Necrosis Of Surrounding Tissue Research Articles

Clinical and pathogenetic changes in dogs with chronic pancreatitis

The article presents the results of chronic canine pancreatitis retrospective research based on comparison of clinical, biochemical and histopathological data. To compare the symptoms and the clinical course of chronic pancreatitis, the dogs’ with clinically confirmed diagnosis history of the disease was used. The data were obtained from the private hospital of veterinary medicine (Kyiv-city) database of pathologoanatomical records, conducted at the, regarding dogs with histological confirmation chronic pancreatitis that was determined based on pancreatic tissue irreversible histological changes (fibrosis and atrophy). It was established that most often chronic pancreatitis manifests by apathy, appetite decreasing, vomiting and diarrhea. Chronic pancreatitis is more common in old decorative breed dogs that have been sterilized, with the simultaneous pathology of the endocrine, hepatobiliary and nervous systems. In sick dogs’ blood serum observed high levels of enzymes that reflect the functional state of the liver and pancreas, increased bilirubin levels. At histological researches observed necrosis of pancreatic and surrounding connective tissues. The results of our research indicate that dogs’ chronic pancreatitis has no clear clinical signs, however, the most common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, chronic vomiting, loss of appetite. The most common clinical and biochemical disorders were increased serum transaminases and bilirubin concentrations. The similarity of clinical signs in dogs with acute and chronic pancreatitis shows us that chronic pancreatitis may be the result of acute pancreatitis numerous attacks. For our opinion, the pathogenesis of dogs’ chronic pancreatitis based on necrotic pancreas process and the replacement of normal tissues on fibroids. Probably, that in an animal with chronic pancreatitis, without the presence of pancreatic and surrounding tissue necrosis, specific clinical signs develop less frequently. In our research, we differentiated them as patients with chronic pancreatitis based on a histopathological research.

Bladder wall and surrounding tissue necrosis following bilateral superselective embolization of internal iliac artery branches due to uncontrollable haematuria related to bladder tumor: case report

BackgroundCase of urinary bladder wall and surrounding tissue necrosis following bilateral superselective embolization of internal iliac artery branches due to unmanageable haematuria associated with aggressive bladder tumor.CaseWe achieved the bleeding control, but patient demonstrated severe postembolization syndrome at follow-up (low abdominal pain, arterial hypertension, hyperthermia). Severe bladder tissue and surrounding neoplastic tissue necrosis developed several days after procedure. Patient died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to longstanding peritonitis.ConclusionsTumor ischemia and bladder wall and surrounding tissue necrosis, are possible serious complications ofembolization using calibrated microspheres. These complications can be very dangerous, and even fatal.

Fractional Transepidermal Delivery: A Histological Analysis

Background: In autologous cell therapy, e.g. in melanocyte transplantation for vitiligo, a minimally invasive mode of transepidermal delivery of the isolated cells is of crucial importance to reduce potential side effects such as infections and scarring as well as to minimize the duration of sick leave. Objectives:To compare the characteristics of the microscopic treatment zones induced by ablative fractional CO₂ laser and by microneedle treatment in ex vivo human breast skin. Results: Ablative fractional CO₂ laser treatment resulted in superficial, mainly epidermal defects reaching at most the upper papillary dermis (0.1–0.3 mm), covered by a thin eschar and coated by a small zone of collagen denaturation. Tissue injury characteristics depended on spot size as well as the energy delivered. Microneedle treatment led to thin vertical skin fissures, reaching the middermis (up to 0.5 mm) and injuring dermal blood vessels, but without surrounding tissue necrosis. Conclusions: Both technologies are able to create small epidermal defects which allow to deliver isolated cells such as melanocytes to an epidermodermal site, with microneedle treatment having the advantage of lacking devitalized tissue and eventually enabling vascular access for the transplanted cells.

Polyenic pigments from the Brazilian octocoral Phyllogorgia dilatata Esper, 1806 characterized by Raman spectroscopy

AbstractPhyllogorgia dilatata is a Brazilian endemic gorgonian with a natural color ranging from white to pale yellow. An unusual violet pigmentation has been observed in colonies with tissue damage and skeleton anomalies. In order to investigate the chemical composition of these pigments, we have used in situ Raman spectroscopy to characterize the white/cream and violet tissues as well as sclerites, a skeletal component consisting of calcite, from both samples. Violet/purple pigmentation surrounding tissue necrosis is characterized as purpling, in response to fungus infection and allelopathic interactions. The spectroscopic analysis of the white‐cream tissues, designated as healthy, has revealed the presence of the carotenoid peridinin, typical of the endosymbiont that harbors this species; however, peridinin was not observed in the colorless sclerites analysis, presenting bands exclusively of calcite. In contrast, the violet coloration of damaged tissue has also been observed in the sclerites. Both showed Raman bands corresponding to unmethylated polyunsaturated aldehyde, besides calcite bands. This is the first report of purpling in a Brazilian octocoral, identified as a derivative of the biochromes named psittacofulvins, which have been reported as exclusive in parrots. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Ischemic gallbladder perforation in a premature infant

Gallbladder perforation is an extremely rare condition in infants. We present a premature infant who had congestive heart failure and renal failure owing to complex congenital heart disease and developed gallbladder perforation at 60 days of age. The patient showed neither signs of peritonitis nor impaired liver function; however, we found bile drainage from the peritoneal dialysis tube. Emergent laparotomy revealed a 3-mm perforation with surrounding tissue necrosis over the gallbladder neck. Cholecystectomy was performed after patent common bile duct was demonstrated using intraoperative cholangiography. No stones were noted in the gallbladder. Further histologic examinations of the perforation site showed ischemic changes. There were no biliary complications after surgery. Nevertheless, the patient died of multiple organ failure at 120 days old.

Effective regional therapy of experimental cancer with paralesional administration of tumour necrosis factor-α + interferon-γ

Systemically administered tumour necrosis factor (TNF) has anti-tumour effects in animal tumour models but its clinical application is limited by severe toxicity. Interferon-γ(IFN-γ) has been shown to augment the anti-tumour effect of TNF. We evaluated the effect of paralesional (p.l.) injections of TNF plus IFN-γ in a murine tumour model and compared the toxicity and anti-tumour effect with that seen with systemic administration. C57BL6 mice with 10-day subcutaneous MCA sarcomas were treated with daily p.l. injections of recombinant huTNF ± IFN-γ for 5 days. Optimal mean survival and 30-day cure rate was seen with doses of 5 μg TNF-α + 5000 U IFN-γ ( P < 0.05 vs. control or IFN-γ alone). Tumour response after a single i.v. injection of 0–15 μg TNF + 5000 U IFN-γ was then compared with five daily p.l. injections of the same dose of TNF-α and IFN-γ. All animals with p.l. injections of > 5 μg TNF had initial complete necrosis of tumour with a variable degree of surrounding tissue necrosis, with rapid regrowth of tumour seen in some animals. Although treatment-related mortality was similar between i.v. and p.l. therapy, there was a higher percentage of animals cured with p.l. injections with overall cure rates in treated animals at 30 days of 17% vs. 72% (i.v. vs. p.l., P < 0.01) and 13% vs. 67% ( P < 0.04) in a repeat study. Paralesional administration of TNF-α and IFN-γ results in a dose-dependent improvement in antitumour effect and cure rate that is significantly greater than that of systemic injection. This improvement in therapeutic efficacy that is obtainable with regional administration of cytokines may have clinical applications.

Effects of Leukotrienes on Susceptibility of the Rat Stomach to Damage and Investigation of the Mechanism of Action

The ability of various leukotrienes to alter the susceptibility of the rat gastric mucosa to injury by 20% ethanol and the possible mechanism of action were examined using an ex vivo gastric chamber preparation. Intraarterial infusions of leukotriene B4 or N-acetyl leukotriene E4 (0.01-1.0 microgram/kg per min for 10 min) had no significant effect on the extent of damage induced by topically applied 20% ethanol. However, infusion of leukotriene C4, D4, or E4 (1.0 micrograms/kg per min) significantly increased ethanol-induced damage, as measured macroscopically, histologically, and functionally. Lower doses of leukotriene C4, D4, or E4 were without significant effect in this model. The increase in damage induced by these three leukotrienes could be blocked by pretreatment with either of two structurally unrelated leukotriene D4 antagonists (L-649,923 or L-660,711). The augmentation of damage by leukotriene C4 was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin or with a specific thromboxane A2-receptor antagonist (L-670,596). At the dose that increased ethanol-induced damage, none of the leukotrienes tested significantly altered gastric vascular permeability, as measured by Evan's blue leakage. However, using laser-Doppler flowmetry, leukotrienes C4 and D4 were found, when administered intraarterially at doses in the 0.05-1.0 micrograms/kg per min range, to produce dose-dependent reductions of gastric blood flow while N-acetyl leukotriene E4 was without effect and leukotriene B4 induced slight increases. The effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4 on gastric blood flow could be inhibited by the two leukotriene D4 antagonists but not by the thromboxane antagonist. These results demonstrate that although they do not produce damage by themselves, leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4 are capable of augmenting ethanol-induced injury to the gastric mucosa. Changes in vascular permeability do not appear to play a role in the mechanism of action of the leukotrienes, while their effects on gastric blood flow are likely to be important. Under certain condition it is therefore possible that local release of leukotrienes could, at least in part through reducing vascular perfusion, predispose the surrounding tissue necrosis.