Survey Distribution Methods Research Articles

Graduate and Health Professional Student Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior Related to Human Papillomavirus and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A Scoping Review of the Literature.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection. Despite a safe and effective vaccine, uptake continues to be suboptimal. Recently, focus has moved to college campuses in an effort to increase vaccination rates. Little is known about the extent of efforts to reach graduate students on college campuses in the United States and the vaccination rates within this subpopulation. This scoping review assessed the literature on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination among graduate and post-baccalaureate professional students in the United States. This review also aims to identify areas for further research to improve institutions' abilities to create health programming to increase HPV awareness and HPV vaccination coverage on their campuses. Publications focusing on knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination in post-baccalaureate students were included. The systematic review of PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase identified 2562 articles, and 56 articles met all inclusion criteria and were included in this scoping review. A majority of the reviewed studies investigated some combination of knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs about HPV and the HPV vaccine in students in professional programs such as medicine. Study design approaches were primarily cross-sectional, utilizing web-based survey distribution methods. HPV vaccination status and HPV screening behaviors were primarily measured through participant self-report. There is limited research investigating post-baccalaureate student knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors about HPV and HPV vaccination. There is a need for researchers to further investigate the needs of graduate students to create informative and effective HPV programming.

Novel survey distribution methods: impact on antimicrobial resistance research outcomes.

Novel survey distribution methods: impact on antimicrobial resistance research outcomes.

Diversity of Sundanese Forms of Address Usage in Family

This study aims to describe the diversity of Sundanese forms of address in families. The use of Sundanese forms of address in Sundanese ethnic families is currently mixed with Indonesian addresses, especially in urban families. The problems studied are related to the types of forms of address and the influence of social variables on the choice of forms of address. The method used is descriptive. Data collection is actualized by using a survey distribution method through an open-ended questionnaire. The selected respondents are the students of Sundanese Literature of the Faculty of Cultural Sciences of Universitas Padjadjaran, who come from and live on the border of Bandung City. The theoretical basis used in this study is a sociolinguistic approach. The results of the analysis show that the types of Sundanese forms of address used in the family include proper names, kinship terms, terms of endearment, personal pronouns, and combinations of forms of address. Social variable factors in the form of situations that influence a change of a selection of types forms of address are happy, sad, and angry situations. This study contributes to the viewpoint that language attitudes are also determining factors in the use of the address.

Disorientation and time distortions during the metro commute: An analysis of 456 responses to a questionnaire distributed in real time on Twitter during traffic disruptions in the Paris area.

Public transport disruptions are conducive to disorientation narratives in which the temporal aspects of the experience are central, but it is difficult to collect psychometric data at the moment of disruption to quantify the occurring underlying feelings. We propose a new real-time survey distribution method based on travellers' interaction with disruption announcements on social media. We analyse 456 responses in the Paris area and find that travellers experience time slowing down and their destination feeling temporally farther away when undergoing traffic disruptions. Time dilation is more pronounced for people filling out the survey while still presently experiencing the disruption, suggesting that over time people remember a compressed version of their disorientation. Conflicted time feelings about the disruption, e.g., both faster and slower feelings of the passage of time, appear the longer the recollection delay. Travellers in a stopped train seem to change their itinerary not because the alternative journey feels shorter (it does not), but because it makes time pass faster. Time distortions are phenomenological hallmarks of public transport disruptions, but these distortions are poor predictors of confusion per se. Public transport operators can alleviate the time dilation experienced by their travellers by clearly stating whether they should reorient or wait for recovery when incidents occur. Our real-time survey distribution method can be used for the psychological study of crises, where a timely and targeted distribution is of paramount importance.

Physician Perceptions of Palliative Care for Children With Cancer in Latin America

The World Health Organization (WHO) designates early integration of palliative care as an ethical responsibility in the treatment of children with serious illness. Although structural barriers may influence provision of pediatric palliative care (PPC) for children with cancer in resource-limited settings, underlying physician perceptions may also impede early integration of PPC in cancer care. To investigate perceptions among physicians in Latin America about the integration of palliative care for children with cancer. This survey study used the Assessing Doctors' Attitudes on Palliative Treatment (ADAPT) survey, which was developed for physicians who care for children with cancer and was initially distributed in Eurasia. The survey was modified for use in Latin America, including translation into Spanish and adaptation for cultural context. The survey was distributed between August 21, 2020, and January 31, 2021, to physicians treating children with cancer in 17 Latin American countries. Each country had a specific survey distribution method based on guidance of local experts. The ADAPT survey evaluated physicians' understanding of palliative care principles, comfort in addressing patient and family suffering, and identification of barriers to PPC integration for children with cancer. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess factors associated with physicians' knowledge about and comfort with PPC practice and whether independent physician variables were associated with survey response alignment with WHO guidance on PPC. Open-ended questions were analyzed qualitatively to supplement the quantitative data. A total of 874 physicians from 17 countries participated, with an overall response rate of 39.9% (874 of 2193) and a median country response rate of 51.4% (range, 23.7%-100%). Most respondents were aged 35 years or older (577 [66.0%]), and 594 (68.0%) identified as female. Most physicians (486 [55.6%]) had no formal PPC training, and 303 (34.7%) had no access to PPC experts for consultation. Physician perspectives on PPC were generally aligned with WHO guidance (mean [SD] alignment, 83.0% [14.1%]; range among respondents, 24.0%-100%). However, only 438 respondents (50.1%) felt comfortable addressing physical symptoms of patients receiving PPC, 295 (33.8%) felt comfortable addressing emotional symptoms, and 216 (24.7%) felt comfortable addressing grief and bereavement needs of the patient's family. A total of 829 participants (94.8%) desired further education and training in PPC. Although physicians' perspectives aligned well with WHO guidance for PPC, this survey study identified opportunities for improving physician training in symptom management and emotional support for children with cancer and their families. These findings may inform the development of targeted interventions to improve the quality of PPC for children with cancer in Latin America.

Implementing Neuromarketing in the Enterprise: Factors That Impact the Adoption of Neuromarketing in Major Spanish Corporations

Technological advances in the field of neuroscience have generally been well-received in the entertainment and advertising industries, where there are great commercial benefits linked to knowing the most intimate aspects of how audiences and consumers respond to different messages. Despite this interest in the results of neuroscience research, large enterprises seem to resist implementing them in their marketing activities, thus limiting the development of the discipline. This research reflects on the main factors that impact the adoption of neuromarketing within large-scale enterprises, both from a bibliographical and an empirical perspective. This review included ethical, economic, professional, technological, and cultural aspects. A review of secondary sources was undertaken to understand the current state of neuromarketing and its place within large-scale enterprises. This review suggested that a series of internal and external factors may be limiting its adoption, including organizational culture, lack of knowledge and training, uncertainty about its results and/or concerns about the cost of this methodology. To validate the results of the bibliographical research, a structured, self-administered online questionnaire was designed to be distributed amongst a senior decision makers within large companies in Spain. The aims of this survey were to diagnose the level to which major corporations in Spain are aware of and employ neuromarketing; and to identify the internal and external factors that may be limiting or driving its rate of adoption. Before running a full-scale study, a pilot test was undertaken to, among others, validate the sampling methods and survey distribution strategy and to measure the impact of some major challenges that had been identified during survey design. The pilot study did succeed in reaching highly qualified respondents, but its low response rate highlighted a major issue in the research design: the sampling method cannot scale efficiently. A full review of the sampling strategy and survey distribution method is needed before a full-scale study can be launched. The data gathered in the pilot study can't be considered representative or statistically valid; they are, at best, preliminary findings that will need to be validated by further research. The responses do suggest that neuromarketing techniques are not used in the majority of large Spanish companies and that the general level of knowledge on the subject is not very high. The results also suggest that neuromarketing has a good reputation amongst industry practitioners and that, if current trends are confirmed, its adoption will increase significantly in the future. The main factors that would drive the adoption of neuromarketing are the culture of innovation of the companies themselves and the direct alignment of neuromarketing techniques to the market research needs on the company. Further research in this area should take into account the learnings provided by this pilot.

Targeted occupant surveys: A novel method to effectively relate occupant feedback with environmental conditions

Occupant satisfaction surveys are widely used in laboratory and field research studies of indoor environmental quality. Field studies pose several challenges because researchers usually have no control over the indoor environments experienced by building occupants, it is difficult to recruit and retain participants, and data collection methods can be cumbersome. With this in mind, we developed a survey platform that uses real-time feedback to send targeted occupant surveys (TOS) at specific indoor environmental conditions and stops sending survey requests when collected responses reach the maximum surveys required. We performed a pilot study of the TOS platform with occupants of a radiant heated and cooled building to target survey responses at 16 radiant slab surface (infrared) temperatures evenly distributed from 15 to 30 °C. We developed metrics and ideal datasets to compare the TOS platform against other occupant survey distribution methods. The results show that this novel method has a higher approximation to characteristics of an ideal dataset; 41% compared to 23%, 19%, and 12% of other datasets in previous field studies. Our TOS method minimizes the number of times occupants are surveyed and ensures a more complete and balanced dataset. This allows researchers to more efficiently and reliably collect subjective data for occupant satisfaction studies.

Response Rates In Hospitality Research: An Overview of Current Practice and Suggestions For Future Research

In this paper, we examine published research in six top-tier hospitality journals to explore response rates for different survey distribution methods across specific characteristics like research context, respondents, and geographical regions. Data were analyzed from 1,389 papers published from January 2001 to December 2019. By looking at a large set of published response rates, distribution and enhancing methods and type of respondents, findings from this study will aid researchers in designing more effective surveys and successfully collecting necessary data. The implications for response rate in hospitality research are also presented.

Comparing onsite electronic survey distribution methods

• Compares two onsite Electronic survey distribution methods • Discusses effectiveness of onsite electronic surveys • Offers important methodological guidance for tablet-based survey research

The CaregiverVoice Survey: A Pilot Study Surveying Bereaved Caregivers To Measure the Caregiver and Patient Experience at End of Life.

To integrate patient and caregiver feedback into end-of-life (EOL) care improvement, we tested the feasibility of a standardized, common instrument to measure care experiences across multiple settings in the last three months of life. We developed and tested a survey, called the CaregiverVoice survey, which combined two validated questionnaires, the FAMCARE-2 and VOICES-SF. A retrospective, observational design was used to survey bereaved caregivers of decedents who had received homecare services in Ontario, Canada. In total, 330 surveys were completed (overall response rate of 13%, regional rates ranged from 4% to 83%). There was less than 5% missing data. Most patients received care from multiple settings in the last three months of life, including 60% for which a hospital stay was reported. The overall mean of the 19 FAMCARE-2 items was 1.7 (SD 0.7), with 72% of ratings as 1 very satisfied to 2 satisfied. On VOICES-SF items, 6% of respondents rated "all end-of-life services" as fair or poor, 24% as good, and 70% as excellent or outstanding, with variation depending on care site rated. 13% of caregivers reported that pain management was fair or poor in the last week of life. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence that it is feasible to capture the patient and caregiver experience at EOL using a comprehensive survey, though survey distribution method greatly affected response rates. The majority of responses rated care as excellent or very good, although several specific areas for improvement were identified.

Development of a Survey Tool to Quantify Health Impacts of Trail Use

While cost-benefit analysis has been employed in highway planning processes for decades, such analytical approaches are less frequently used in trail planning due to the limited availability of data and methodologies for quantifying trail benefits. As a result, even projects that provide critical access to safe, high-quality open space with real mobility and health benefits are often considered “amenities,” rather than “needs.” Individual agencies and trail project sponsors have measured trail use and benefits along local greenways, but there currently are no generalizable methods for predicting demand or conducting impact assessment on trails. To address this gap, the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy (RTC) is developing the Trail Modeling and Assessment Platform (T-MAP), a set of trail planning data collection and analysis tools, including a trail user survey. The T-MAP survey tool was developed to allow implementing agencies to learn more about trail use and users, especially users’ physical activity. This paper describes the development of a survey instrument and sampling protocol that yielded a response rate of 55% in field testing. The survey includes questions from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, an internationally validated instrument developed by the World Health Organization. We report the results of testing the effect of alternative survey distribution methods (in-person interview and online post-survey) and incentives on overall response rates and sample bias across multiple population variables, including gender, age, trail use mode, overall health status, and physical activity frequency. The highest response rates (64%) were achieved through a combination of personal intercept interview with incentive, followed by online participation after receiving a card from a surveyor on the trail. When designing a survey data collection and sampling plan, decisions such as whether to use field workers, to offer incentives, and the survey administration format all impact the response rate and the representativeness of the sample, and thus the cost and quality of the data collected. These findings can help trail managers, local planners, or advocates to estimate survey administration costs and maximize returns through efficient and valid data collection to conduct trail benefit assessments based on high-quality data.

Sterilization and intellectually disabled people in New Zealand: rights, responsibility and wise counsel needed

This article reports on the views of non-medical interest groups about sterilization and intellectually disabled people in New Zealand. The rationale for undertaking a study in this sensitive area is presented. Notes about survey distribution method are included and participants’ responses outlined. The study found that a majority of participants agreed that intellectually disabled people should make their own decisions about reproductive capacity. Yet a clear tension between an overall endorsement of individual choice and a majority who also considered that sterilization could be warranted in at least some cases emerged from the data. Reasons for sterilization included: the best interests of intellectually disabled people and carers; concerns about sexual health/well-being; lack of sexual control; and concerns about sexual abuse. The extent of agreement with sterilization as a desirable practice for intellectually disabled boys/men was an unexpected finding. The article concludes with questions posed to promote further discussion.

Avoiding Biased Interpretation of Bicycle Surveys: Comparing Results from Four Distribution Methods in Winston-Salem, North Carolina

Surveys are a common technique used by transportation agencies to gather information about the socioeconomic characteristics, behavior, and preferences of the traveling public. The purpose of this paper is to help agencies and researchers understand differences in bicycle survey results when different distribution techniques are used. This study analyzes a bicycle survey that was implemented by the City of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in early 2005. The city distributed identical survey questions in four different ways. Comparative statistics are used to show that there were significant differences in responses according to survey distribution method. Using four different methods of survey distribution allowed the City of Winston-Salem to gather feedback from a greater variety of citizens than is possible with a single survey method, target several key constituencies (people with significant interest in bicycle issues, bicyclists with less experience, and potential bicyclists), and understand potential differences in the responses to certain survey questions based on the survey method used. Practitioners can use the results of this study to help select survey distribution methods that will gather the most credible and useful data for meeting their objectives. It will also help agencies draw more informed conclusions from bicycle survey results.

Avoiding Biased Interpretation of Bicycle Surveys

Surveys are a common technique used by transportation agencies to gather information about the socioeconomic characteristics, behavior, and preferences of the traveling public. The purpose of this paper is to help agencies and researchers understand differences in bicycle survey results when different distribution techniques are used. This study analyzes a bicycle survey that was implemented by the City of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in early 2005. The city distributed identical survey questions in four different ways. Comparative statistics are used to show that there were significant differences in responses according to survey distribution method. Using four different methods of survey distribution allowed the City of Winston-Salem to gather feedback from a greater variety of citizens than is possible with a single survey method, target several key constituencies (people with significant interest in bicycle issues, bicyclists with less experience, and potential bicyclists), and understand potential differences in the responses to certain survey questions based on the survey method used. Practitioners can use the results of this study to help select survey distribution methods that will gather the most credible and useful data for meeting their objectives. It will also help agencies draw more informed conclusions from bicycle survey results.

Comparing Mail and Web-Based Survey Distribution Methods: Results of Surveys to Leisure Travel Retailers

Findings from existing research that compares Web-based survey and traditional survey methods have been inconclusive. This study compares responses from a Web-based survey and those from a paper-and-pencil survey in terms of response rates, data quality, demographic profiles of respondents, internal consistency of scales, and responses to items among American Society of Travel Agents members. Two samples from the same population were randomly assigned to receive the questionnaire either by e-mail notices or by postal mail. Several differences were found between the Web-based survey and the paper-and-pencil survey. The response rate to the Web-based survey was lower than that to the mail survey. The Web-based survey had more missing data fields than the mail survey. The two groups differed in 15.3% of the total items in the data set. Web respondents’ mean scores to the five scales were consistently lower than those of mail respondents.

Maximizing worksite survey response rates through community organization strategies and multiple contacts.

Worksites are natural settings for health promotion. In many cases, the effectiveness of such interventions is appraised by surveying employees to assess worksite-wide changes in the targeted behavior. Little attention has been paid to increasing worksite survey response rates. One way is to utilize community organization strategies, which involve enlisting the individuals within a group to work together with researchers to affect the social environment. Community organization strategies and multiple contacts were used to obtain responses from employees in five worksites involved in a smoking cessation project. Employee Advisory Board members in each worksite reviewed, adapted, and revised the survey distribution method, the messages that accompanied the survey, and the survey content. Three major survey waves were undertaken: a worksite effort, a home mailing (in the pilot worksite only), and a telephone call to nonrespondents. Response rates to a worksite-wide survey in one worksite the first year and four additional worksites the next year yielded 99.3% and 98.4% response rates, respectively. In the pilot worksite, 273 employees were eligible for the survey with 366 eligible employees in the four other worksites. Chi-square or analysis of variance computations were used, as appropriate, to test for differences in characteristics of respondents in the various data collection waves. These results suggest that there may be merit in adapting such community organization intervention methods for research applications.