Stability Analysis Of Surrounding Rock Research Articles

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Mining Tunnels Based on Microseismic Monitoring and Numerical Simulation

In response to the safety hazards and environmental impacts caused by the decrease in the stability of the surrounding rock of the roadway and the frequent occurrence of microseismic activities during coal mining, the 4331 fully mechanized mining face of Nanpingdong Coal Mine was selected as a case study. Microseismic monitoring technology was used to analyze the spatial distribution of microseismic events in the surrounding rock during mining, and by establishing a FLAC3D numerical model, the displacement of surrounding rock and the evolution law of plastic zone during mining process are studied. The results confirmed that elastic strain energy in the rock is the primary source of microseismic energy. Using FISH language, a distribution cloud map of elastic strain energy was generated and compared with the microseismic event distribution and energy results. The findings indicate that as mining advances, the frequency and energy of microseismic events increase, particularly near faults, with roadway roof rupture exacerbating the events. The distribution of microseismic events correlates strongly with the depth of mining face advancement, highlighting the significant impact of mining activities on surrounding rock stability. The numerical simulation results closely align with on-site microseismic monitoring data, validating the simulation’s accuracy. This study proposes a method for dynamic monitoring and control of roadway surrounding rock stability through real-time microseismic monitoring and numerical simulation, aiming to mitigate surface environmental damage from underground mining.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock and Initial Support of Tunnel Undercrossing Multi-Situational Goafs: A Reference of Construction Guidance

To ensure the construction and operational safety of tunnel undercrossing multi-situational goafs, the Huaying Mountain High-Speed Rail Tunnel, a critical section of the Xi’an-Chongqing High-Speed Railway, was taken as a case study. Based on a three-dimensional finite difference numerical simulation platform, twelve situations were established to analyze the effects of three factors: distance, scale, and angle. The stability analysis was conducted by examining the displacement and deformation characteristics of the surrounding rock, stress changes, and axial forces of the initial support for each situation. The results show that in tunnel undercrossing multi-situational goafs, the vertical deformation, horizontal convergence of the surrounding rock, and the maximum axial force of initial support are all affected. Within a certain range, changes in distance significantly impact subsidence and settlement deformation of the surrounding rock. However, as the distance increases, the horizontal and vertical displacements of the tunnel and the axial force of the initial support tend to decrease. Conversely, the scale and angle of the goaf have an opposite effect on the surrounding rock: as the scale and angle increase, the stability of the surrounding rock deteriorates. In this case study, when the distance exceeds 1.13 times the tunnel span, the influence of the goaf on the stability of the surrounding rock gradually decreases. When the angle exceeds 45°, vertical displacement decreases, and the increasing trend of horizontal displacement gradually diminishes. The conclusions of this paper can provide guidance for designing reinforcement schemes for tunnels crossing through multi-situational goafs. The findings provide valuable insights and guidance for similar engineering projects.

Uniaxial compressive strength prediction based on measurement while drilling data: A laboratory study

The uniaxial compressive strength is one of the most important basic parameters of rock, which is essential for surrounding rock stability analysis and support scheme design of underground engineering. At present, it is time consuming and costly to take a large amount of core samples for laboratory testing, and the mechanical properties of the cores may be affected by mining disturbance, which can easily lead to inaccurate result. The measurement while drilling (MWD) technology provides a new approach to solve the above challenge. The key to implementing this technology is to establish a correlation model between drilling parameters and rock mechanics parameters. Based on the characteristics of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits in drilling and rock breakage, this paper analyzes the mechanical state of the bit in breaking rock. A theoretical correlation model between the torque, feed force of the bit and the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock has been developed. To verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, the uniaxial compressive strength of five different types of rocks (red sandstone, green sandstone, limestone, marble and shale) was obtained through laboratory mechanical tests. The torque Mb, feed force Fb and other parameters in the drilling process of these five rocks were tested through the newly developed MWD test system. The correlation between the drilling parameters and the uniaxial compressive strength of rock was established. The results showed that the feed force Fb and torque Mb measured at five different types of rocks indicate a linear increasing trend with an increase in depth of cut h. Meanwhile, a strong linear relationship between the feed force Fb and torque Mb is evident. This paper proposes an MWD-based method to rapidly conduct the in-situ measurement of the uniaxial compressive strength of various rocks.

Analysis of Surrounding Rock Stability and Supporting Structure Effect Based on a Hydropower Station Underground Cavern

The surrounding rock stability is a main difficult problem in the hydropower station construction and operation. Taking one hydropower station as object, FLAC 3D numerical simulation software was used to calculate the changes in surrounding rock failure zone distribution, surrounding rock strain, and block safety factor before and after supporting. The stability of the surrounding rock after excavation was analyzed and effect of the supporting structure was also evaluated. Finding that: the supporting structure can effectively improve the stability of surrounding rock. After supporting, the failure zone range, the deformation of surrounding rock, and the internal force of the supporting structure all reduced, while the safety factor of the block improved. Due to the effect of bolt, the deformation of the surrounding rock transformed from plastic to elastic, and the rebound zone of the surrounding rock increased, while the plastic and failure zone reduced. The depth of the failure zone on the downstream side is greater than that on the upstream side, and a large number of cracking zones are distributed on the downstream side. At the same time, due to the influence of cracks and geological fracture, the failure of surrounding rock around the main powerhouse is higher than that around the tailgate chamber higher than that in the main transformer chamber. The safety factor of the key blocks distributed around the main transformer chamber and the main power house improved, the sliding form of some blocks transformed from collapse to single-surface sliding.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Deep Underground Engineering Under Fluid-solid Interaction

The geological environment of deep rock masses is extreme and complex, characterized by typical deep geological features such as high geostress, high permeation water pressure, and high geotemperature. Geological disasters like water and mud inrush, high-intensity rock bursts, and large-volume collapses occur frequently in engineering construction, presenting more complex mechanisms of disaster than shallower rock masses and severely impacting the construction and operational safety of deep underground projects. Utilizing three-dimensional numerical simulation methods, this study investigated the deformation, stress, and plastic zone characteristics of surrounding rock under multi-field coupling conditions during the construction of deep caverns, revealing the stability influencing factors of deep caverns under multi-field coupling. A funnel-shaped precipitation area forms near the excavation surface of the cavern, gradually expanding as the initial pore water pressure increases. The concentration of seepage vectors in the sidewalls and arch feet continues to increase, with local seepage rates reaching 5.1×10^-6. The cavern's crown and sidewalls are particularly sensitive to changes in pore water pressure, with the maximum tensile stress appearing 1 m and 3 m axially along the sidewalls of the cavern. The plastic zone experiences its greatest increase at a water pressure of 4 MPa.

A novel anisotropic deterioration mechanical model for rock ductile–brittle failure under 3D high-stress and its application

After the excavation of deep underground engineering, the three-dimensional (3D) stress state redistributes, leading to a significant change in the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock; however, the mechanical properties and parameter evolutions of rock under true triaxial stress are not clear, and theoretical mechanical models characterizing the above rock properties for surrounding rock stability analysis are very deficient. Therefore, in this research, a series of true triaxial compression tests and cyclic loading and unloading tests were carried out to investigate 3D stress-induced anisotropic behaviours, ductile–brittle characteristics and mechanical parameter evolutions. The determination methods of the mechanical parameters of Young’s modulus Ei, cohesion c, internal friction angle φ and dilation angle ψ in the rock failure process under true triaxial stresses were established, and the evolution functions of the mechanical parameters were proposed. A 3D degradation mechanical model for rock ductile–brittle and anisotropic behaviours under true triaxial stress was established. A numerical calculation program of the proposed model was implemented, and the simulation results agreed with the experimental results. The engineering application of the proposed model was further investigated with an improved index of rock fracture degree for the localized asymmetric failure of deep surrounding rock after excavation.

Fracture evolution and fracture mechanism of tunnel surrounding rock: A case study based on laboratory tests and theoretical analysis

AbstractTo explore the fracture characteristics and fracture mechanism of the surrounding rock of straight‐walled arched tunnels, this study first carried out biaxial compression tests on rock samples and analyzed the disaster evolution characteristics under loading. Then, a stress distribution function was established using a complex function, and the distribution characteristics of the surrounding rock stress field were determined. Finally, combining the stress field with results obtained by computational tomography and acoustic emission measurements, the dynamic evolution of the main fracture mechanism of the tunnel surrounding rock was comprehensively analyzed, and the fracture mechanism of the surrounding rock of the straight‐walled arched tunnel was elucidated. The research results strengthen the understanding of rock fracture evolution during tunnel construction and operation and provide a basis for tunnel construction and surrounding rock stability analysis.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of an Underground Cavern Group and Excavation Scheme Optimization: Based on an Optimized DDARF Method

The surrounding rock stability of an underground cavern group is an important issue in the process of cavern excavation, which has the characteristics of large displacement, discontinuity and uneven deformation, so the calculation and analysis are very complicated. The optimized discontinuous deformation analysis for rock failure method was adopted to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock of a real underground engineering cavern group under different excavation schemes. The cracking process of surrounding rock under different excavation schemes, the depth of crack expansion and the vertical displacement of the arch and bottom floor were obtained, and the following conclusions are drawn: (a) After the completion of the excavation, the stability problems mainly appeared in the surrounding rocks of the arch, left wall, right wall and bottom floor of the main powerhouse, in the surrounding rocks of the arch, left wall and bottom floor of the main transformer chamber and in the surrounding rocks of the arch, right wall and bottom floor of the tailrace surge tank. (b) Fault f2 has an influence on the stability of the surrounding rock of the tailrace surge tank, while fault f1 has no influence on the stability of the cave group. (c) The scheme of simultaneous excavation of three caverns shows the advantages in the crack propagation depth of surrounding rock and vertical displacements of caverns.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in the Diversion Tunnel at the Xulong Hydropower Station based on RFPA3D and Microseismic Monitoring

To study the surrounding rock stability of the excavated geologically weak section of the #2 diversion tunnel in the Xulong Hydropower Station, a quasi-3D numerical model was built using the Realistic Failure Process Analysis (RFPA3D) system to simulate the damage and failure process consisting of crack initiation, growth, and penetration in the rock mass after tunnel excavation, and reveal the instability failure mechanism inside the rock mass. Moreover, the microseismic monitoring technology was employed to delineate potential danger areas in the surrounding rock of the tunnel and explore possible instability failure modes. Results indicate that the surrounding rock of the tunnel profile failed as different degrees during the excavation process, most obviously near the vault and corners of the side wall, where tensile failure predominated. As the excavation proceeded, microseismic events increased gradually at the vault and corners of the side wall, and the energy from acoustic emissions accumulated steadily, thus raising the possibility of collapse and rock bursts in this area. The research results can provide technical support for the construction of the diversion tunnel project in the Xulong Hydropower Station and serve as a guide for the construction of similar geologically weak underground projects.

Tunnel surrounding rock stability analysis based on geological condition reconstruction and karst development prediction

Tunnel surrounding rock stability analysis based on geological condition reconstruction and karst development prediction

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Shallow-buried Subway Tunnel with Small Spacing under Different Working Conditions

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Shallow-buried Subway Tunnel with Small Spacing under Different Working Conditions

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Underground Chamber Excavation of Coral Reef Limestone

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Underground Chamber Excavation of Coral Reef Limestone

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Multi-Discontinuous Hydraulic Tunnel Based on Microseismic Monitoring

The diversion tunnel of a hydropower station is characterized by low quality surrounding rock and weak structural planes. During excavation, rock mass spalling and cracking frequently occur. To evaluate the stability of a rock mass during tunnel excavation, high-precision microseismic monitoring technology was introduced to carry out real-time monitoring. Based on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of microseismic events, the main damage areas and their influencing factors of tunnel rock mass were studied. By analyzing the source characteristic parameters of the concentration area of microseismic activities, the rock fracture mechanism of the concentration area was revealed. The 3D numerical model of diversion tunnel was established, and the deformation characteristics of the rock mass under the control of different combination types of weak structural planes were obtained. The results showed that the microseismic event was active between 29 October 2020 and 6 November 2020, and the energy release increased sharply. The main damage areas of the rock mass were located at Stakes K0 + 500–K0 + 600 m. Microseismic source parameters revealed that shear failure or fault-slip failure induced by geological structures had an important influence on the stability of the surrounding rock. The numerical simulation results were consistent with the microseismic monitoring results and indicated that among the three kinds of structural plane combination types, including “upright triangle”, “inverted triangle” and “nearly parallel”, the “upright triangle” structure had the most significant influence on the stability of the surrounding rock. In addition, the maximum displacement of the surrounding rock had a trend of lateral migration to the larger dip angle in the three combined structural plane types. The research results will provide significant references for the safety evaluation and construction design of similar tunnels.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Large Semi-underground Pump House under Complex Conditions

The stability of the surrounding rock of large underground water-diversion projects is a critical safety concern. The water intake pumping station of a water-transfer project in Guizhou Province adopts the form of semi-underground pump house. The plane size of the main pump house is 93.5 × 40.0 m, and the maximum excavation depth is nearly 85 m, making it a large underground cavern. The project site is in a karst area with a complex geological environment, and multiple faults cross the main pump house. As a result, the groundwater seepage field affects the stability of the surrounding rock after the reservoir is impounded. We used the connotative composite element method to simulate faults, and numerical simulations to analyze the stability of the surrounding rock during multi-stage excavations. The results demonstrate that the effects of the faults and seepage are significant, the influence of complex geologic faults on the stability of surrounding rock is reflected effectively by using the connotative fault element method, and using shotcrete bolt support and optimizing construction can make caverns under complex conditions safer.

Numerical Modeling and Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Yuanjue Cave

Yuanjue Cave, located in Big Buddha Bay, Mount Baoding, Dazu Rock Carvings Area, has extremely high historical, artistic, and religious value and is an important grotto cultural relic in China. Due to the cutting action of the fissures and weak interlayers, the South Cliff of Big Buddha Bay where Yuanjue Cave is located showed signs of instability. In order to fully evaluate the stability of the rock mass around the cliff where Yuanjue Cave is located, a three-dimensional geological model of the surrounding rock of Yuanjue Cave was established by using FLAC3D software, combined with three-dimensional scanning, fissure investigation, and indoor tests. The stability of the surrounding rock mass adjacent to Yuanjue Cave has been studied by precise numerical simulation, and the results of numerical simulation and monitoring have been compared and analysed. The results show the following: (1) The west of J10 fissure, above the mudstone interlayer, is the main deformation area. The cliff displacement increases gradually from the east to the west. The independent block above the corner has the largest free space displacement, and there is a risk of independent collapse. Special attention should be paid to the stability of this block. The displacement of the upper monitoring point of the cliff wall is significantly greater than that of the lower layer. (2) In the surrounding rock block in the adjacent area, the various concentrated stresses of the body are mainly located at the entrance of Yuanjue Cave, the height of the chest of the Zhengjue Buddha statue, and the lower mudstone erosion and reinforcement zone. Among them, the stress concentration in the erosion and reinforcement area under the Zhengjue Buddha statue is the largest. The conclusions obtained can provide a useful reference for the stability assessment of the surrounding rock of Yuanjue Cave.

块体理论在某地下洞库围岩稳定性分析中的应用

块体理论在某地下洞库围岩稳定性分析中的应用

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Large Section Ultradeep Shaft Wall

In order to study the stability of deep surrounding rock during the excavation of new main shaft in Xincheng gold mine, a construction method suitable for large section ultradeep shaft is proposed. A series of analyses were carried out in this study, including the in situ stress test, stress response of surrounding rock disturbance, deformation and failure characteristics, and numerical simulation. Based on the above analysis, the stability control method of surrounding rock in the process of deep excavation of the new main shaft is proposed. The results show that (1) the maximum principal stress of deep surrounding rock of new main shaft is horizontal stress, and the surrounding rock of the shaft has strong rock burst tendency after excavation; (2) the influence range of the deep shaft excavation disturbance is 6.4 times the shaft radius, in which the temporary support should be strengthened to avoid the influence of excavation disturbance on the stability of shaft wall rock; (3) the failure shape of surrounding rock of the deep shaft excavation was “ear” failure, and the failure depth was not more than 2.5 m; (4) after replacing the original “one‐excavation and one‐masonry” construction with “three‐excavation and one‐masonry” construction, the temporary support span of the main shaft was adjusted to 12 m, which can make the subsequent concrete shaft wall in the state of “no pressure bearing or slow low pressure bearing,” and the lining compressive safety coefficient was increased to 1.98, which meets the safety requirements.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock of Water-Rich Tunnel and Optimization of Blasting Construction Method

Tian, G.B.; Dai, J.; Wu, Y., and Zhai, H.H., 2020. Stability analysis of surrounding rock of water-rich tunnel and optimization of blasting construction method. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 514-517. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to solve the technical problems of tunnel construction in water-rich area, the deformation and stress change of surrounding rock caused by three blasting methods, such as entire section method, bench method and single side heading method, are analyzed. The bench method produces the minimum displacement of the vault, and the displacement of the first row hole is slightly larger than that of the second row hole. After the tunnel excavation, the tensile stress concentration area appears in the inverted arch, the maximum tensile stress value produced by the entire section method is the smallest, and the bench method is the largest. The single side heading method has the least influence on the surrounding rock of the first tunnel. Finally, it is determined that the first tunnel of the water-rich tunnel is excavated by entire section method and the rear tunnel is excavated by Single side heading method. Through the field implementation, the method is proved to be feasible.

Stability Analysis of Surrounding Rock in Circular Tunnels Based on Critical Support Pressure

Accurate calculation for the critical support pressure of tunnels plays an important role in tunnel stability evaluation and support design. In this study, a mechanical model for circular tunnels is developed. Considering the intermediate principal stress and strain‐softening characteristic of rock mass, the critical support pressure when the plastic zone and damage zone begin to occur is determined based on the unified strength criterion and strain‐softening model. Through the example study, the critical support pressure under different intermediate principal stress coefficient is solved. Furthermore, the effect of initial field stress, softening coefficient, and maximum damage variable on the critical support pressure are also discussed. The results show that the critical support pressure and radii of plastic and damage zones all decrease with the increase of the intermediate principal stress coefficient. The larger the initial field stress, the larger the critical support pressure. The softening coefficient and maximum damage variable of rock mass has no influence on the critical support pressure when the plastic zone begins to form, but has a significant effect on the critical support pressure when the damage zone begins to form. As softening coefficient increases and maximum damage variable decreases, the critical support pressure when the damage zone which begins to form increases. Data presented in this contribution provide significant theoretical insights into evaluating tunnel stability and support system reliability.

Energy Dissipation Method for Surrounding Rock's Stability Analysis and Its Application

Energy Dissipation Method for Surrounding Rock's Stability Analysis and Its Application