDR). However, the region’s diverse topography poses challenges, leading to high grape production costs. Additionally, ongoing difficulties in attracting labor threaten the sector's sustainability. Based on a multiple linear regression and survey data from 110 DDR farms, this study analyzed the impact of labor costs on farms with varying vineyard landscaping and grapevine training systems. Results indicate a clear relationship between certain landscaping and training practices and permanent labor costs. Traditional walled terraces, vertical planting, and cordon training systems incur the highest permanent labor expenses, while temporary labor costs remain minimal. Adopting less labor-intensive systems is a strategic priority for DDR winegrowers, with significant effects across the wine value chain. To enhance the sector’s sustainability, future policies should prioritize systems that are well-adapted to local conditions and economically viable.