Medium Survey Research Articles

ACME: automated classification model for E-learning feedback

ABSTRACT E-learning is the process of sharing knowledge out of the traditional classrooms through different online tools using internet. The availability and use of these tools are not easy for every student. Many institutions gather e-learning feedback to know the problems of students to improve their systems. In e-learning systems, typically a high volume of electronic feedback is received every day. In order to respond to feedback quickly and to address the issues raised by the stakeholders timely, it is desirable to provide an intelligent and automatic classification of the feedback. This study proposes a feedback classification model, named “ACME: Automated Classification Model for E-learning Feedback” to fulfill this need. The proposed model is capable of both sentiment analysis and category classification of the feedback. In this regard, feedback from 20,000 records has been collected from many online sources, such as social media platforms, surveys, and questionnaires. To build a baseline corpus, these feedbacks were analyzed and characterized in two dimensions, that is category and sentiment. The model achieved an accuracy of 98% and 99% by using a Random Forest and Decision Tree classifier, respectively.

Are Italian nurses ready for patient blood management program? A national social media survey.

Blood transfusion is one of the five most overused procedures in healthcare. Patient Blood Management (PBM) is a multimodal and multidisciplinary strategy that aims to properly manage the patient blood. In 2015 the Italian National Blood Centre explicitly mentioned the need for the identification of dedicated nursing staff to implement this approach. The purpose of this study is to investigate if Italian nurses are prepared and willing to implement the PBM. We conducted a social media survey that registered 235 respondents from the whole Italian territory over a one-month period (15th of May-15th of June 2020). The 23 open and closed-ended questions were intended to investigate the views, the inclinations, and intentions of healthcare professionals towards PBM. PBM can still be considered as a niche topic. Therefore, most respondents declared themselves willing to know more about it, to acquire new skills and grow professionally, to determine benefits for the hospital, to improve the quality of nursing care and act evidence based, and to enhance the nursing role in the multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: PBM programs are conducted and implemented effectively worldwide, and Italian nurses recognize its importance and are willing to implement it and be a part of it for what then bedside care, the educational, and the managerial role are concerned. (www.actabiomedica.it) Key words: Patient blood management, blood transfusion, bloodless nurse, bloodless coordinator, nursing education, nursing management.

Lebanon’s 2019 Uprising: A Feminist Uprising or Feminized Media Sensationalism?

Lebanon’s October 2019 uprising brought to the forefront women’s rights, to the extent that various groups and media called it a women’s uprising. This study questions the accuracy of media’s portrayal of the protests as a women’s uprising by investigating women’s participation in the uprising. It analyzes data from a survey of media uses and participation in the protests and discusses feminist activists’ observations regarding this media narrative. Findings revealed that men and women largely followed and trusted the same media platforms, and both were equally interested in the protests, but slightly more men than women participated in street protests. However, feminist activists relay a different picture of the uprising and its outcomes as related to women’s rights. Overall, the media portrayal, while not entirely inaccurate, is problematic and does not transparently reflect the unfair reality of Lebanese women’s subjugation.

Social Media Sentiment about COVID-19 Vaccination Predicts Vaccine Acceptance among Peruvian Social Media Users the Next Day.

Drawing upon theories of risk and decision making, we present a theoretical framework for how the emotional attributes of social media content influence risk behaviors. We apply our framework to understanding how COVID-19 vaccination Twitter posts influence acceptance of the vaccine in Peru, the country with the highest relative number of COVID-19 excess deaths. By employing computational methods, topic modeling, and vector autoregressive time series analysis, we show that the prominence of expressed emotions about COVID-19 vaccination in social media content is associated with the daily percentage of Peruvian social media survey respondents who are vaccine-accepting over 231 days. Our findings show that net (positive) sentiment and trust emotions expressed in tweets about COVID-19 are positively associated with vaccine acceptance among survey respondents one day after the post occurs. This study demonstrates that the emotional attributes of social media content, besides veracity or informational attributes, may influence vaccine acceptance for better or worse based on its valence.

Factors Affecting Awareness About E-Health Services in Saudi Arabia.

Aim Telemedicine or using e-health applications was maximized during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to explore awareness and satisfaction with several e-health services provided by the Ministry of Health (MOH), including Seha, Moed, 937 Services, and Wasfati. Methods A population-based social media survey assessed awareness and satisfaction with these applications.The survey gathered information on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Binary logistic regression was used to highlight factors that affect awareness of and satisfaction with these servicesandthus could be a target for future development. Results Overall, 1333 surveys were completed; most (70%) of the participants were female, 44% were between the ages of 18 and 24 years, 83% were of Saudi nationality, and 70% had university degrees or above. Awareness was greatest with the 937 Services, Seha, Moed, and Wasfatiapplications. Satisfaction was the highest with the Moed application. Factors affecting awareness and satisfaction included age, sex, nationality, and education. Conclusion Awareness of and satisfaction with the four major e-health applications were high. This indicates the readiness of the Saudi population to embrace advances in telemedicine in alliance with the Saudi 2030 vision.

Effect of Fear of COVID-19 on Destination Image, Tourist Satisfaction, and Revisit Intention: Protection Motivation Theory Perspective

Purpose – This study examines the effect of fear of COVID-19, tourist satisfaction, and destination image on the revisit intention. Methodology – Data was collected through social media surveys to 370 total domestic tourist respondents. Then, the data was processed with IBM SPSS version 26 to describe demographics and SmartPLS 3.2.9 to test structural equation modelling between variables. Findings – This study showed that the fear of COVID-19 significantly affected destination image, tourist satisfaction and revisit intention. Novelty – This study has presented that health risks (COVID-19) are not a problem for domestic tourists when travelling. Thus, the threat of COVID-19 does not affect tourists' perceptions of destination image, tourist satisfaction, and revisit intention.

Is the use of IVF add-on treatments driven by patients or clinics? Findings from a UK patient survey

There are conflicting narratives over what drives demand for add-ons. We undertook an online survey of IVF patients to determine whether patients perceive that use of IVF add-ons is driven by patients or practitioners. People who underwent IVF in the UK in the previous five years were recruited via social media Survey questions focussed on the roles of clinician offer and patient request, including who first suggested use of add-ons in IVF consultations, where patients first heard about them, and which information sources they trusted. From a total of 261 responses, 224 met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 67% of respondents had used one or more IVF add-ons, most commonly: time-lapse imaging (27%), EmbryoGlue (27%), and endometrial scratching (26%). Overall, 81% of the add-ons used were offered to participants by clinicians (compared to 19% requested by themselves). Half (54%) reported being offered add-ons during consultations, compared to 24% who initiated discussion about add-ons. Higher proportions of private patients reported being offered (90%), requesting (47%) and using (74%) add-ons than those with NHS funding (74%, 29%, 52%, respectively). The main limitations of this study are the small sample size, recruitment via a convenience sample, and the self-reported data capture which is subject to recall bias.

Contraceptive care in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: A social media survey of contraceptive access, telehealth use and telehealth quality

ObjectivesTo examine demographic, socioeconomic, and regional differences in contraceptive access, differences between telehealth and in-person contraception visits, and telehealth quality in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study designWe surveyed reproductive-age women about contraception visits during the COVID-19 pandemic via social media in July 2020 and January 2021. We used multivariable regression to examine relationships between age, racial/ethnic identity, educational attainment, income, insurance type, region, and COVID-19 related hardship, and ability to obtain a contraceptive appointment, telehealth vs in-person visits, and telehealth quality scores. ResultsAmong 2031 respondents seeking a contraception visit, 1490 (73.4%) reported any visit, of which 530 (35.6%) were telehealth. In adjusted analyses, lower odds of any visit was associated with Hispanic/Latinx and Mixed race/Other identity (aOR 0.59 [0.37–0.94], aOR 0.36 [0.22–0.59], respectively), the South, Midwest, Northeast (aOR 0.63 [0.47–0.85], aOR 0.64 [0.46–0.90], aOR 0.52 [CI 0.36–0.75], respectively), no insurance (aOR 0.63 [0.43–0.91]), greater COVID-19 hardship (aOR 0.52 [0.31–0.87]), and earlier pandemic timing (January 2021 vs July 2020 aOR 2.14 [1.69–2.70]). Respondents from the Midwest and South had lower odds of telehealth vs in-person care (aOR 0.63 [0.44–0.88], aOR 0.54 [0.40–0.72], respectively). Hispanic/Latinx respondents and those in the Midwest had lower odds of high telehealth quality (aOR 0.37 [0.17–0.80], aOR 0.58 [0.35–0.95], respectively). ConclusionsWe found inequities in contraceptive care access, less telehealth use for contraception visits in the South and Midwest, and lower telehealth quality among Hispanic/Latinx people during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should focus on telehealth access, quality, and patients’ preferences. ImplicationsHistorically marginalized groups have faced disproportionate barriers to contraceptive care, and telehealth for contraceptive care has not been employed equitably during the COVID-19 pandemic. Though telehealth has the potential to improve access to care, inequitable implementation could exacerbate existing disparities.

Are social media data and survey data consistent in measuring park visitation, park satisfaction, and their influencing factors? A case study in Shanghai

Given the importance of urban parks for recreation, it is critical to understand how they are used and perceived. Currently, relatively few studies have examined the public’s activities and preferences at the same time. Social media data are increasingly recognized as a promising data source to study these two aspects. However, little is known regarding the utility and representativeness of social media data for urban parks. In particular, a lack of understanding exists on the comparability of research results measured by bottom-up social media data and top-down official survey data in urban park studies. This research used social media data from Ctrip and Dianping and survey data from the local government agency with park visits statistics and park satisfaction surveys to understand the public’s visitation and satisfaction of 102 urban parks in central Shanghai. We first assessed the similarities between the social media data and survey data by correlation analysis. We then used the negative binomial regression model and beta regression model to examine the matches and mismatches of the different data sources in investigating factors influencing park visitation and park satisfaction. Our correlation results showed that the social media data significantly correlated with the survey data and that social media data performed better in more frequently visited parks. Our regression results showed that the water bodies, recreational facilities, and surrounding commercial facilities were the common influencing factors of park visitation and park satisfaction for all parks. While significant correlations were noticed between these two data sources, we found that the surrounding population density was negatively associated with park visitation measured by social media data but positively associated with park visitation measured by survey data. This study provides a comparative perspective to study park visitation and park satisfaction by combining social media data and official survey data. Clarifying the consistencies and inconsistencies between the social media data and official survey data is important because it could help us to understand the representativeness and potential biases of the social media data when used in visitation monitoring and satisfaction monitoring.

Early cochlear implantation in prelingual profound hearing loss in Italy, analyzed by means of a social media survey.

To assess newborn hearing screening (NHS) impact on timing of cochlear implant (CI) surgery of patients with prelingual bilateral profound hearing impairment (BPHI), in order to evaluate whether the NHS ultimately serves the needs of the target population in Italy. An online questionnaire was created to survey subjects affected by prelingual BPHL born between 1990 and 2018. Questions focused on age at BPHI diagnosis, first and second CI surgery (if performed), and the region in which the surgery was performed. The survey was distributed to potential participants via social media communities used by hearing impaired people or their family members for sharing advice and offering support. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Among the 318 respondents who completed the questionnaire, 276 (87%) reported having chosen CI surgery, 2/3 of them bilaterally. In the vast majority (97%) of cases the CI is used on a daily basis. Most of the people residing in the center (65%) and southern Italy (71%) had to move from their region of residence to perform the surgery. Late CI surgery was associated with failure to perform NHS (p = 0.007), birth before 2011 (p = 0.009), definitive diagnosis of BPHI after 6months of life (p = 0.002), and progressive hearing impairment (p < 0.001). The worldwide scientific approval of the NHS as the current best opportunity for early diagnosis and CI treatment for prelingual BPHI is confirmed by what patients and families reported via the online questionnaire used for this study. In recent years, early bilateral cochlear implantation has become increasingly available in Italy, but late diagnosis, progressive hearing loss, failure to perform the NHS and lack of follow-up are still open questions. A large proportion of families had to move from the region of residence to have their child undergo CI surgery, revealing inequalities in terms of geographical disparities. Social media has proved to be a valuable, fast and inexpensive tool for gathering information on the effectiveness of health prevention programs, involving a large sample of individuals in a short amount of time.

How Should Software Engineering Secondary Studies Include Grey Material?

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Context</i> : Recent papers have proposed the use of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">grey literature</i> (GL) and multivocal reviews. These papers have raised issues about the practices used for systematic reviews (SRs) in software engineering (SE) and suggested that there should be changes to the current SR guidelines. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Objective</i> : To investigate whether current SR guidelines need to be changed to support GL and multivocal reviews. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Method</i> : We discuss the definitions of GL and the importance of GL and of industry-based field studies in SE SRs. We identify properties of SRs that constrain the material used in SRs: a) the nature of primary studies; b) the requirements of SRs to be auditable, traceable, and reproducible; and explain why these requirements restrict the use of blogs in SRs. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Results</i> : SR guidelines have always considered GL as a possible source of primary studies and have never supported exclusion of field studies that incorporate the practitioners’ viewpoint. However, the concept of GL, which was meant to refer to documents that were not formally published, is now being extended to information from sources such as blogs/tweets/Q&A posts. Thus, it might seem that SRs do not make full use of GL because they do not include such information. However, the unit of analysis for an SR is the primary study. Thus, it is not the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">source</i> but the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">type</i> of information that is important. Any report describing a rigorous empirical evaluation is a candidate primary study. Whether it is actually included in an SR depends on the SR eligibility criteria. However, any study that cannot be guaranteed to be publicly available in the long term should not be used as a primary study in an SR. This does not prevent such information from being aggregated in surveys of social media and used in the context of evidence-based software engineering (EBSE). <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Conclusions</i> : Current guidelines for SRs do not require extensions, but their scope needs to be better defined. SE researchers require guidelines for analysing social media posts (e.g., blogs, tweets, vlogs), but these should be based on qualitative primary (not secondary) study guidelines. SE researchers can use mixed-methods SRs and/or the fourth step of EBSE to incorporate findings from social media surveys with those from SRs and to develop industry-relevant recommendations.

Hadrah Spirit as an Islamic Arts in the Land of Papua

&lt;em&gt;The Land of Papua is synonymous with a non-Muslim population, and it is not uncommon for some people to think that there is no Muslim community in Papua. This assumption is increasingly supported by the inauguration of the capital city of West Papua, Manokwari as a city of the Bible. But on the contrary, the fact is that Islam entered the land of Papua since 1512, even before the entry of other religions. Therefore, in this study research will be conducted regarding the popularity of hadrah art as an Islamic art in Papua which can be used as evidence of the rapid development of Islamic civilization in Papua today. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. In collecting data using direct observation in the field, survey media in the form of questionnaires and by using literature studies on previous research. From the research results obtained, it can be concluded that the existence of hadrah arts in Papua, especially the city of Manokwari is currently very popular, this is indicated by the many hadrah competitions and festivals being held, the many sholawat majlis which involve hadrah music as accompaniment to the Prophet's sholawat verses, and even the existence of hadrah as an extracurricular activity in educational institutions. The presence of this research is expected to increase one's knowledge of the development of Islam in the land of Papua, one of which is in the field of hadrah art as an Islamic art.&lt;/em&gt;

The influence of hedonic values and extraversion on online impulse buying: Empirical evidence from Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze Indonesian consumer hedonic values, extraversion, and online impulse buying, as well as to examine the influence of consumer hedonic values and extraversion personality on impulsive online buying. This study uses a quantitative research method that employs descriptive and associative tools. The primary data were gathered through social media surveys of Indonesian consumers who buy goods through e-commerce. Of the 440 respondents who received questionnaires, only 400 completed them accurately. According to the survey, at least 75% of respondents shop online regularly. The study’s findings describe three types of Indonesian online consumers: those with hedonic values, those with reasonably high extrovert personalities, and those prone to online impulse buying. Path analysis results indicate that both hedonic value and extraversion have a significant influence on online impulse buying. Hedonic consumers enjoy online shopping, and as a result, they discover items they had not previously considered purchasing without careful consideration. On the other hand, extroverted consumers who are outgoing, passionate, and pleasant in social situations are more likely to be interested in impulsive online buying. These results provide online business owners with necessary guidance by demonstrating the importance of developing a website that is not only informative but also visually appealing and engaging to trigger impulse buying. Acknowledgment This study was supported by a research grant from Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.

Assessing Barriers to Implementation of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence-Based Tools in Critical Care: Web-Based Survey Study.

Although there is considerable interest in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in critical care, the implementation of effective algorithms into practice has been limited. We sought to understand physician perspectives of a novel intubation prediction tool. Further, we sought to understand health care provider and nonprovider perspectives on the use of ML in health care. We aim to use the data gathered to elucidate implementation barriers and determinants of this intubation prediction tool, as well as ML/AI-based algorithms in critical care and health care in general. We developed 2 anonymous surveys in Qualtrics, 1 single-center survey distributed to 99 critical care physicians via email, and 1 social media survey distributed via Facebook and Twitter with branching logic to tailor questions for providers and nonproviders. The surveys included a mixture of categorical, Likert scale, and free-text items. Likert scale means with SD were reported from 1 to 5. We used student t tests to examine the differences between groups. In addition, Likert scale responses were converted into 3 categories, and percentage values were reported in order to demonstrate the distribution of responses. Qualitative free-text responses were reviewed by a member of the study team to determine validity, and content analysis was performed to determine common themes in responses. Out of 99 critical care physicians, 47 (48%) completed the single-center survey. Perceived knowledge of ML was low with a mean Likert score of 2.4 out of 5 (SD 0.96), with 7.5% of respondents rating their knowledge as a 4 or 5. The willingness to use the ML-based algorithm was 3.32 out of 5 (SD 0.95), with 75% of respondents answering 3 out of 5. The social media survey had 770 total responses with 605 (79%) providers and 165 (21%) nonproviders. We found no difference in providers' perceived knowledge based on level of experience in either survey. We found that nonproviders had significantly less perceived knowledge of ML (mean 3.04 out of 5, SD 1.53 vs mean 3.43, SD 0.941; P<.001) and comfort with ML (mean 3.28 out of 5, SD 1.02 vs mean 3.53, SD 0.935; P=.004) than providers. Free-text responses revealed multiple shared concerns, including accuracy/reliability, data bias, patient safety, and privacy/security risks. These data suggest that providers and nonproviders have positive perceptions of ML-based tools, and that a tool to predict the need for intubation would be of interest to critical care providers. There were many shared concerns about ML/AI in health care elucidated by the surveys. These results provide a baseline evaluation of implementation barriers and determinants of ML/AI-based tools that will be important in their optimal implementation and adoption in the critical care setting and health care in general.

How are leaders trusted in the knowledge-sharing process?

This study aims to define the effect of transformational leadership on knowledge sharing; this study also seeks to analyze the mediating role of self-efficacy and trust in leaders in the connection between transformational leadership and knowledge sharing. This quantitative study used a questionnaire with a simple random sampling technique to collect data. Questionnaire measurement uses a Likert scale from 1 – 5, distributed with the help of jakpat.net as a media survey. Respondents in this study were staff-level hotel employees throughout Indonesia, with a total of 143 respondents. Data were analyzed and processed by the PLS-SEM method and path analysis. The bootstrapping method is used to test the hypothesis. This study indicates that transformational leadership has a positive and significant impact on knowledge sharing, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on self-efficacy, and transformational leadership has a positive and significant impact on trust in leaders. Then self-efficacy and faith in a leader positively and significantly impact knowledge sharing. It has also been confirmed that there is a mediating role of self-efficacy and trust in the leader in the indirect relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge sharing.

Cultural responses to the COVID-19 crisis in Greece: The first wave (March-May 2020).

This article examines cultural responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece during the first wave in spring 2020 approaching such responses not only as resulting from the fear of the virus but also as outcomes of larger historical processes. Analysing media material, surveys and discourses by politicians and health specialists the article argues that although Greece had a limited number of cases, most Greeks embraced the lockdown seeing COVID-19 as a threat. The government's communication strategy highlighted popular values such as family and downplayed the class dimensions of the pandemic. This strategy proved effective and increased the popularity of the government and health experts at that stage.

Palestinian media coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic An analytical study of the digital platforms of the Palestinian Ministry of Health.

The study aimed to identify the nature of Palestine's social health media coverage of the COVID19 pandemic, how it deals with this global and significant issue, determine the amount of attention paid to the issue, and the nature of the content through which the pandemic has been highlighted, Identifying the journalism arts and multimedia, interactive elements and assistive services used to highlight topics on the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is meta-research based on the media survey and uses a content analysis tool on a sample of topics published on the Palestinian Health Ministry's social media platforms. The study concluded that the coverage of the epidemic on the official page of the Palestinian Ministry of Health was poor, with 75 topics only reported in a month. It reached 38%, followed by the Ministry's efforts to fight the epidemic with 26%, while the latest developments related to the epidemic and issues of awareness, guidance, and instructions reached 17%. It also shows the weakness of the educational and instructional aspects compared to the number of published subjects. In addition, the Palestinian political division reflected on the health aspect, focusing on coverage in West Bank with 22%, while the sample focused on the Gaza Strip was only 4%. It also focused on the informational news aspect through the emergence of the art of news and infographics, considering the weakness or absence of other journalistic arts, with the use of accompanying materials such as photos and videos tangibly and mainly with the published topics in line with the coverage. Keywords: Health media, Palestinian media, new media, COVID-19 pandemic, social media.

Impact of sampling and data collection methods on maternity survey response: a randomised controlled trial of paper and push-to-web surveys and a concurrent social media survey

BackgroundNovel survey methods are needed to tackle declining response rates. The 2020 National Maternity Survey included a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and social media survey to compare different combinations of sampling and data collection methods with respect to: response rate, respondent representativeness, prevalence estimates of maternity indicators and cost.MethodsA two-armed parallel RCT and concurrent social media survey were conducted. Women in the RCT were sampled from ONS birth registrations and randomised to either a paper or push-to-web survey. Women in the social media survey self-selected through online adverts. The primary outcome was response rate in the paper and push-to-web surveys. In all surveys, respondent representativeness was assessed by comparing distributions of sociodemographic characteristics in respondents with those of the target population. External validity of prevalence estimates of maternity indicators was assessed by comparing weighted survey estimates with estimates from national routine data. Cost was also compared across surveys.ResultsThe response rate was higher in the paper survey (n = 2,446) compared to the push-to-web survey (n = 2,165)(30.6% versus 27.1%, difference = 3.5%, 95%CI = 2.1–4.9, p < 0.0001). Compared to the target population, respondents in all surveys were less likely to be aged < 25 years, of Black or Minority ethnicity, born outside the UK, living in disadvantaged areas, living without a partner and multiparous. Women in the social media survey (n = 1,316) were less representative of the target population compared to women in the paper and push-to-web surveys. For some maternity indicators, weighted survey estimates were close to estimates from routine data, for other indicators there were discrepancies; no survey demonstrated consistently higher external validity than the other two surveys. Compared to the paper survey, the cost saving per respondent was £5.45 for the push-to-web survey and £22.42 for the social media survey.ConclusionsPush-to-web surveys may cost less than paper surveys but do not necessarily result in higher response rates. Social media surveys cost significantly less than paper and push-to-web surveys, but sample size may be limited by eligibility criteria and recruitment window and respondents may be less representative of the target population. However, reduced representativeness does not necessarily introduce more bias in weighted survey estimates.

PP148 The Impact Of Health Technology Wales Guidance For Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Two Years Post-Publication

IntroductionEvaluating the impact of health technology assessment (HTA) is vital to measure its contribution to health and social care decision-making and improving citizen outcomes. Health Technology Wales (HTW) is a HTA body committed to evaluating the impact of our work. Here we present HTW’s impact evaluation approach with a case study for autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) for highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).MethodsUsing an outcomes-focused approach based on contribution analysis, HTW has worked with an external evaluation organization to develop a framework to measure the impact of our work. Data on impact was collected from both qualitative and quantitative sources, including social media metrics, surveys, and informal feedback from stakeholders. We engaged with various stakeholders, including clinicians, academics, patient organizations and other HTA bodies.ResultsThe technology appraisal and guidance were published in July 2020, recommending AHSCT for routine adoption to treat highly active RRMS. Patient groups welcomed the appraisal findings as an important step forward in recognising the needs of people with RRMS and felt that “people living with MS were listened to throughout the process”. Following publication online, the guidance has had approximately 500 views, and featured on the MS Trust website and in several news articles. The Welsh Health Specialist Services Committee, a commissioning body in Wales, recommended AHSCT for RRMS as a ‘high priority’ for funding in the WHSSC Integrated Commissioning Plan 2021-22.ConclusionsSince its publication, we have been able to prospectively capture the impact of this guidance through various stakeholders groups and sources. Overall, responses have been positive and the guidance has supported decision makers in Wales. Ongoing evidence capture, including through HTW’s adoption audit processes, will add further understanding to the potential impact of our work.

The prevalence of stigma in a UK community survey of people with lived experience of long COVID

BackgroundStigma can be experienced as perceived or actual disqualification from social and institutional acceptance on the basis of one or more physical, health-related, behavioural, or other attributes deemed to be undesirable. Long COVID is a predominantly multisystem condition that occurs in people with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, often resulting in functional disability, which limits day-to-day activities. We aimed to quantify the burden of stigma experienced in a community-based sample of people with lived experience of long COVID. MethodsData from the follow-up of a long COVID longitudinal online survey was used. The survey was coproduced with people living with long COVID. 13 questions on stigma were included to develop a Long COVID Stigma Scale capturing three domains: enacted (overt experiences of discrimination due to long COVID), internalised (internalising negative associations with long COVID and accepting them as self-applicable), and anticipated (expectation of bias or poor treatment by others) stigma. Data were collected through a social media survey with convenience non-probability sampling. Findings966 (47·9%) of 2016 participants from the UK completed the follow-up survey and 888 responded to the questions on stigma. The mean age of respondents was 48·3 years (SD 10·7), and 84·6% identified as female. Roughly half (n=460, 50·4%) reported having a formal, clinical, long COVID diagnosis, and of these, 440 responded to the questions on stigma. The prevalence of people experiencing overall stigma at least sometimes was 95·4% (n=847), prevalence of enacted stigma was 62·7% (n=557), internalised stigma was 86·4% (n=767), and anticipated stigma was 90·8% (n=806). Prevalence of stigma was higher in respondents with a formal diagnosis of long COVID (97·5%; n=429) than in those without (93·2%; n=413). InterpretationThis study highlights widespread and multilayered stigmas experienced by people living with long COVID in the UK, which presents a serious public health concern. The broader literature on stigmatised health conditions consistently suggests that stigma drives people away from health services, contributes to psychological distress, and compromises long-term physical outcomes. The higher proportion experiencing stigma in those with clinical diagnosis of long COVID might be indicative of stigma within the health-care system. Findings from this study should be taken into consideration within clinical practice and health care, social care, employment, and education policies. FundingNone.