Surveillance Paradigm Research Articles

Longer-term surveillance imaging and endoscopy critical for majority of patients in detection of sinonasal malignancy recurrence.

Sinonasal malignancy surveillance paradigms are often based on Head and Neck National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, which do not recommend standard surveillance imaging beyond 6 months without concerning symptomatology or physical examination findings. This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent resection of sinonasal malignancy at a tertiary care center over a 20-year period from 2000 to 2020, with an ensuing surveillance period demonstrating recurrence. Fifty-two patients with sinonasal malignancy recurrence were included, with an average time to recurrence of 30.9 months and a follow-up period of over 60 months. Recurrence was diagnosed by routine imaging or endoscopy in asymptomatic patients in a majority (60%) of cases, while the remaining minority of diagnoses followed new symptomatology. Asymptomatic recurrence was associated with perineural spread of tumor at initial resection (p=0.025), but not with age (p=0.85) or stage at diagnosis (p=0.68). Expectedly, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT) more often detected regional or distant recurrence, while structural imaging (CT/magnetic resonance imaging) demonstrated more frequent detection of recurrence in those with perineural spread of tumor (p=0.01). Our findings support high rates of asymptomatic recurrence in sinonasal malignancy, with the majority of recurrences diagnosed by routine endoscopy or imaging. Tailored and extended surveillance guidelines are necessary relative to those utilized for other head and neck mucosal cancers, and are especially appropriate when features such as perineural spread are present.

Surveillance 5.0: Next-Gen Security Powered by Quantum AI Optimization

Surveillance 5.0, powered by Quantum AI Optimization, represents the highpoint of next-generation security, transforming traditional surveillance paradigms through the fusion of quantum-powered technologies and advanced artificial intelligence. Quantum AI Optimization stands as the essential, revolutionizing security operations for enabling real-time threat detection, proactive response approaches, and adaptive risk mitigation measures. Moreover, privacy preservation and ethical governance plays a major role in ensuring that surveillance activities maintain higher security and privacy rights. From real-time threat monitoring to emergency response coordination, Surveillance 5.0 empowers organizations across diverse sectors to safeguard assets, protect individuals, and enhance societal resilience. Lastly, prospective technologies and applications underscore the limitless potential of surveillance 5.0, with emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), Blockchain, and edge computing driving continuous innovation and expanding the frontiers of security capabilities. In summary, Surveillance 5.0 represents a quantum leap forward in security, harnessing the interactions of Quantum AI Optimization to leverage protection, privacy, and ethical governance in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.

Human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA assays as a mechanism for head and neck cancer equity in rural regions of the United States.

The rates of human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) are rising worldwide and in the United States, particularly in rural regions including Appalachia. Rural areas face unique health challenges resulting in higher cancer incidence and mortality rates, and this includes HPV-OPC. The recent advent of highly sensitive liquid biopsies for the non-invasive detection of HPV-OPC recurrence (circulating tumor HPV DNA, HPV ctDNA) has been swiftly adopted as part of surveillance paradigms. Though knowledge gaps persist regarding its use and clinical trials are ongoing, the ease of collection and cost-effectiveness of HPV ctDNA make it more accessible for HPV-OPC survivors than usual surveillance methods of frequent exams and imaging. Herein, we discuss how implementing HPV ctDNA assays in rural regions of the United States provide one poignant example of how liquid biopsies can improve cancer care equity.

Follow-up for human papillomavirus-related oropharynx cancer concentrated on unequal symptom change (FOCUS): Prospective patient-reported outcome collection.

Post-treatment surveillance recommendations for oropharyngeal cancer do not vary with p16 status despite the differences in outcomes. The optimal algorithm personalizing follow-up for these patients remains undefined. Here, we evaluate the feasibility and utility of incorporating electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) into routine surveillance for patients treated for p16+ oropharynx cancer. A prospective registry was developed in which ePROs and ctDNA were incorporated into routine surveillance among patients with oropharynx cancer. ePROs were emailed monthly for 1 year and blood HPV ctDNA testing was performed every 3-6 months. The primary objective was to assess patient compliance with ePRO-based surveillance with adequate compliance defined as ≥85% of patients completing monthly ePROs. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive/negative predictive values to detect recurrence were calculated for ePROs, HPV ctDNA, or the combination. Of 122 patients who initially expressed interest, 76 completed the electronic consent process and 44/76 (58%) were compliant with monthly surveys over 1 year; thus adequate compliance was not achieved. Technical difficulties associated with ePRO receipt through email largely limited participation. Provider feedback was significantly associated with heightened ePRO compliance. One hundred and six patients had ctDNA testing with a mean number of three tests per patient. Sensitivity to detect recurrence was 75% for the combination of ePROs and ctDNA. Despite lower than anticipated compliance with ePROs, our findings show promise for incorporation of HPV ctDNA into surveillance paradigms for HPV-related oropharynx cancer with suggestions of methods to optimize ePRO formats for personalized surveillance.

Hostile neck anatomy contributes to higher rates of reintervention following endovascular aortic repair for ruptured infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) presenting with hostile neck anatomy can represent a challenge in surgical decision-making. We hypothesized that, patients who require reinterventions have higher rates of compromised neck anatomy at initial presentation and may indicate a need for altered surveillance paradigm. Patients presenting with ruptured AAA to a single tertiary care institution from 2014 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Those treated with infrarenal EVAR, with no prior aortic surgeries, and with available pre-operative computed tomography (CT) scans were included. Demographics, timing and type of reintervention, follow-up, and survival were collected. CT scans were assessed for hostile neck anatomy via measurements of diameter, length, angle, taper, bulge, calcification, and thrombus. Demographics, comorbidities, and neck anatomy of those with and without reintervention were compared using Fischer's Exact and Student's T-test. Survival was analyzed via Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. Eighty-nine patients were available for analysis, 37 of which met inclusion criteria. Intraoperative death occurred in 3 patients (8.1%) and 1 patient (2.7%) was intraoperatively converted to an open repair. Thirty-day and 1-year survival were 97% and 91%, respectively. The reintervention rate was 30% (n = 10), occurring at a median of 200days (18-2053days) after the index operation. All patients requiring reintervention met hostile neck criteria (p = .002) and had a statistically higher number of hostile neck criteria (1.80 vs 0.87, p = .03). Thirty percent (n = 3) of patients that received a reintervention had neck diameter greater than 3cm, compared to zero patients in the non-reintervention group (p = .022). Proximal reinterventions (n = 5) had statistically higher neck diameters and neck angle compared to the non-reintervention group. Infrarenal rEVAR is effective at preventing acute mortality despite specific anatomic considerations that may contribute to the higher reintervention rates, and therefore those parameters ought to be considered when following patients in the post-intervention period.

Strengthening Bordetella pertussis genomic surveillance by direct sequencing of residual positive specimens.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of microbial pathogens recovered from patients with infectious disease facilitates high-resolution strain characterization and molecular epidemiology. However, increasing reliance on culture-independent methods to diagnose infectious diseases has resulted in few isolates available for WGS. Here, we report a novel culture-independent approach to genome characterization of Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of pertussis and a paradigm for insufficient genomic surveillance due to limited culture of clinical isolates. Sequencing libraries constructed directly from residual pertussis-positive diagnostic nasopharyngeal specimens were hybridized with biotinylated RNA "baits" targeting B. pertussis fragments within complex mixtures that contained high concentrations of host and microbial background DNA. Recovery of B. pertussis genome sequence data was evaluated with mock and pooled negative clinical specimens spiked with reducing concentrations of either purified DNA or inactivated cells. Targeted enrichment increased the yield of B. pertussis sequencing reads up to 90% while simultaneously decreasing host reads to less than 10%. Filtered sequencing reads provided sufficient genome coverage to perform characterization via whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms and whole-genome multilocus sequencing typing. Moreover, these data were concordant with sequenced isolates recovered from the same specimens such that phylogenetic reconstructions from either consistently clustered the same putatively linked cases. The optimized protocol is suitable for nasopharyngeal specimens with diagnostic IS481 Ct < 35 and >10 ng DNA. Routine implementation of these methods could strengthen surveillance and study of pertussis resurgence by capturing additional cases with genomic characterization.

Surveillance and risk factors for early restenosis following transcarotid artery revascularization

ObjectiveRestenosis after transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a known complication. When identified in the early postoperative period, it may be related to technique. We evaluated our TCAR experience to identify potentially modifiable factors impacting restenosis. MethodsThis is a single-institution, retrospective review of patients undergoing TCAR from November 2017 to July 2022. Restenosis was defined as >50% stenosis on duplex ultrasound (DUS) examination or computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Continuous variables were compared using Kruskal-Wallis's test. Categorical variables were compared using the Fisher's exact test. ResultsOf 61 interventions, 11 (18%) developed restenosis within the median follow-up of 345 days (interquartile range, 103-623 days). Among these patients, 82% (9/11) had >50% stenosis, and 18% (2/11) had >80% stenosis. Both patients with high-grade restenosis were symptomatic and underwent revascularization. Diagnosis of post-TCAR restenosis was via DUS examination in 45% (5/11), CTA in 18% (2/11), or both CTA/DUS examination in 36% (4/11). Restenosis occurred within 1 month in 54% (6/11) and 6 months in 72% (8/11) of patients. However, three of the six patients with restenosis within 1 month had discordant findings on CTA vs DUS imaging. Patient comorbidities, degree of preoperative stenosis, medical management, balloon size, stent size, lesion characteristics, and predilatation angioplasty did not differ. Patients with restenosis were younger (P = .02), had prior ipsilateral endarterectomy (odds ratio [OR], 6.5; P = .02), had history of neck radiation (OR, 18.3; P = .01), and lower rate of postdilatation angioplasty (OR, 0.11; P = .04), without an increased risk of neurological events. ConclusionsAlthough post-TCAR restenosis occurred in 18% of patients, only 3% of patients had critical restenosis and required reintervention. Patient factors associated with restenosis were younger age, prior endarterectomy, and history of neck radiation. Although early restenosis may be mitigated by improved technique, the only technical factor associated with restenosis was less use of postdilatation angioplasty. Balancing neurological risk, this factor may have increased application in appropriate patients. Diagnosis of restenosis was inconsistent between imaging modalities; current surveillance paradigms and diagnostic thresholds may warrant reconsideration.

Smart CCTV Surveillance System with Visitor Management System, Face Detection, Fire Alarm, Parking Assistant for Residential Areas

Abstract: The "Smart CCTV Surveillance System" stands as a revolutionary solution at the nexus of security, cutting-edge technology, and user-centric design. Anchored by features such as real-time facial recognition, trustworthiness recognition, and comprehensive threat detection, the system redefines the paradigm of surveillance and access control. Beyond addressing the critical challenges of unauthorized access and security threats, this project introduces a robust fire alarm feature. By integrating sophisticated algorithms for real-time fire detection, the system ensures swift response to potential emergencies. Alongside this, the project streamlines visitor management through automation, optimizing registration, check-in, and check-out processes. The addition of parking assistance enhances the overall user experience, guiding visitors to available parking spaces and mitigating congestion. In essence, the "Smart CCTV Surveillance System" not only establishes an impregnable security infrastructure but also envisions a future where technology seamlessly collaborates with human needs, fostering environments that are not just secure but also smarter and more user-friendly

MRD assay to evaluate recurrence and response via a tumor-informed assessment: MARIA-Breast observational trial.

TPS622 Background: The recognition that cancers release nucleic acids into the peripheral circulation of the patient has enabled a new paradigm for disease detection and surveillance. Detectable ctDNA in patients with solid tumors has been associated with disease prognosis pre-treatment, assessing response to therapy in the form of minimal residual disease (MRD), and monitoring for recurrence after curative intent treatment. Utilizing patient-specific genomic mutation profiling of an individual’s cancer from a tissue sample, in conjunction with the patient’s germline DNA, to create a personalized sequencing panel to then systematically analyze for a subset of these genetic mutations from ctDNA in blood is a strategy that has high sensitivity in detection of MRD. Studies have shown that pretreatment levels of ctDNA using this approach are a potential early indicator of disease recurrence after surgery, that ctDNA clearance may be an early predictor of favorable outcomes and have been shown to correlate with pathologic complete response (Forde et al. N Engl J Med. 2022, PMID:35403841), and that this approach has high sensitivity in its ability to detect recurrence for patients in advance of the current standard of care (Abbosh et al. Cancer Res (2020) 80 (16_Supplement): CT023). Methods: This is a multi-site, prospective, observational trial in the United States of 200 patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing curative intent treatment, who have FFPE tissue available from resection sufficient for a patient-specific bespoke MRD assay who are willing to provide serial whole blood specimens for ctDNA analysis. Participants are asked to provide study specimens prior to initial treatment intervention, after curative intent surgical resection, during adjuvant therapy (as applicable) and pre-recurrence follow-up. ctDNA will be analyzed with an NGS-based, tumor-informed MRD assay that identifies somatic mutations from DNA obtained from the patient’s tumor tissue, subtracts germline variants via NGS-based analysis of the patients germline DNA, and detects a selected set of between 18-50 tumor-specific ctDNA in their blood. All primary tumor specimens will undergo full exome sequencing using the Personalized Cancer Monitoring (PCM) assay. Impact of results of this CLIA-approved MRD assay on clinical decision making will be captured. The primary objective is to assess the ability of MRD to predict post-treatment recurrence. Further objectives are to correlate MRD status with pathologic complete response, determine the lead time to detection of recurrence compared to standard of care, and the association of MRD status with overall survival. Active enrollment started in March, 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT05219734 .

Multivariate index assay MIA3G vs other assessment tools for the ovarian cancer risk assessment of indeterminate masses.

e17609 Background: Estimated 10% of women with adnexal masses will undergo preventive surgery for ovary removal to mitigate malignancy risk. This is significant, compared to the 15% rate of ovarian cancer (OC) confirmed by pathology. On the other hand, a women’s lifetime risk of getting OC is estimated at 1 in 78, with death at 1 in 108. This predicament motivates a surveillance paradigm for assessment of malignancy risk. ROMA (Roche) is a multi-marker assay intended to assess the cancer risk of adnexal masses in women already scheduled for surgery. We recently characterized the clinical performance of MIA3G[1], to assess OC risk for women with adnexal mass clinically characterized as benign or indeterminate. Here we present the comparative analysis for MIA3G and ROMA in a multi-site study. Methods: MIA3G -a 7-biomarker assay with a DNN-based risk prediction algorithm – was tested for clinical management of women (median: 51yo, IQR:41-61) across 11 centers. Data is presented for 206 patients with adnexal mass (286 unique samples), who follow an admix of surgical and clinical management. The continuous MIA3G probabilistic scores and dichotomized risk classification were used for the analyses. The primary objective was to compare MIA3G with ROMA assays. The secondary objective was to validate – via a pair-wise approach – the correlation of the biomarkers, age and menopausal status(MENO) - with the predicted risk stratification. Results: MIA3G stratified 13% [CI:0.096-0.174] and 87% [CI:82.6-90.4] of the 286 samples as indeterminate and low risk of malignancy respectively (p-value&lt;2.2e-16, Welch’s t-test). In comparison, ROMA stratified 11.3% with a high likelihood of finding a malignancy on surgery. In the pre-menopausal sub-cohort MIAG3 risk-stratified only 7% as indeterminates, whereas for ROMA and CA125 the analogous estimates increased to 15% and 20% respectively. For the post-menopausal population, the converse trend was observed. In MIAG3 with increasing risk, the inhibitive effect of APO was signaled (R2:-24%, p:0.0006) and potential implication of iron metabolism was observed in TFR (R2:-31%,p:9.76e-5). B2M indicated inflammation with increasing risk (R2:28%, p:0.052. In addition to being a clinical attribute, MENO status was confirmed with FSH and age (R2 &gt;80%,p&lt;2.2e-16). A strong correlation of risk with HE4 (R2:38%) and CA125 (R2:32%) was observed and a HE4-CA125 pairwise-correlation of &gt;85% confirmed. Additionally, the positive association of PRE with APO( R2 :33%) and negative association with CA125 and HE4 (R2~:-20%) rounded out the comprehensive nature of the MIA3G assay for characterizing the nuanced evolution of the masses. Conclusions: This real-world study established the efficacy of MIA3G as the most clinically validated tool for the risk assessment of ovarian cancer of indeterminate masses. 1: DOI 10.3389/fmed.2023.1102437.

One-year volume growth of abdominal aortic aneurysms measured by extended field-of-view ultrasound.

Measurement of volume has the potential to detect subtle growth not recognized in the current surveillance paradigm of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Currently available three-dimensional ultrasound allows for estimation of AAA volume, but for most patients, the AAA extends beyond the ultrasound field-of-view and only allows visualization of a partial AAA volume. A new extended field-of-view three-dimensional ultrasound protocol (XFoV US) has been found to improve the proportion of patients with visualization of the full AAA volume. To investigate the applicability of the XFoV US protocol in estimating AAA volume growth in follow-up, 86 patients with AAAs were recruited from the surveillance program at a university hospital. All were imaged by XFoV US at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Assessment of full volume, based on visualization of the AAA neck and bifurcation at both baseline and one-year follow-up, was achieved in 67/86 (78%) of patients. One-year mean growth in maximum diameter was 2.8 mm (6%/year), in centerline length 2.9 mm (4%/year), and in volume 15.9 mL (19%/year). In 17/67 (25%) of patients, volume growth was detected in diameter-stable AAAs. Baseline XFoV US volume was associated with one-year AAA volume growth, while, conversely, maximum baseline diameter was not associated with one-year AAA diameter growth. This study concludes that the XFoV US protocol provides a safe and repeatable modality for assessing AAA volume growth, and that AAA volume is a promising predictive measure of AAA growth.

Volumetric Growth and Growth Curve Analysis of Residual Intracranial Meningioma.

After meningioma surgery, approximately 1 in 3 patients will have residual tumor that requires ongoing imaging surveillance. The precise volumetric growth rates of these tumors are unknown. To identify the volumetric growth rates of residual meningioma, growth trajectory, and factors associated with progression. Patients with residual meningioma identified at a tertiary neurosurgery center between 2004 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor volume was measured using manual segmentation, after surgery and at every follow-up MRI scan. Growth rates were ascertained using a linear mixed-effects model and nonlinear regression analysis of growth trajectories. Progression was defined according to the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria (40% volume increase). There were 236 patients with residual meningioma. One hundred and thirty-two patients (56.0%) progressed according to the RANO criteria, with 86 patients being conservatively managed (65.2%) after progression. Thirteen patients (5.5%) developed clinical progression. Over a median follow-up of 5.3 years (interquartile range, 3.5-8.6 years), the absolute growth rate was 0.11 cm 3 per year and the relative growth rate 4.3% per year. Factors associated with residual meningioma progression in multivariable Cox regression analysis were skull base location (hazard ratio [HR] 1.60, 95% CI 1.02-2.50) and increasing Ki-67 index (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.19-9.90). Most meningioma exhibited exponential and logistic growth patterns (median R 2 value 0.84, 95% CI 0.60-0.90). Absolute and relative growth rates of residual meningioma are low, but most meet the RANO criteria for progression. Location and Ki-67 index can be used to stratify adjuvant treatment and surveillance paradigms.

Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review.

Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat. The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events. The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events' features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases' epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized. A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms. This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.

Associations between psychological and respiratory distress in post-deployment Veterans

ABSTRACT Since September 11, 2001, over 2.7 million United States service members have deployed to South-West Asia and the Middle East and have been exposed to environmental hazards and psychological trauma. Many of these service members have returned with medical and psychological illnesses, some of which have proved complex and resistant to treatment. One notable constellation of symptoms is post-deployment respiratory illness, which has become a focus of research and policy efforts. The present study sought to examine the impact of post-deployment psychological distress on respiratory symptom severity. Data were obtained from the Veterans Affairs Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry (AHOBPR) health surveillance database (N =107,403). Psychological factors were compared against common organic and environmental predictors of post-deployment respiratory distress. Psychological distress following deployment was a stronger predictor of 12-month shortness of breath severity than general respiratory pathology or level of exposure to environmental hazards, controlling for gender, age, race, and tobacco use. Additionally, psychological distress was a better predictor of shortness of breath severity than documented respiratory illnesses including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic bronchitis. Implications and directions for future research are discussed, as well as potential alterations to existing treatment and health surveillance paradigms.

"마가렛 애트우드의 『심장은 마지막 순간에』에 나타난 탈진실 시대의 파놉티콘 "

This paper examines the surveillance system described in Margaret Atwood’s Heart Goes Last. Atwood portrays a near-future society confronting an economic crisis and an experimental city, Consilience. This paper notes that the surveillance systems found in Consilience have post-panoptic characteristics beyond the classical panopticon. Attempting to analyze Atwood’s panoptical society, this paper focuses on Zygmunt Bauman’s theory. Bauman explains that as modern society has liquidity, the surveillance paradigm has also penetrated society with a different tendency from previous societies. With the development of technology, the intention of the surveillance system is regarded as a social contract. Also, this paper argues that the post-truth phenomenon is a catalyst for strengthening the panopticon in modern society. In the process of repeated deception, the protagonists, who are economically and socially marginalized, easily fall into cognitive bias. It denotes that their vulnerability rationalizes to be monitored. Atwood evokes the difficulty of not being misled by the tendency to post-truth during the dynamic of inclusion and exclusion, which is the basis of a surveillance society.

Surveillance as a culture of vigilance: the case of Napoleonic Italy

This article aims to verify the concept of "culture of vigilance" recently proposed by Arndt Brendecke and Paola Molino in Napoleonic Italy, a context traditionally interpreted in the light of surveillance paradigms. What emerges from the case study of the "capi contrada" established in Vicenza in 1806 is that the Napoleonic police were ultimately compelled to resort to requesting help from individuals belonging to the local communities they wanted to monitor. The "capi contrada" soon became one of the primary sources of information for urban law enforcement. Nevertheless, this collaboration remained strictly tied to the self-interest of the "capi". This kind of "inter-hierarchical"position was not limited to Vicenza, as analogous positions existed in several other cities of the Kingdom of Italy. Thanks to this case study, it is possible to recast the development of state-driven surveillance as one of the many cultures of vigilance that coexisted in Italy at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

A Synthesized Approach to Explaining the Expansion of Surveillance: Risk Perceptions and Surveillance as a Positive Feedback Loop

This paper is a review of partially available surveillance literature which attempts to synthesize information about the field of surveillance within sociology. It will provide a clearer understanding of the expansion of surveillance. This paper argues that modern surveillance paradigms evolve much like a positive feedback loop in the biological sense, where increasing surveillance feeds back into the need for more surveillance, causing (if left unchecked) an exponential rise in the level of surveillance within society. This position is supported through evidence from a thought-provoking philosophical anecdote, surveillance assemblages, risk as a psychological and sociological process and its effect on surveillance, surveillance capitalism, and national security and its role in this expansion. Finally, this paper concludes with a possible recommendation for dealing with surveillance going forward, how to end the feedback loop, and shows where future research within sociology and surveillance as a focus could be taken.

Why Brazil? Why Petrobras? Why not Odebrecht? Patterns and outcomes of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the role of the U.S. in the Car Wash Operation

The main objective of this paper is to describe how Brazil as a country, and Petrobras as a company, were natural candidates to a remarkable anti-corruption enforcement under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act - FCPA. Our description is based on both data and literature review. Our data reveals that non-U.S. companies and specific economic sectors, such as oil and gas, have been privileged targets under the U.S. expanded jurisdiction, granted due the FCPA. Furthermore, literature review leads us to the idea that Brazil is a capital-export country with substantial influence over Latin America and Africa – therefore providing an additional incentive to a focus on the country, as the promotion of cleaner practices in Brazil could potentially have positive trickle-down effects beyond its borders. The article expands the game-theory hypothesis developed by Griffith and Lee, as it demonstrates that remarkable foreign anti-bribery enforcements do help establish a new, expanded paradigm of anti-corruption surveillance and that Petrobras would have incentives to press for a cleaner environment. However, we conclude the same is not true about Odebrecht. Odebrecht’s fragile situation due to debarments and reputational problems, the maintenance of political extorsion in the construction market, and the role of foreign companies less embedded in the FCPA standards make Odebrecht an unlikely engine of change. Our conclusions indirectly question the Brazilian authorities' role in the so-called Car Wash Operation, as the success of the foreign anti-corruption enforcement may conceal local fragilities and overestimate its institutional readiness.

MP24-02 SURVEY BASED STUDY OF EMERGING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR VHL

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP24-02 SURVEY BASED STUDY OF EMERGING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR VHL Neal Patel, Aileen Arvelo, Gennady Bratslavsky, Chandra Clark, Othon Iliopoulos, Eric Jonasch, Sandy Liu, Joshua Mann, Peter Muraki, and Brian Shuch Neal PatelNeal Patel More articles by this author , Aileen ArveloAileen Arvelo More articles by this author , Gennady BratslavskyGennady Bratslavsky More articles by this author , Chandra ClarkChandra Clark More articles by this author , Othon IliopoulosOthon Iliopoulos More articles by this author , Eric JonaschEric Jonasch More articles by this author , Sandy LiuSandy Liu More articles by this author , Joshua MannJoshua Mann More articles by this author , Peter MurakiPeter Muraki More articles by this author , and Brian ShuchBrian Shuch More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002563.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Belzutifan was recently FDA approved for the management of Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL). Given the disease complexity and morbidity of recurrent surgery, a well-tolerated systemic agent has been long-awaited. Balancing benefit with chronic usage and toxicity must be considered. To gain insight in future usage, a survey was provided to VHL kidney cancer experts in the United States. METHODS: A survey was developed by members of the VHL Family Alliance Advisory Council. The survey was distributed to practitioners involved in the care of VHL kidney cancer patients at designated VHL Alliance Care Centers and National Comprehensive Cancer Network centers. Center contacts were asked to distribute the survey amongst kidney cancer specialists who would be involved in VHL kidney cancer care. Surveys were anonymous and hosted on a secure, web-based platform. VHL practitioners were asked about the feasibility of using belzutifan, which specialty should administer, clinical indications for renal and non-renal manifestations, and optimal duration of therapy. Descriptive statistics were performed and Pearson chi-square analyses to evaluate differences between groups. RESULTS: A total of 59 respondents from 30 institutions participated. Urologists (51%) and medical oncologists (42%) represented the majority of participants. The majority (98%) of respondents anticipated that belzutifan’s approval would significantly change the current kidney cancer treatment landscape and therapy should be continuous (76%). 43% of urologists planned to prescribe belzitufan compared to 84% of medical oncologists (p=0.006). Only 9% of medical oncologists believed that urologists should be involved in belzutifan administration as opposed to 38% of urologist (p=0.015). In individuals with renal tumors <3 cm with low anticipated surgical morbidity, only 36% would continue the prior treatment paradigm of surveillance then surgery while 36% would initiate belzutifan to prevent growth. In those with multifocal disease with growth of a solitary lesion while on belzutifan, 50% would proceed with isolated treatment of that site. CONCLUSIONS: Most VHL kidney cancer specialists anticipate a paradigm shift in the field with the approval of belzutifan. Provider roles may change with movement away from local treatment. Opinions on which specialists should administer belzutifan differ by specialty. Treatment indications on topics such as when to initiate therapy and how to best salvage vary widely. Collaborative efforts amongst experts to accumulate additional clinical data will help guide a new era of VHL management. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e392 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Neal Patel More articles by this author Aileen Arvelo More articles by this author Gennady Bratslavsky More articles by this author Chandra Clark More articles by this author Othon Iliopoulos More articles by this author Eric Jonasch More articles by this author Sandy Liu More articles by this author Joshua Mann More articles by this author Peter Muraki More articles by this author Brian Shuch More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Reimagining the White surveillance gaze: A practical theological proposal for repentant and solidaristic engagement

ABSTRACT This surveillance gaze is White in the sense that while it may, on occasion, intentionally target people who are non-white for special scrutiny, this gaze comprises operations and experiences of surveillance that assume Whiteness as normative and unremarkable. It raises barriers which are of no, or minimal hindrance, to white people. This article draws on examples and theories of racial bias within Artificial Intelligence technologies to identify dataism (a naïve trust in data) to be a significant dimension of the problematic gaze. Using Stoddart’s cruciform Christian theology of surveillance and the preferential optic for the (digitally) poor, in conjunction with Trozzo’s theological critique of data and Pattison’s theological notion of enfacement, proposals are made for dismantling the White surveillance gaze. These include acknowledging biases in White theology and imagining a redeemed White gaze as a paradigm of repentant and solidaristic surveillance. The article concludes with recommendations for enhanced practice by Christians who are developers, users, and subjects of surveillance technologies.