Survey Of Macrofungi Research Articles

Survey of Volvariella (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) including Two New Species, V. neovolvacea and V. thailandensis, from Northern Thailand

During the period from 2018 to 2020, a survey of macrofungi in northern Thailand was conducted and seven specimens of Volvariella were collected. The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and large subunit (nrLSU) of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence data indicated that three specimens belonged to V. bombycina and V. volvacea. Four other specimens were distinct from all other known species within the genus Volvariella. We described these specimens as two new species, namely V. neovolvacea and V. thailandensis. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, line drawings, and a phylogenetic tree are provided to show the position of the two new species. The comparisons between morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species are also discussed.

Two New Amanita Species in Section Amanita from Thailand

Based on a survey of macro-fungi in northern and northeastern Thailand, nine samples collected in 2020 are identified as Amanita and introduced here as two new species, Amanita kalasinensis and A. ravicrocina. Typical macro- and microscopical characteristics indicate that both of these two species belong to Amanita section Amanita, but differ from other currently known species. Amanita kalasinensis is characterized by having a greyish yellow pileus covering with a conical to granuliform, yellowish white volval remnant; the presence of clamps; and a broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospore. Amanita ravicrocina is characterized by having a brown to greyish orange pileus covering with a patchy, white volval remnant; a collar-like volval remnant on the stipe; and a subglobose to broadly ellipsoid basidiospore. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of partial nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial nuclear rDNA large subunit region (nrLSU), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), and beta-tubulin gene (TUB) also revealed that positions of A. kalasinensis and A. ravicrocina are well-supported within A. section Amanita, but form distinct lineages and do not show any close relationship with any species. The detailed morphological features, line-drawing illustration, and comparison with morphological similar taxa are provided.

Chlorophyllum hortense newly recorded, and C. molybdites confirmed, from Pakistan

During a field survey of macrofungi from Kasur and Narowal districts, Punjab, Pakistan, some collections were found morphologically similar to species of Chlorophyllum. Their morphological and molecular analyses revealed two species, Chlorophyllum hortense (a new record from Pakistan) and C. molybdites (confirming a previous Pakistani record that lacked phylogenetic and detailed micro-morphological analyses).

Amanita pseudovaginata from Pakistan

Amanita pseudovaginata of Amanita subgenus Amanita sect. Vaginatae was found associated with Quercus spp. forests during a survey of macrofungi from oaks forests of Pakistan. The fruiting body was characterized morphoanatomically as well as by molecular analysis. The identification of the fungal symbiont as Amanita pseudovaginata was confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacer Region (ITS) sequences. Sporocarps were matched with published data available from Russia and China. Phylogenetic analyses and morphological descriptions are provided. This represents the first report of this species in Pakistan.

Survey of Macrofungi (including Truffles) in Qatar

Fourteen macrofungal genera belonging to 11 families and 7 orders were identified. These were isolated from different habitats (semi- desert, gardens, park, decayed roots of dead trees and under trees) in Qatar. Macrofungi are defined here as ascomycetes and basidiomycetes with large, conspicuous spore-bearing structures that form above or beneath ground. This study indicated that the distribution of macrofungi is dependent on the plant community and the environmental conditions.

A new species and a new combination of Rhodophana (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Africa

Multiple collections of a new member of the Entolomataceae were found in W National Park of Niger during a survey of macrofungi. This new species with a dark reddish brown scaly pileus surface and a yellow stipe belongs in the genus Rhodophana of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade in the Entolomataceae. Using a three-gene analysis of the phylogenetic position of Rhodophana flavipes it is most closely related to the recently described Rhodophana squamulosa from India and is a sister taxon to Rhodophana nitellina and R. melleopallens. Micromorphological examination of the type of Rhodocybe fibulata, another African species with a scaly cap, confirms that it belongs in Rhodophana, thus a new combination Rhodophana fibulata is proposed.

Preliminary studies of fungi in the Biebrza National Park. Part IV. Macromycetes – new data and the synthesis

The paper presents the last part of the results of the short-term inventory of fungi species in the Biebrza National Park and synthesises all the data gathered during two surveys, including the information published by other authors. The main body of research is focused on a survey of macrofungi identified with morphology-based methods. In case of some specimens molecular technics have been applied. In total 346 macrofungal taxa (21 belonging to ascomycetes and 325 to basidiomycetes) were found during the survey, including 186 species unobserved during the previous inventory in 2012. As a result of previous and ongoing studies, the current number of macrofungi recorded from the Biebrza National Park reached 508 species. Among them eight taxa are newly reported for Poland (<em>Conocybe velutipes</em> var. <em>nitrophila</em>, <em>Entoloma caeruleum</em>, <em>E. plebejoides</em>, <em>Inocybe rennyi</em>, <em>I. vulpinella</em>, <em>Pholiota pityrodes</em>, <em>Pholiotina utricystidiata</em>, and <em>Tomentella pilosa</em>). The next seven species (<em>Bovista paludosa</em>, <em>Fistulina hepatica</em>, <em>Ganoderma lucidum</em>, <em>Geastrum schmidelii</em>, <em>Inonotus obliquus</em>, <em>Tulostoma kotlabae</em>, and <em>Xerocomus parasiticus</em>) are protected by law and 95 species belong to red-listed species. The results of two intensive, but relatively short-term survey clearly indicate the Biebrza National Park as a hot spot of macrofungi and suggest the need to undertake extended and regular inventories also in other Polish national parks.

Preliminary studies of fungi in the Biebrza National Park (NE Poland). II. Macromycetes

This paper presents the second part of the results of the first short-term inventory of fungi species occurring in the Biebrza National Park and is focused on a survey of macrofungi. The total number of macrofungi found during the survey in late August 2012 was 289 taxa: 17 ascomycetes and 272 basidiomycetes, inhabiting diverse ecological niches. The identified fungi belonged to ectomycorrhizal symbionts and saprobionts decomposing wood, plant litter and animal remnants. The identity of 25 mycorrhizal fungi species has been confirmed using molecular techniques. Five species are newly reported for Poland (<em>Amanita olivaceogrisea, Lepiota lepida, Stropharia alcis, Xerocomus fennicus, X. cisalpinus</em>) and 225 taxa (79 %) were not known in the Biebrza National Park. Fifty species are endangered in Poland, of which nine species are protected by law. Data on species richness and the taxonomic diversity of the identified fungi are briefly commented in terms of their significance for nature conservation and future research.

Suillus flavidus and its ectomycorrhizae with Pinus wallichiana in Pakistan

Suillus flavidus (Boletales, Suillaceae) was found associated with Pinus wallichiana during a survey of macrofungi from moist coniferous forests of Pakistan. Both the fruiting body and ectomycorrhizae were characterized morpho-anatomically as well as by molecular analysis. This fungus is a new record for Pakistan and its ectomycorrhizae with Pinus wallichiana are described for the first time by molecular analysis.

Lepiota maculans, an Unusual Mushroom Rediscovered after 105 years

Abstract During a survey of macrofungi in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the summer of 2009, a species of Lepiota was recorded. This specimen is distinct in having pink to salmon to orange colors on the fruiting body and a pink spore deposit. After comparison with type material and a survey of the literature, we conclude this species is L. maculans Peck, described originally and known only from one collection in Missouri. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data supports placement within Lepiota of the Agaricaceae despite possessing a pink spore deposit. A complete morphological description, a description of the holotype, illustrations, and photographs are presented. This is the first report of L. maculans since its original description in 1905.

Survey of Macrofungi (including Truffles) in Qatar

Survey of Macrofungi (including Truffles) in Qatar

A survey of macrofungi in Edo/Delta region of Nigeria, their morphology and uses

A survey of macrofungi and their ethnomycology was carried out in Edo and Delta states (latitudes 4.87° to 7.12° E and longitudes 5° to 7.6° N) of Nigeria. The survey covers six selected local government areas (Burutu, Etsako East and West, Ovia South-West and Ukhumwonde) scattered across different vegetation zones in the region. Fifty three (53) species of macrofungi were encountered at the end of the survey, 26 species comprising of 23 basidiomycetes and 3 ascomycetes were fully enumerated. Auricularia auricula, Pleurotus spp, Schizophyllum commune and Volvariella volvaceae are eaten by 77% of the sampled communities. Analyses of their nutrient contents recorded over 55% per gram fibre, 11.77% per gram protein, between 7.16 and 12.63% per gram carbohydrate. Amanita phalloides, Daldinia concentrica, Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma resinaceus and Nothopanus sp are more frequently employed in the treatment of varying degrees of anemic, blood pressure, gastro-intestinal, homoeostatic, oral and rheumatic ailments. Lowland forest regions recorded greater species diversity and richness than other regions studied. Mushroom hunters, 45% women and 26% youths (ages 18-28), hunt for the in the wild to supply the mushroom needs of the inhabitants of the Edo/Delta region. The hunters are mostly guided by divergent and unwritten mushroom hunting codes while picking in the wild. Keywords: survey, macrofungi, edible, ethnomycology, Edo/Delta region Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences Vol. 12(2) 2006: 149-157