Survey Of Adolescents Research Articles

Treat Me Right: A Nationwide Study of the Social Determinants of the Differences among Black Adolescents in the U.S Being the Target of Bullying Behavior

Abstract: In 2019, 20% of students in the U.S. were bullied, with 85% of this bullying taking place at school. Bullying is associated with a litany of adverse health effects, including anxiety, depression, and substance misuse. Long-term adverse effects of bullying can include a greater likelihood of being involved in violence in adulthood, psychological disorders, ongoing substance misuse, school non-completion, and having a lower income. A key ingredient to reducing bullying among adolescents could be addressing social determinants as a means of increasing access to resources to engage in and maintain positive health behaviors. Using a CDC dataset of 553 Black adolescents, the researchers investigated if social determinants predisposed Black male and female young adults to being the targets of bullying behavior. Paramount to this discussion is how gender role socialization and manifestations of masculinity may influence this phenomenon. To help fill this gap in knowledge, this paper utilizes Critical Race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks employ secondary analysis of the Black adolescent male and female sample within the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey data from the Center for Disease Control as well as hierarchical logistical regression modeling to examine the relative impact of positive health behaviors, mental health, and key demographics on whether or not a respondent gets bullied. Further, to examine gender differences between these two groups, analyses are performed first for all Black adolescents of the sample and then separately for Black males and Black females. In light of the findings, the conclusion section revisits issues of gender role socialization and manifestations of masculinity around getting bullied.

English-Speaking Latinas Like Selena: A National Study of Latina Adolescent Intimate Partner Physical Violence during COVID

Abstract: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identifies Intimate Partner Physical Violence (IPPV) as a significant public health crisis for U.S. adolescents. During their lifetime, about 1 in 3 Latinas are affected. What has been understudied is the impact of IPPV on Latinx adolescents with data collected during the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. To address this gap in the literature, this paper analyzes the CDC’s Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES) data, as well as LatCrit theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks to interrogate the relative impact of key demographics, sexual behavior, and non-sexual risky behaviors on IPPV. In addition to analyzing data for the entire sample of Latinx students (n=1510), significant findings from the use of hierarchical logistic regressions indicate that girls who are not proficient in English (not boys), whose partners carry a gun, and who do not wear a seatbelt have a greater risk of ever experiencing IPPV.

Exploring the Gender Differences in Bullying, Mental Health, and Sexual Behaviors Amongst Latinx Youth

Abstract: According to the CDC, 19% of Hispanic and Latinx high school students reported experiencing bullying either online or physically. Bullying has many consequences, including mental health and risky sexual behaviors. Students that are more sexually active are more likely to experience bullying. Additionally, students who experience bullying are more likely to experience mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. Much of the existing literature has not touched upon Latinx high school students’ experiences with bullying and how they are impacted by mental health and sexual behavior. By taking the CDC’s Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey and utilizing logistic regression, this research paper examines the relative impact of mental health, sexual behavior, and key demographics on the likelihood of ever being bullied; and then examines how those relationships manifest for male students versus female students. Our findings showed that overall, mental health had an impact on Latinx students’ experience with bullying. These findings carry implications for future research and mental health initiatives targeted towards Latinx youth.

Black Female Adolescents and Sexual Violence: A Quantitative Investigation

Abstract: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Black teenagers are disproportionately impacted by sexual violence. It is estimated that millions of Black teens experience intimate interpersonal violence each year. Black girls are more likely than any other marginalized group to experience sexual violence. According to the National Center on Violence Against Black Women, it is estimated that one in four Black girls will be sexually assaulted before the age of 18. The more information one has concerning how social determinants serve as conduits and barriers to the prevalence of sexual violence, the more beneficial to all communities, and especially Black girls and women. To help fill this gap in knowledge, this paper utilizes critical race theory and intersectionality as theoretical frameworks; employs secondxary analysis of the Black adolescent girls sample within the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as well as hierarchical logistical regression modeling to examine the relative impact of positive health behaviors, sexual behavior, and key demographics on whether a respondent had ever experienced sexual violence. Further, to examine gender differences across these relationships for Black adolescents, analyses are performed first for both genders and then separately for male and female respondents. The findings suggest that Black adolescent females who do not engage in risky health behaviors are less likely to experience sexual violence. This study demonstrates that the experience of sexual violence is not directly correlated with risky health behaviors, but the results do suggest that overindulgence in any of the identified risky behavior could create a climate conducive for the experience of sexual violence.

다문화 청소년의 스트레스 요인과 스트레스, 건강평가, 삶의 만족 간의 구조관계 분석

The purpose of this study is to specifically identify the stress factors of multicultural youth and analyze the relationship between stress, health, and life satisfaction, and provide implications for stress management and life satisfaction. The study population was 2,022 participants (5th graders) of the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey (2nd cohort) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute, and was analyzed using a structural regression model. First, personal factors had the greatest impact on stress, followed by academic and family factors. Second, stress had a negative effect on both health assessment and life satisfaction, and the effect size was the same. Third, self-rated health assessment had a positive effect on life satisfaction. It is noteworthy that personal factors had a higher impact on stress than academic and family factors, suggesting that it is important to increase the positive self-concept and self-esteem of multicultural adolescents. It also reaffirms the importance of managing stress in order to improve health assessment and life satisfaction.urpose

Ethnic Minority Contact and the Similarities between Adolescent-Reported Parental and Self-Reported Far Right-Wing Attitudes

AbstractRecent developments in society, together with an increase in the number of far-right motivated crimes in Germany, suggest that far right-wing attitudes are becoming increasingly popular within public opinion. Since political attitudes are shaped within the family and peer setting during the adolescent stage, assessing the potential interplay of family and peer relationships with regard to such attitudes appears essential. The present study aims to explore (1) the relationship between perceived parental far right-wing attitudes, as reported by adolescents, and adolescents’ self-reported far right-wing attitudes, as well as (2) the unique and moderating effects of variables related to the contact hypothesis (ethnic minority friends and exposure to ethnic minority group members in the social environment). Using data from a representative school survey of seventh and ninth grade German adolescents, multilevel linear regression models indicated a statistically significant positive association between adolescent-reported parental far right-wing attitudes and adolescents’ far right-wing attitudes. Furthermore, the analyses demonstrated a small but statistically significant moderating effect of friendship with individuals of an ethnic minority: the relationship between parental and adolescent far right-wing attitudes was weaker for adolescents who had more ethnic minority friends. Thus, adolescents who were friends with individuals of an ethnic minority appeared to be less congruent with their parents’ far right-wing attitudes, compared to adolescents without any ethnic minority friends. In contrast, the overall level of exposure to ethnic minority group members in the social environment did not affect the strength of the relationship between perceived parental and adolescent far right-wing attitudes.

Cannabis legalization and driving under the influence of cannabis and driving under the influence of alcohol among adult and adolescent drivers in Ontario, Canada (2001–2019)

BackgroundThe impacts of cannabis legalization on driving under the influence of cannabis and driving under the influence of alcohol among adults and adolescents were examined in Ontario, Canada. MethodsData were sourced from adult (N=38,479) and adolescent (N=23,216) populations-based surveys (2001–2019). The associations between cannabis legalization and driving within an hour of using cannabis and driving within an hour of drinking two or more drinks of alcohol were quantified using logistic regression, with testing of multiplicative interactions between cannabis legalization and age and sex. All analyses were conducted separately for adults and adolescents and restricted to participants with a valid driver’s license. ResultsCannabis legalization was not associated with driving within an hour of using cannabis among adults (OR, 95% CI: 1.21, 0.69–2.11). However, a multiplicative interaction indicated that there was an increased likelihood of driving within an hour of using cannabis among adults ≥55 years of age (4.23, 1.85–9.71) pre-post cannabis legalization. Cannabis legalization was not associated with driving within an hour of using cannabis among adolescents (0.92, 0.72–1.16), or with driving within an hour of consuming two or more drinks of alcohol among adults (0.78, 0.51–1.20) or adolescents (0.87, 0.42–1.82). ConclusionsAn increased likelihood of driving under the influence of cannabis among adults ≥55 years of age was detected in the year following cannabis legalization, suggesting the need for greater public awareness and education and police monitoring and enforcement concerning driving under the influence of cannabis, particularly among older adults.

Sociodemographic differences in use of nicotine, cannabis, and non-nicotine E-cigarette devices

BackgroundSociodemographic differences in e-cigarette use have been documented; however, disparities in use of specific e-cigarette types with various ingredients have yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study examines ever- and past-30-day-use of nicotine, cannabis, and non-nicotine e-cigarette device types by sex, sexual orientation, race/ethnicity, and financial comfort. MethodsData were drawn from a 2021 national cross-sectional survey of adolescents, young adults, and adults (N = 6131, ages 13–40 years old). Participants reported ever and past-30-day-use of (1) disposable nicotine e-cigarettes, (2) pod/cartridge-based nicotine e-cigarettes, (3) “other” nicotine e-cigarettes, (4) non-nicotine e-cigarettes, (5) e-cigarettes with THC, and (6) e-cigarettes with CBD. We constructed summary tables for each e-cigarette device type in which percentages of ever and past-30-day-use were calculated by birth year category and sociodemographic variables: (a) sex, (b) sexual orientation, (c) race/ethnicity, and (d) financial comfort. ResultsFemales born between 1996 and 2008 reported higher rates of past-30-day disposable e-cigarette use relative to males (females 26.4%; males 22.4%). Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, LGBTQ+ participants reported higher overall rates of past-30-day-use for disposable (LGBTQ+ 27.9%; Heterosexual 23.8%), THC (LGBTQ+ 30.8%; Heterosexual 24.1%), and CBD e-cigarettes (LGBTQ+ 20.0%; Heterosexual 16.9%). Hispanic/Latino participants generally reported higher rates of past-30-day-use across device types relative to those identifying as Black or White non-Hispanic, particularly disposable nicotine e-cigarettes. ConclusionsFindings highlight sociodemographic disparities in e-cigarette use, though differences varied based on e-cigarette device type and participant birth year category. Tailored preventive efforts may be necessary to mitigate e-cigarette use among populations at highest risk.

The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale in Australian adolescents: Analysis of the second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing.

The 10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is used to screen adolescents for mental disorders in Australian clinical practice; however, there are no Australian adolescent normative data. Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample (N = 2964) of Australian adolescents (11-17 years). This study had three aims: (1) to examine concurrent validity between the K10 and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) emotional symptoms subscale, (2) to establish normative Australian adolescent K10 data and (3) to determine optimal K10 cut-off scores for screening for major depressive disorder (MDD) via receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and stratum-specific likelihood ratios. The K10 and SDQ emotional symptoms scales were moderately correlated (rs = 0.63, p < 0.001). Older female adolescents reported higher total K10 scores compared with younger female adolescents (15-17 years: M = 20.2, standard error [SE] = 0.3; 11-14 years: M = 16.8, SE = 0.3) and male adolescents (11-14 years: M = 16.6, SE = 0.2; 15-17 years: M = 16.0, SE=0.2). K10 scores to optimally discriminate those with and without MDD varied by age and sex and had low specificities. Stratum-specific likelihood ratios indicated adolescents with a K10 score of ≥30 will have a 12.9 (95% confidence interval = [10.2, 16.2]) increased likelihood of MDD. The K10 has utility for assessing psychological distress in health care and epidemiological research in Australian adolescents. Adolescents with K10 scores in the 'very high' range are at increased risk of MDD. Further assessment of these young people is indicated to identify those with or at risk of developing MDD.

The Ethical Concept of Shame as a Social Regulator of the Students’ Behaviour

The aim of the research is to study the impact of the ethical concept of “shame” on the moral consciousness and behaviour of adolescents in high school. To do this, an analysis of the concept of “shame” in special literature was carried out, as well as an analysis of the content of this concept in the minds of adolescents; the main substantive signs of its lexical representations of various morphological natures were revealed: negativity, reason, external orientation of emotion, and internal emotional traits. The survey of adolescents also established the degree of effectiveness of shame as a social regulator and modifier. The insufficient regulatory and modification effectiveness of the concept of “shame” revealed in the course of theresearch is influenced by several factors: a value crisis in the spiritual state of modern society; psychological characteristics of adolescence; shortcomings of the idea of shame formed in the minds of adolescents (a superficial understanding of emotion, an insignificant degree of the emotions of fear and guilt in the shame complex, lack of logical awareness of cause-and-effect relationships). To eliminate these shortcomings and increase the effectiveness of the concept of shame as a social regulator of adolescents' behaviour, it is necessary to carry out significant work on organizing a system of work on the formation of ideas about shame in adolescents, on their inclusion in practical activities to form the ethical concept under study in the family and school.

The Asymmetric Effects of the Transitions Into and out of Bullying Victimization on Depressive Symptoms: The Protective Role of Parental Education

PurposeThis study aims to examine the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms among youth from multicultural families in Korea, while distinguishing between the effects of entering and exiting bullying victimization. This study also investigates whether parental education moderates this association. MethodsUsing data from the Multicultural Adolescent Panel Survey, a nationally representative sample of children from multicultural families in Korea, this study employed novel asymmetric fixed-effects models that separately assess the effects of entering and exiting bullying victimization. Interaction models were conducted to consider the moderating roles of maternal and paternal college attainment. ResultsConventional fixed-effects models showed that bullying victimization is significantly associated with an increase in depressive symptoms (b = 0.261). Asymmetric fixed-effects models suggest that the magnitude of the entry effect (b = 0.299) was significantly larger than that of the exit effect (b = −0.237). Furthermore, maternal college education amplified the mental health benefits of exiting from bullying victimization but did not buffer the harmful effects of entering bullying victimization. Gender-stratified analyses indicate that this protective effect of maternal college education was only significant for girls. Paternal college education, on the other hand, did not moderate either the entry or exit effects of bullying victimization. DiscussionThe study’s findings on the asymmetric effects of bullying victimization on depressive symptoms emphasize the importance of providing follow-up care and mental health support for multicultural family youth who have experienced bullying, with particular attention to those with a history of victimization.

Leisure Activities are Associated with Self-Efficacy in Childhood and Adolescence

Leisure activities during childhood and adolescence play important roles in individual development. They may also contribute to self-efficacy (SE), which is a key psychological construct of Bandura’s social cognitive theory. Here we test to what extent SE is related leisure engagement by using data from a large-scale representative cross-sectional survey of German children, adolescents, and younger adults (N = 7,158). As predicted, sports, book reading, music, and SE were positively, but computer gaming was negatively correlated, even after controlling for a range of covariates. These findings confirm and extend previous work to suggest that engagement in popular leisure activities, except computer gaming, are positively associated with the development of individual self-efficacy during the first decades of life.

Identifying disparities in suicidal thoughts and behaviors among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundSuicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) became more common among racial and ethnic minorities and sexual and gender minorities (SGM) during the COVID-19 pandemic relative to White and non-SGM adolescents. This study examines associations between pandemic-related stressors and STBs among a nationally representative sample of adolescents to identify vulnerable subpopulations. MethodsWe analyzed data from 6769 high school students using the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey. Pandemic-related stressors were assessed via seven items related to negative experiences (e.g., parent job loss; food insecurity) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Logistic regression analyses estimated the association between pandemic-related stressors and four outcomes: (1) sadness/hopelessness; (2) suicidal ideation; (3) suicide planning; and (4) recent suicide attempt (i.e., past 12 months). Interactions were modeled by sex, race/ethnicity, and sexual identity. ResultsA greater number of pandemic-related stressors was associated with higher odds for sadness and hopelessness (aOR: 1.55; 95% CI:1.44–1.67), suicidal ideation (aOR: 1.48; 95% CI:1.39–1.57), suicide planning (aOR:1.47; 95% CI: 1.36–1.59), and recent suicide attempt (aOR: 1.64; 95% CI:1.42–1.88). Pandemic-related stressors were also more strongly associated with some types of STBs in males (relative to females) and SGM females (relative to heterosexual females). ConclusionStudy findings indicate that pandemic-related stressors are associated with STBs within the US adolescent population, particularly among male and SGM female adolescents. Researchers are encouraged to use this knowledge to ensure nationwide suicide prevention efforts adequately address inequities in suicide risk.

Surveying Adolescents During a Pandemic: Comparison of Adolescents Recruited via Social Media vs. Schools.

School-based surveys of adolescents can be logistically difficult and exclude students who do not attend school. Social media recruitment could be a promising strategy to recruit representative samples of adolescents. However, few studies have compared adolescent survey data collected via different methodologies. Our team was conducting a school-based survey when the COVID-19 pandemic closed all schools, necessitating a shift to online adolescent recruitment. To achieve our goal of obtaining a sample of high school students throughout California, we placed ads on social media. We compared the adolescents recruited in schools with those recruited on social media on demographic characteristics, mental health, and substance use. The sample of students recruited in schools (N = 737) and adolescents recruited via social media (N = 953) did not differ significantly on gender or substance use. However, compared with school-based recruitment, social media recruitment yielded a higher proportion of boys, whites, and Asians and a lower proportion of girls, Hispanic/Latinx adolescents, and those who spoke other languages at home. The social media sample had significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress than the school-based sample. Results indicate that social media can be useful for recruiting adolescents for survey research, especially if strategies such as Spanish-language social media ads are used to recruit and consent Hispanic/Latinx adolescents and those with non-English-speaking parents. This method could potentially replace school-based surveys in cases where schools are unwilling to participate in research, or it could be used to supplement school-based samples. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed.

Exploring Adolescent Moral Reasoning in Middle School: Relational Systemic Paradigm Study

This study aimed to describe the level of moral reasoning of adolescents in Yogyakarta with different levels of education as a measuring tool for comparison of results and examine them using a systemic-relational paradigm. The research design was a quantitative descriptive survey of adolescents in three secondary schools using purposive sampling. There were 94 junior high school, 93 high school, and 90 vocational high school students. The instrument used in this study was Rest's Defining Issues Test (DIT2) to measure adolescent moral reasoning. The results showed that students' ethical reasoning at different levels of education was mainly at level II (conventional), with stage 4, which was oriented towards legal, social, and religious order, or law and order. The data were then analysed and reviewed using a relational systemic paradigm approach to determine the factors that influence the moral reasoning of adolescents at school. Students' moral reasoning is influenced by their interactions with their environment, family, peers, educational institutions, personal experiences, culture, religion, and perceptions of justice and truth. This paradigm recognises that moral reasoning is not only the result of individual processes but is also influenced by broader environmental factors. Therefore, moral education must focus on students' social and ecological contexts to facilitate the development of better moral reasoning.

Abstract 17653: Neighborhood Deprivation and Cardiovascular Health in US Adolescents, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018

Introduction: AHA “Life’s Essential 8” scores cardiovascular health (CVH) as good, intermediate or poor based on diet, physical activity, sleep, tobacco exposure, cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose, and body mass index. CVH of the US population remains suboptimal, and the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and CVH in youth has not been fully explored. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that high neighborhood deprivation is associated with intermediate/poor CVH in adolescents. Methods: Using 2007-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, we examined the relationship between neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and CVH status in adolescents. NDI was created from 2010 US Census data and reflects neighborhood level income, housing, education, and poverty status. Higher NDI indicates greater neighborhood deprivation. NDI values were divided into tertiles for analysis. We used proc survey logistic to assess the odds of poor/intermediate CVH status among youth living within high and intermediate compared to low deprivation communities. The model was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity-race, household reference education and marital status, family poverty, rural vs urban residence and Citizenship status. All analyses were conducted using SAS 9.4, p&lt;0.05 . Results: We evaluated data from 3894 individuals, representative of 57,195,556 US adolescents 13 to 18 years of age. Most adolescents were non-Hispanic white (67%), male (51%), US Citizens (96%), mean age of 15 years, with an even distribution of youth living within low, intermediate and high deprivation neighborhoods (Table 1). We identified 31% greater odds of intermediate/poor CVH status among youth living within the most deprived communities (Table 2). Conclusions: Greater NDI associates with worse CVH in US adolescents. Public health initiatives should consider using NDI to tailor efforts in designing intervention strategies to preserve CVH status in US adolescents.

Measuring dissociation across adolescence and adulthood: developing the short-form Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly scale (ČEFSA-14).

Dissociation may be important across many mental health disorders, but has been variously conceptualised and measured. We introduced a conceptualisation of a common type of dissociative experience, 'felt sense of anomaly' (FSA), and developed a corresponding measure, the Černis Felt Sense of Anomaly (ČEFSA) scale. We aimed to develop a short-form version of the ČEFSA that is valid for adolescent and adult respondents. Data were collected from 1031 adult NHS patients with psychosis and 932 adult and 1233 adolescent non-clinical online survey respondents. Local structural equation modelling (LSEM) was used to establish measurement invariance of items across the age range. Ant colony optimisation (ACO) was used to produce a 14-item short-form measure. Finally, the expected test score function derived from item response theory modelling guided the establishment of interpretive scoring ranges. LSEM indicated 25 items of the original 35-item ČEFSA were age invariant. They were also invariant across gender and clinical status. ACO of these items produced a 14-item short-form (ČEFSA-14) with excellent psychometric properties (CFI=0.992; TLI=0.987; RMSEA=0.034; SRMR=0.017; Cronbach's alpha=0.92). Score ranges were established based on the expected test scores at approximately 0.7, 1.25 and 2.0 theta (equivalent to standard deviations above the mean). Scores of 29 and above may indicate elevated levels of FSA-dissociation. The ČEFSA-14 is a psychometrically valid measure of FSA-dissociation for adolescents and adults. It can be used with clinical and non-clinical respondents. It could be used by clinicians as an initial tool to explore dissociation with their clients.

Clinical Outcomes of Adolescents With Anterior Shoulder Instability and Glenolabral Articular Disruption Lesions Compared With Isolated Bankart Lesions.

Glenolabral articular disruption (GLAD) lesions may occur in adolescents with anterior shoulder instability, resulting in articular cartilage loss and reduced functional glenoid surface area. To compare failure rates and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between adolescents with versus without GLAD lesions who were treated for anterior shoulder instability with arthroscopic stabilization. It was hypothesized that the comparison would yield no significant differences. Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Patients aged ≤18 years who were treated for anterior shoulder instability with arthroscopic stabilization between 2010 and 2021 were retrospectively identified. Those patients with a GLAD lesion identified at the time of surgery were compared with patients with >2 years of retrospective follow-up who were matched to the no-GLAD cohort according to pathology and management. Demographic and patient characteristics including recurrent instability, complications, and reoperations were recorded. All patients in the GLAD cohort were contacted to obtain PRO data, including the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation; the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire; and the Pediatric Adolescent Shoulder Survey. Patients were also asked about recurrent instability and additional shoulder problems. Of 35 included patients (mean age, 15.4 ± 1.6 years; 80% male), 15 patients (43%) with GLAD lesions and 26 patients without GLAD lesions were identified. Both cohorts had similar patient characteristics, number of anchors, and anchor constructs; the mean follow-up period was significantly different (GLAD vs no-GLAD, 6.9 ± 3.3 vs 3.4 ± 1.2 years, respectively; P < .001). Seven of 15 GLAD patients (46.7%) underwent loose body removal; 4 of 15 GLAD patients (26.6%) and 9 of 26 no-GLAD patients (34.6%) had recurrent subjective instability (P = .7). No significant group differences were found in PRO scores, reoperation rates (15% no-GLAD vs 20% GLAD), or percentage of patients with recurrent instability between cohorts (P > .05). Adolescent patients with and without GLAD lesions treated arthroscopically for anterior shoulder instability had similar PROs and failure rates at intermediate duration of follow-up. GLAD lesions may be managed in a similar surgical manner as isolated Bankart tears in teenagers, with expectations of similar outcomes.

1 Perceived Cognitive Impairment in High School Students in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective:The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), conducted by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2019, revealed that a large percentage of boys (30%) and girls (45%) reported serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions as a result of a physical, mental, or emotional problem. In 2021, the CDC conducted the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES). The ABES included similar methodology and content as the YRBS. This study analyzed ABES data to examine correlates of perceived cognitive impairment among high school students in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.Participants and Methods:The ABES was a one-time, online survey that was conducted to assess and evaluate the challenges that high-school aged youth experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students’ perceived cognitive impairment was assessed using the same question used in the 2019 YRBS: 'Because of a physical, mental, or emotional problem, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions?' Response options were binary: 'Yes’ or 'No.' The students’ responses were evaluated in relation to nine adversity, mental health, and lifestyle variables.Results:Participants were 6,992 students, age 14 to 18, with 3,294 boys (47%) and 3,698 girls (53%). A large proportion endorsed experiencing serious difficulties concentrating, remembering, and making decisions (45%). Girls (56%) were significantly more likely to endorse perceived cognitive impairment compared to boys (33%) [X2(1)=392.55, p&lt;.001; OR=2.66, 95% CI=2.41-2.93]. Youth who reported that their mental health was poor most of the time or always were very likely to report perceived cognitive impairment (boys: 67%; girls: 81%). Binary logistic regressions were used to examine the associations between perceived cognitive impairment, adversity, and lifestyle variables while controlling for mental health. These analyses were conducted separately for boys [X2(9)=596.70, p&lt;.001; Nagelkerke R2=.24] and girls [x2(9)=883.35, p&lt;.001; Nagelkerke R2=.30]. After controlling for current mental health, significant independent predicters of cognitive problems in boys and girls included: a lifetime history of discrimination based on race or ethnicity, lifetime history of being sexually assaulted or abused, lifetime history of using illicit drugs, being bullied in the past year, current marijuana use, and getting insufficient sleep (5 of fewer hours per night). Participation in sports and exercising regularly were both independently associated with lower rates of cognitive impairment.Conclusions:Perceived cognitive impairment was endorsed by a strikingly high percentage of high school students in 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of high school aged girls and one third of boys reported having serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, and making decisions. These rates are considerably higher than in 2019. Current mental health, unfair treatment because of race or ethnicity, being sexually assaulted, being bullied, drug use, and insufficient sleep were associated with perceived cognitive impairment. Indicators of a physically active lifestyle (participation in sports and exercising regularly) were associated with lower rates of cognitive problems.

Gambaran Pola Makan Remaja dan Status Gizi di SMA Swasta Katolik Budi Murni 2 Medan Tahun 2023

Background: Nutritional status is a condition caused by a balance between the intake of nutrients from food with the needs of nutrients needed for the body's metabolism. Nutritional status in adolescents often experience food intake, causing nutritional imbalances in the body. Adolescents who are malnourished will cause the body's immune system to become weak so that it is susceptible to disease, especially the risk of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases. Imbalance of food consumed with the needs in adolescents can cause nutritional problems, both undernourished and overnourished. Based on an initial survey of adolescents at Budi Murni 2 Catholic Private High School Medan, it was found that the nutritional status was less than 20%. Objective: This study aims to determine the picture of adolescent diet with nutritional status at Budi Murni 2 Catholic Private High School Medan in 2023. Methods: This study was descriptive with a cross-sectional design. The population is 425 people, with a sample of 70 people, using simple random sampling techniques. Data collection using interview and observation techniques using questionnaires. Results: The results of the study found that the diet of adolescents staple foods with sufficient categories was 62.9%, animal side dishes in the sufficient category by 67.1%, sufficient vegetable side dishes by 68.6%, sufficient vegetables by 51.4%, sufficient fruits by 51.4%, more snacks by 50.0% and sufficient drinks by 62.9% while the nutritional status of the normal category was 58.6%. Conclusion: It is expected that adolescents can regulate a good and regular diet by eating three times a day and consuming staple foods, side dishes, vegetables, fruits and water in a balanced manner.