Surgical Treatment Of Cataract Research Articles

Клинико-функциональные результаты хирургического лечения катаракты и пресбиопии с использованием дифракционнорефракционных ИОЛ AcrySof ReSTOR

Клинико-функциональные результаты хирургического лечения катаракты и пресбиопии с использованием дифракционнорефракционных ИОЛ AcrySof ReSTOR

Optimization of surgical treatment of cataract in patients with diabetes mellitus

Aim. To compare different methods for surgical treatment of cataract in patients with diabetes melli-tus (DM) and substantiate the choice of its optimalmodality. Materials and methods. Analysis included data on 209 patients (221 eyes) treated from January 2008 to December 2009 in the Department ofRetinopathy and Ophthalmosurgey, Endocrinological Research Centre. Diabetic cataract was managed using UNIVERSAL-II, LEGACY EVEREST,and INFINITI phacoemulsifiers. Parameters studied included time of ultrasound (US) ex-posure, US power, and retinal characteristics in the earlypostoperative period. In addition, analysis included data on the location of lens opacity in 1047 patients (1897 eyes) with diabetic cataract. Results. Relatively low corrected and uncorrected visual acuity in the early postoperative period was attributable to concomitant DM-related retinalpathology. Analysis of lenticular opacity showed that it in the first place affected collagen fibers beneath the posterior capsule. The use of torsional USin INFINITI for cataract phacoemulsification produced almost 4-fold reduction in the exposure time of ocular tissues. As a result, the postoperativeoedema was significantly smaller than in patients undergoing combined treatment (AQUALASE hydromonitoring and OZIL ultrasound system). Conclusion. Combination of ultrasound and hydromonitoring phacoemulsification for the treatment of cataract in DM patients reduces exposure timeof ocular tissues and postoperative oedema which creates prerequisites for faster recovery of visual acuity after surgery. Functional results of surgicaltreatment of diabetic cataract can be further improved by early diagnosis of lens opacity and the use of US and hydromonitoring phacoemulsificationtechniques.

Impact of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation cataract in rat

To investigate the effect of iris pigment and pupil size in ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cataract. Brown-Norway rats (pigmented) and Fischer-344 rats (non-pigmented) were unilaterally exposed in vivo to 5 kJ/m(2) UVR. Each strain was split into two groups, each receiving either mydriatic (tropicamide) or miotic (pilocarpine) eye-drops. One week after exposure, the degree of ocular inflammation and damage in the anterior segment was determined. The lenses were extracted, photographed and the degree of forward light scattering (cataract) was quantified. The cataract types differed between the two strains. All Fischer rats developed macroscopically identifiable UVR cataract while only 41% of Brown-Norway rats did so. All groups except the miotic Brown-Norway developed significant light scattering. The Fischer rats developed 3-4-fold more lens light scattering than the Brown-Norway rats. The miotic Fischer group exhibited significantly more light scattering than the mydriatic Fischer group. There was no significant difference in light scattering between the two Brown-Norway groups. There was a correlation between ocular inflammation and degree of light scattering, with Brown-Norway rats exhibiting less inflammation and lens light scattering. Pigmented rats develop less UVR cataract and less ocular inflammation than non-pigmented rats. Pupil size plays a smaller role in UVR cataract development in pigmented rats than in non-pigmented. The role of UVR-induced ocular inflammation in cataract development is still ambiguous.

Characteristics of Electroretinograms in Canine Eyes with Cataracts

Pre-operative electroretinographic (ERG) data from 203 dogs with cataracts at the National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital (NTUVH) were analyzed. Retinal function of the catatact dogs was examined by a RetinoGraphics ERG system with a white flash stimulus delivered to mydriatic canine eyes under general anesthesia. ERG was recorded by a contact-lens type of recording electrode referenced to a needle electrode inserted subcutaneously 3 cm posterior to the lateral can-thus. Abnormal ERG results with a wave amplitude less than 70 micorvolts were measured in 27% (109/402) of the eyes examined, including 9% (37/402) of eyes with absent responses and 18% (72/402) of eyes with decreased responses to light stimuli. Miniature schnauzer, Miniature poodle, Pomenarian, and Cocker spaniel showed significantly lower ERG b-wave amplitudes when compared to mix-breed dogs. There were no remarkable changes in the implicit time of ERG wave. There was a big difference in b-wave amplitudes between different age among dogs lost of retinal function, whereas there was no difference in gender among dogs lost of retinal function. In 73% of the dogs, ERG results were normal and cataract surgery was performed with good post-op visual prognosis achieved. As retinal diseases commonly affect dogs and the diseases greatly affect post-op visual outcome and success rate of surgery performed in cataract patients, ERG is an essential procedure before cataract surgery to select suitable candidates for surgical treatment of cataracts in animals.

Towards standards of outcome quality: a protocol for the surgical treatment of cataract in developing countries

Towards standards of outcome quality: a protocol for the surgical treatment of cataract in developing countries

Pediatric cataracts.

There have been major changes over the past 5 to 10 years in our understanding of both the chemical basis for and the surgical treatment of cataract in infants and children. Important questions that remain to be answered include the appropriate power and design selection criteria for intraocular lens implantation, as well as management of the posterior capsule and long-term refractive sequelae. In the past 10 years, there have been radical changes in the management of visually significant cataract in the infant and child. Whereas lens removal, subtotal posterior capsulectomy, vitrectomy, and aphakia were once the standard of care, many physicians now feel that small incisions, phacoemulsification technology, and intraocular lenses (IOLs) are best for these patients. Work is continuing to accumulate a significant body of evidence to evaluate results of these changes in technique and to develop optimal IOL designs and selection criteria for these specialized cataract patients.

ПРОТИВОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ ДЕЙСТВИЕ КРЫЛОНЁБНОЙ БЛОКАДЫ В ОФТАЛЬМОХИРУРГИИ

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of pterygopalatine blockade in the surgical treatment of cataract in children. Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the efficacy of intraoperative anesthesia and the course of the postoperative period was carried out in 52 patients of two clinical groups that were formed depending on the method of anesthesia. The first clinical group included 26 patients who underwent a pterygopalatine blockade as a regional component of general anesthesia, the second comparison group was formed of 28 patients undergoing retrobulbar blockade. To assess the adequacy of anesthesia, the concentration of plasma cortisol and oxidation-reduction profile was determined before and after the operation, the intensity of the pain syndrome, the extent of the inflammatory reaction of the eye after surgery were assessed. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of cortisol and increased antioxidant capacity of the organism after surgery in patients of the first group. In patients of the 1 st clinical group, the Tyndal phenomenon of the 1 st degree was revealed in 15.3 % of cases, the remaining patients had no signs of inflammation. Each second patient of 2 nd group had a moderate degree of inflammatory reaction, and in 7 % of cases significant exudative phenomena were noted in the form of the Tyndall II degree phenomenon. Conclusion. The use of vesicle blockade in the surgical treatment of cataracts allowed improving the quality of rehabilitation of a patient with congenital cataract, both in the early and late postoperative period.

Ocular Manifestations of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

We followed 210 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis closely for eleven years. Thirty-six of the 210 patients (17.2%) developed iridocyclitis. Iridocyclitis was seen most frequently in young female patients (0 to 4 years) with the monoarticular or pauciatricular form of the arthritis. However, 30% of the patients developed uveitis after 16 years of age. Although 61% of patients had a noncontributory ocular history on entry, 42% had active uveitis on entry. Our approach was effective in detecting uveitis in new cases and exacerbations of uveitis in established cases. Forty-four percent of patients with uveitis had one or more identifiable signs or symptoms, such as red eye, ocular pain, decreased visual acuity, or photophobia, in order of decreasing frequency. Even after early detection and prompt treatment, 41% of cases of uveitis did not respond to more than six months of intensive topical treatment with corticosteroids and mydriatics. Despite this, there was a dramatic decrease in the 50% incidence of blinding complications of uveitis cited in earlier studies. Cataract and band keratopathy occurred in only 22 and 13% of our group, respectively. We used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in 173 of 210 cases and found only one case of chorioretinopathy attributable to these drugs. Systemically administered corticosteroids were used in 75 of 210 cases; a significant number of posterior subcapsular cataracts was found. Typical keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in three of the uveitis cases. This association with uveitis and JRA was not noted previously. Surgical treatment of cataracts, band keratopathy, and glaucoma achieved uniformly discouraging results.

Elementos de cirurgia do cristalino (Tratamento cirurgico da cataracta).

This is a practical treatise on the surgical treatment of cataract as carried out in the Institute of Ophthalmology of Dr. Gamma Pinto in Lisbon. It concerns the author's technic primarily, rather than a review of the literature. There are a brief chapter on the embryology and anatomy of the lens and good chapters on the indications for operation for the usual type of cataract and for various atypical forms. The operations are well illustrated with photographs and drawings. There is a good section on postoperative complications and their treatment.

The Surgical Treatment of Cataract

The Surgical Treatment of Cataract