Survey Mode Research Articles

Alcohol's harm to others in 2021: Who bears the burden?

Alcohol's harm to others (AHTO) has become a key driver of national and international alcohol policy. This study aimed to produce a contemporary, comprehensive estimate of the correlates and harms from others' drinking in 2021 in Australia. Across Australia, 2574 adults (1380 women; 1172 men) were sampled via two cross-sectional survey modes: a random-digit dial mobile phone sample of 1000 people and 1574 people from the Life in Australia™ panel survey. In 2021 participants were asked about harms they had experienced from the drinking of family, friends, co-workers and the public in the past year. Applying combined sample weights from each mode, bivariable and adjusted multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse differences in rates of AHTO by participant gender, age, residence in rural or metropolitan regions, country of birth, education and employment. In 2021, 23.6% reported being negatively affected by strangers' drinking and 21.3% by the drinking of someone they knew, with 34.3% reporting being negatively affected a lot or a little by either; 42.4% of respondents reported specific harms from strangers' drinking. Thus, 48.1% of respondents reported any harm (negative effects or specific harms) from others' drinking. Women, younger people, Australian-born and heavier episodic drinkers reported significantly higher rates of AHTO compared with other respondents. Smaller percentages (7.5%) of participants reported being harmed substantially by others' drinking, including by people they knew (5.8%) or strangers (2.3%). Stratified analyses showed that heavier drinking, furloughed, younger men who were born overseas in English-speaking countries were affected by others' drinking, whereas women were affected regardless of these factors (apart from age). More than one-third of Australian adults appear to have been negatively affected by others' drinking in 2021, with women, younger people and heavier drinkers at greater risk. Substantial harm appears to be more likely to arise from the drinking of people Australians know than from strangers' drinking.

Effect of the Data Collection Method on Mobile Phone Survey Participation in Bangladesh and Tanzania: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Crossover Trial.

Mobile phone surveys provide a novel opportunity to collect population-based estimates of public health risk factors; however, nonresponse and low participation challenge the goal of collecting unbiased survey estimates. This study compares the performance of computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) and interactive voice response (IVR) survey modalities for noncommunicable disease risk factors in Bangladesh and Tanzania. This study used secondary data from a randomized crossover trial. Between June 2017 and August 2017, study participants were identified using the random digit dialing method. Mobile phone numbers were randomly allocated to either a CATI or IVR survey. The analysis examined survey completion, contact, response, refusal, and cooperation rates of those who received the CATI and IVR surveys. Differences in survey outcomes between modes were assessed using multilevel, multivariable logistic regression models to adjust for confounding covariates. These analyses were adjusted for clustering effects by mobile network providers. For the CATI surveys, 7044 and 4399 phone numbers were contacted in Bangladesh and Tanzania, respectively, and 60,863 and 51,685 phone numbers, respectively, were contacted for the IVR survey. The total numbers of completed interviews in Bangladesh were 949 for CATI and 1026 for IVR and in Tanzania were 447 for CATI and 801 for IVR. Response rates for CATI were 5.4% (377/7044) in Bangladesh and 8.6% (376/4391) in Tanzania; response rates for IVR were 0.8% (498/60,377) in Bangladesh and 1.1% (586/51,483) in Tanzania. The distribution of the survey population was significantly different from the census distribution. In both countries, IVR respondents were younger, were predominantly male, and had higher education levels than CATI respondents. IVR respondents had a lower response rate than CATI respondents in Bangladesh (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=0.73, 95% CI 0.54-0.99) and Tanzania (AOR=0.32, 95% CI 0.16-0.60). The cooperation rate was also lower with IVR than with CATI in Bangladesh (AOR=0.12, 95% CI 0.07-0.20) and Tanzania (AOR=0.28, 95% CI 0.14-0.56). Both in Bangladesh (AOR=0.33, 95% CI 0.25-0.43) and Tanzania (AOR=0.09, 95% CI 0.06-0.14), there were fewer completed interviews with IVR than with CATI; however, there were more partial interviews with IVR than with CATI in both countries. There were lower completion, response, and cooperation rates with IVR than with CATI in both countries. This finding suggests that, to increase representativeness in certain settings, a selective approach may be needed to design and deploy mobile phone surveys to increase population representativeness. Overall, CATI surveys may offer a promising approach for surveying potentially under-represented groups like women, rural residents, and participants with lower levels of education in some countries.

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF TEAMWORK ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK ATTITUDE AND JOB SATISFACTION OF TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of teamwork on the relationship between work attitude and job satisfaction of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur. Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Medgraph using Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found out that the overall mean scores of teamwork, work attitude and job satisfaction of teachers are very high. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between work attitude and job satisfaction, between work attitude and teamwork and between teamwork and job satisfaction of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was a partial mediation effect of teamwork on the relationship between work attitude and job satisfaction of teachers.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0087/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Disparities in COVID-19 Hospitalization at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity and Income.

Existing studies have elucidated racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 hospitalizations, but few have examined disparities at the intersection of race and ethnicity and income. We used a population-based probability survey of non-institutionalized adults in Michigan with a polymerase chain reaction-positive SARS-CoV-2 test before November 16, 2020. We categorized respondents by race and ethnicity and annual household income: low-income (< $50,000) Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, high-income (≥ $50,000) NH Black, low-income Hispanic, high-income Hispanic, low-income NH White, and high-income NH White. We used modified Poisson regression models, adjusting for sex, age group, survey mode, and sample wave, to estimate COVID-19 hospitalization prevalence ratios by race and ethnicity and income. Over half of the analytic sample (n = 1593) was female (54.9%) and age 45 or older (52.5%), with 14.5% hospitalized for COVID-19. Hospitalization was most prevalent among low-income (32.9%) and high-income (31.2%) Non-Hispanic (NH) Black adults, followed by low-income NH White (15.3%), low-income Hispanic (12.9%), high-income NH White (9.6%), and high-income Hispanic adults (8.8%). In adjusted models, NH Black adults, regardless of income (low-income prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.36-2.54; high-income PR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.07-2.31), and low-income NH White adults (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12-2.07), had higher prevalence of hospitalization compared to high-income NH White adults. We observed no significant difference in the prevalence of hospitalization among Hispanic adults relative to high-income NH White adults. We observed disparities in COVID-19 hospitalization at the intersection of race and ethnicity and income for NH Black adults and low-income NH White adults relative to high-income NH White adults, but not for Hispanic adults.

A Web-Based Audio Computer-Assisted Self-interview Application With Illustrated Pictures to Administer a Hepatitis B Survey Among a Myanmar-Born Community in Perth, Australia: Development and User Acceptance Study.

Self-administered paper or electronic surveys can create accessibility issues for people with language barriers and limited literacy, whereas face-to-face interviews can create privacy issues and give rise to reporting biases, particularly in the context of sensitive subject matters. An audio computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) offers an alternative mode of survey administration, and its use has been tested against other survey modes to determine whether the presence of a background narration helps overcome literacy and privacy issues. There are still gaps with the ACASI survey administration because audio narration alone does not assist respondents with limited literacy in choosing response options. To overcome literacy issues, a few studies have used illustrated pictures for a limited number of response options. This study aimed to illustrate all the questions and response options in an ACASI application. This research is part of a larger study comparing different modes of survey administration (ACASI, face-to-face interviews, and self-administered paper surveys) to collect data on hepatitis B knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the Myanmar-born community in Perth, Australia. This study describes the 2-phase process of developing a web-based ACASI application using illustrated pictures. The first phase was the preparation of the ACASI elements, such as questionnaire, pictures, brief descriptions of response options, and audio files. Each element was pretested on 20 participants from the target population. The second phase involved synchronizing all the elements into the web-based ACASI application and adapting the application features, in particular, autoplay audio and illustrated pictures. The preprototype survey application was tested for user acceptance on 5 participants from the target population, resulting in minor adjustments to the display and arrangement of response options. After a 12-month development process, the prototype ACASI application with illustrated pictures was fully functional for electronic survey administration and secure data storage and export. Pretesting each element separately was a useful approach because it saved time to reprogram the application at a later stage. Future studies should also consider the participatory development of pictures and visual design of user interfaces. This picture-assisted ACASI survey administration mode can be further developed and used to collect sensitive information from populations that are usually marginalized because of literacy and language barriers.

From customer understanding to design for processability: Reconceptualizing the formal product innovation work process for non-assembled products

This paper explores company design of a formal work process for non-assembled products, using a survey mode of inquiry with a follow-up questionnaire in an interactive dialogue with selected case-companies. The preliminary findings suggest that in the development or reconfiguration of company product innovation work processes in the process industries, it is advisable to design a work process that is adapted to inherent and contextual process-industrial conditions. It is further indicated that such a product innovation work process requires greater product and process integration from ideation to product launch and increased focus on the industrialization phase. The proposed novel five-phase structural model presented in a Stage-Gate format, can be deployed as a guiding template in company development or reconfiguration of an enhanced product innovation work process for the development of non-assembled products.

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF GENERAL SELF-EFFICACY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP OF SCHOOL HEADS AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT OF TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of general self-efficacy on the relationship between the transformational leadership of school heads and the organizational commitment of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public-school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur in the province of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Medgraph using Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found out that there is a very high level of mean scores for transformational leadership of school heads, a very high level of the mean score for the organizational commitment of teachers and a high level of general self-efficacy for teachers. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between the transformational leadership of school heads and the organizational commitment of teachers, between the transformational leadership of school heads and general self-efficacy of teachers, and between general self-efficacy and organizational commitment of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was a full mediation effect of general self-efficacy on the relationship between the transformation leadership of school heads and the organizational commitment of teachers.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0025/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Assessing survey mode effects in the 2019 EP elections: A comparison of online and face-to-face-survey data from six European countries

The quality of online survey data is sometimes seen as inferior compared to probabilistic face-to-face surveys. Extending existing research beyond the commonly studied cases, we analyse six European countries, comparing data from a representative online survey fielded for the 2019 EP elections to the European Social Survey 9 and EB 91.5. We assess the effects of survey mode in terms of representativeness compared to validated benchmarks, as well as with inferences about party identification and vote choice. While we do find some differences in the marginal distributions compared to sociodemographic and electoral benchmarks, the inferential models when using online survey data as compared to face-to-face surveys are not substantially different.

MP54-09 CAN REMOTE ADMINISTRATION OF WISCONSIN STONE QUALITY OF LIFE (WISQOL) SURVEY REPLACE IN-PERSON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES IN THE TELEMEDICINE ERA?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP54-09 CAN REMOTE ADMINISTRATION OF WISCONSIN STONE QUALITY OF LIFE (WISQOL) SURVEY REPLACE IN-PERSON HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE MEASURES IN THE TELEMEDICINE ERA? Emily Davidson, Margaret Knoedler, Rachael Sherrer, Shuang Li, Sara Best, Kristina Penniston, and Stephen Nakada Emily DavidsonEmily Davidson More articles by this author , Margaret KnoedlerMargaret Knoedler More articles by this author , Rachael SherrerRachael Sherrer More articles by this author , Shuang LiShuang Li More articles by this author , Sara BestSara Best More articles by this author , Kristina PennistonKristina Penniston More articles by this author , and Stephen NakadaStephen Nakada More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003307.09AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life questionnaire (WISQOL) is a validated, stone-specific measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Telemedicine has become integral to our healthcare system. Therefore, we compared the feasibility and reliability of assessing patients’ HRQOL remotely. METHODS: WISQOL responses of patients from urology or stone prevention clinics between April 2020 and January 2022 were collected. Patients completed the WISQOL in clinic, via telephone, or by mail. We aimed for approximately 250 responses. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach alpha coefficient; univariate analysis was used to compare responses. RESULTS: Patients (n=270) completed the WISQOL in clinic (n=90), via telephone (n=90), and by mail (n=90). Mean time/telephone survey was 8.3±2.4 minutes. WISQOL completion time in person, measured in a prior study, was approximately 5 minutes. Demographics between groups were similar as was prevalence of symptomatic patients at WISQOL completion (32%, 37%, and 27% for clinic, telephone, and mail, respectively). Compared to asymptomatic patients, symptomatic patients reported worse HRQOL when surveyed by mail vs. telephone (45.1 vs 62.7 for total standardized WISQOL score, p<0.001) or in clinic (45.1 vs 56.5, p=0.025). WISQOL scores were not different between groups for asymptomatic patients (all p>0.05). Survey modality demonstrated consistency across measures (Cronbach alpha≥0.972). CONCLUSIONS: WISQOL responses differed based on administration modality. Symptomatic patients were more likely to report worse HRQOL if completing the WISQOL by mail. However, modalities were internally consistent. Further investigation should examine response rates and survey completion time by administration modality, which may explain differences in responses. Source of Funding: N/A. © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e757 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Emily Davidson More articles by this author Margaret Knoedler More articles by this author Rachael Sherrer More articles by this author Shuang Li More articles by this author Sara Best More articles by this author Kristina Penniston More articles by this author Stephen Nakada More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Survey mode and nonresponse bias: A meta-analysis based on the data from the international social survey programme waves 1996-2018 and the European social survey rounds 1 to 9.

The constant increase in survey nonresponse and fieldwork costs are the reality of survey research. Together with other unpredictable events occurring in the world today, this increase poses a challenge: the necessity to accelerate a switch from face-to-face data collection to different modes, that have usually been considered to result in lower response rates. However, recent research has established that the simple response rate is a feeble measure of study quality. Therefore, this article aims to analyze the effect of survey characteristics, especially the survey mode, on the nonresponse bias. The bias measure used is the internal criteria first proposed by Sodeur and first applied by Kohler. The analysis is based on the survey documentation and results from the International Social Survey Programme waves 1996-2018 and the European Social Survey rounds 1 to 9. Random-effects three-level meta-regression models, based on data from countries from each inhabited continent, were created in order to estimate the impact of the survey mode or modes, sampling design, fieldwork experience, year of data collection, and response rate on the nonresponse bias indicator. Several ways of nesting observations within clusters were also proposed. The results suggest that using mail and some types of mixed-mode surveys were connected to lower nonresponse bias than using face-to-face mode surveys.

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF NORMATIVE COMMITMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTRUCTIONAL COACHING SKILLS AND TEAMWORK OF TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of normative commitment on the relationship between instructional coaching skills and teamwork of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur in the province of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Medgraph using Sobel z-test. From the results of the study, it was found out that there is a very high level of mean scores for all variables of normative commitment, instructional coaching skills and teamwork of teachers. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between instructional coaching skills and teamwork, between instructional coaching skills and normative commitment and between normative commitment and teamwork of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was a full mediation effect of normative commitment on the relationship between instructional coaching skills and the teamwork of teachers.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0058/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF TEACHER COLLEGIALITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of teacher collegiality on the relationship between instructional leadership and professional development of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matan-ao under the Division of Davao Del Sur. Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized stratified random sampling technique and survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Medgraph using Sobel z- test. From the results of the study, it was found out that there is a very high level of mean scores for all variables of teacher collegiality, instructional leadership and professional development of teachers. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between instructional leadership and between teacher collegiality and professional development of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was full mediation effect of teacher collegiality on the relationship between instructional leadership and professional development of teachers. This implies that the teacher collegiality conveys instructional leadership of teachers.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0029/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF WORK ETHICS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIVE LEARNING AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS

The purpose of this study was to determine the mediating effect of work ethics on the relationship between transformative learning and the professional development of teachers. Utilizing quantitative, non-experimental design via correlational technique, data were obtained from 300 elementary public school teachers who belong to the 3 districts, Magsaysay, Bansalan and Matanao under the Division of Davao Del Sur. The researcher utilized a stratified random sampling technique and an online survey mode of data collection. The researcher also utilized the statistical tools mean, Pearson r and Sobel Z Test. From the results of the study, it was found out that the overall mean scores of work ethics, transformative learning and professional development of teachers are very high. Also, results revealed that there are significant relationships between transformative learning and professional development, between transformative learning and work ethics and between work ethics and professional development of teachers. Further, it was revealed that there was a partial mediation effect of work ethics on the relationship between transformative learning and the professional development of teachers.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0028/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

USDA Forest Service Timber Products Output Survey Item Nonresponse Analysis

Abstract The Timber Products Output (TPO) survey is used to determine industrial uses of roundwood, reporting on volumes of roundwood received and residues generated by the primary forest industry by tree species and counties of harvest. This knowledge aids stakeholders in making informed decisions about available forest resources and/or harvest intensity. The widespread use of TPO estimates makes it important to understand the scale and scope of missing data in the survey. This first attempt analyzed respondent-level and question-level nonresponse (RLNR and QLNR, respectively) for Northern and Southern TPO regions, comparing response to mill profile questions (those providing general business information) to those related to mill activity (that related to wood processing information). The RLNR differed between regions, by question grouping, survey mode, and mill volume. The QLNR results for selected mill activity questions indicate that the Southern region generally has lower nonresponse than the Northern region. Parametric analysis of RLNR indicated survey mode was significant for both question groups in the Northern region whereas mill type was significant for mill activity questions in the Southern region. The QLNR parametric analysis indicated self-administered surveys in the Northern region were associated with higher nonresponse, and surveys completed by sawmills in the Southern region were associated with lower nonresponse. Study Implications: Analysis of survey item nonresponse in the national Timber Products Output survey provides analytic background needed to assess the accuracy and completeness of the survey data. Population estimates from the data are used to monitor roundwood production and make informed decisions about forest resources. Responses varied across specific questions, and regional differences appeared to be related to survey mode. Current survey design could be improved to allow for analysis of all survey questions and assessment of the quality of responses. For nonresponse adjustment methods to be comparable across regions, factors causing observed regional difference should first be addressed.

Comparing Chatbots and Online Surveys for (Longitudinal) Data Collection: An Investigation of Response Characteristics, Data Quality, and User Evaluation

ABSTRACT As chatbots are gaining more popularity than ever, they have recently been considered as interesting tools for survey administration in social science research. To explore this idea, we investigated the extent to which there are differences in response characteristics and data quality between a traditional, web-based survey and a conversational, chatbot-based survey (which we integrated in an instant messaging app). In addition, we zoomed into how respondents evaluate both survey modes. Using a longitudinal design, we also explored how response characteristics evolved over a period of two weeks. Overall, we did not find evidence that chatbots might be better survey administration tools than web surveys. On the contrary, the web survey often seemed to generate more favorable response characteristics and data quality. Finally, when it comes to user perceptions, we found that the chatbot survey was evaluated less favorably in terms of perceived enjoyment, usefulness, and security. Based on these results, we draw conclusions about whether chatbots can be considered as valid alternatives for traditional web survey methods.

Comparison of computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) versus clinician-interview (CI) for self-reported vulvovaginal symptoms

Patients may feel uncomfortable reporting vulvovaginal symptoms. Computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) often results in higher responsiveness than clinician-interview (CI). Sparse data exists on how survey modalities affect report of symptoms. We compared CASI versus CI for self-reported vulvovaginal symptoms.

Survey Mode Effects in a Developing Country

Responses to phone surveys tend to exhibit higher rates of social desirability bias and extreme responses when compared to face-to-face surveys. Yet, studies of mode effects typically compare either representative studies that implausibly assume comparability or experimental studies that rely on convenience samples. Our study compares two national probability samples but uses matching to address comparability. We study Costa Rica, a middle-income democracy, to see whether the conventional wisdom drawn from Western Europe and North America extends to the Global South. We analyze two nationally representative surveys, one fielded by phone and one face-to-face, allowing us to compare identically worded items we placed on both surveys. We find that phone respondents exhibited more socially desirable responding and were more likely to choose negative endpoints on scalar items. This suggests that survey researchers and practitioners should carefully assess the tradeoffs in shifting modes or employing mixed modes.

Forecast of cosmological constraints with type Ia supernovae from the Chinese Space Station Telescope

The 2-m aperture Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST), which observes at wavelengths ranging from 255 to 1000 nm, is expected to start science operations in 2024. An ultra-deep field observation program covering approximately 10 deg2 is proposed with supernovae (SNe) and other transients as one of its primary science drivers. This paper presents the simulated detection results of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and explores the impact of new datasets on the determinations of cosmological parameters. The simulated observations are conducted with an exposure time of 150 s and cadences of 10, 20, and 30 d. The survey mode covering a total of 80 observations but with a random cadence in the range of 4 to 14 d is also explored. Our simulation results indicate that the CSST can detect up to ∼ 1800 SNe Ia at z < 1.3. The simulated SNe Ia are then used to constrain the cosmological parameters. The constraint on Ωm can be improved by 37.5% using the 10-d cadence sample in comparison with the Pantheon sample. A deeper measurement simulation with a 300 s exposure time together with the Pantheon sample improves the current constraints on Ωm by 58.3% and ω by 47.7%. Taking future lager sets of nearby SN Ia sample form ground-based surveys (i.e., N ∼ 3400) into consideration, the constraints on ω can be improved by 59.1%. The CSST ultra-deep field observation program is expected to discover large amounts of SNe Ia over a broad redshift span and enhance our understanding of the nature of dark energy.

Estudo de Risco Cardiovascular em Adolescentes (ERICA): consumo de álcool e fatores associados

To analyze factors that influence alcohol consumption by Brazilian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the five macro-regions of Brazil, according to sociodemographic, schooling, and family characteristics. This is a cross-sectional study with data from the Study of Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA). The outcome was assessed by alcohol consumption and considered the variables sex, age, ethnicity/skin color, maternal schooling level, having housemaids, number of bathrooms at home, living or not with parents, and type of school. For the analyses, the survey mode was used for complex samples. Poisson regression was performed to assess the magnitude of factors associated with alcohol consumption among adolescents. The prevalence of alcohol consumption by adolescents was 22.1%. The variables age range of 15 to 17 years, higher socioeconomic status, and living alone or with only one of the parents were factors that remained associated with alcohol consumption by adolescents regardless of their region of residence. Protective factors in alcohol consumption were associated with variables related to lower economic conditions and being of Asian or indigenous descent. The percentage of adolescents who consume alcohol is worrisome and must be tackled with public policies and health education. Understanding which factors are related to this situation contributes to practices and policies aimed to reduce its prevalence and damage to health.

MODE EFFECTS ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING ASSESSMENTS IN THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY

Abstract As the population of the US ages, there is interest in assessing health conditions associated with age and longevity, such as age-related decline in cognitive functioning. As a result, there is an increased focus on measuring cognitive functioning in surveys of older populations. One challenge relates to conducting comparable measurement across survey modes (e.g., phone vs. web). Compounding this is that mode of survey administration is often not assigned randomly making inter-group comparison more difficult. This paper addresses these issues using a novel experiment embedded within the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The HRS, a US-based cohort of people over 50, has measured cognition since its inception using both in-person and telephone modes. In 2018, a sample of approximately 3700 respondents was identified as web-eligible based on a prior report of internet access along with other selection criteria. Of these, 60% were randomly selected for the web sample with the remainder serving as controls, assigned to telephone mode for comparison purposes. We deploy techniques from item response theory (IRT) and differential item functioning (DIF) to estimate the difference in cognitive functioning between web and phone respondents in 2018 based on longitudinal cognition data collected prior to 2018. Second, we estimate the overall effect of taking the survey via the web as compared to the phone. Third, we examine item-level variation in the magnitude of the mode effect and suggest possible methods for adjustment to support longitudinal consistency. These results are important in guiding future research that utilizes web-based cognitive measures.