Surgical Removal Of Tumor Tissue Research Articles

The Relationship Between the Molecular Phenotypes of Brain Gliomas and the Imaging Features and Sensitivity of Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the brain, accounting for about 80% of all central nervous system malignancies. With the development of molecular biology, the molecular phenotypes of gliomas have been shown to be closely related to the process of diagnosis and treatment. The molecular phenotype of glioma also plays an important role in guiding treatment plans and evaluating treatment effects and prognosis. However, due to the heterogeneity of the tumors and the trauma associated with the surgical removal of tumor tissue, the application of molecular phenotyping in glioma is limited. With the development of imaging technology, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide structural and function information about tumors in a noninvasive and radiation-free manner. MRI is very important for the diagnosis of intracranial lesions. In recent years, with the development of the technology for tumor molecular diagnosis and imaging, the use of molecular phenotype information and imaging procedures to evaluate the treatment outcome of tumors has become a hot topic. By reviewing the related literature on glioma treatment and molecular typing that has been published in the past 20 years, and referring to the latest 2020 NCCN treatment guidelines, summarizing the imaging characteristic and sensitivity of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of different molecular phenotypes of glioma. In this article, we briefly review the imaging characteristics of different molecular phenotypes in gliomas and their relationship with radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of gliomas.

Implantable, 3D-Printed Alginate Scaffolds with Bismuth Sulfide Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Local Breast Cancer via Enhanced Radiotherapy.

Surgical removal of tumor tissue remains the primary clinical approach for addressing breast cancer; however, complete tumor excision is challenging, and the remaining tumor cells can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis over time, which substantially deteriorates the life quality of the patients. With the aim to improve local cancer radiotherapy, this work reports the fabrication of alginate (Alg) scaffolds containing bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3@BSA) nanoradiosensitizers using three-dimensional (3D) printing. Under single-dose X-ray irradiation in vitro, Alg-Bi2S3@BSA scaffolds significantly increase the formation of reactive oxygen species, enhance the inhibition of breast cancer cells, and suppress their colony formation capacity. In addition, scaffolds implanted under tumor tissue in murine model show high therapeutic efficacy by reducing the tumor volume growth rate under single-dose X-ray irradiation, while histological observation of main organs reveals no cytotoxicity or side effects. 3D-printed Alg-Bi2S3@BSA scaffolds produced with biocompatible and biodegradable materials may potentially lower the recurrence and metastasis rates in breast cancer patients by inhibiting residual tumor cells following postsurgery as well as exhibit anticancer properties in other solid tumors.

Abstract 4245: BLZ-100 provides optical contrast in animal models of breast cancer

Abstract Over 230,000 new breast cancer cases occur in the US annually. Complete surgical removal of tumor tissue is critical to reduce the risk of local recurrence. About 24% of patients who undergo breast conservation surgery require a second surgery due to positive margins. Second surgeries can be psychologically and financially costly to patients. BLZ-100, a peptide-fluorophore conjugate, is a Tumor Paint product candidate being developed to provide real-time, high resolution, intraoperative optical contrast between tumor and normal tissue, potentially helping surgeons accomplish more complete and accurate tumor resections. Intraoperative imaging with BLZ-100 may potentially improve the percentage of breast cancer patients achieving a complete resection and negative margins at their first surgical procedure. To better define the relationship between tumor pathology and BLZ-100 fluorescence, data from mouse models and canine mammary cancer cases were evaluated. Human breast cancer was modeled in mice using cell lines and xenograft models using patient-derived tumors. Review of histopathology was also conducted for each dog case. Animals received a single IV dose of BLZ-100, and tumors were excised one day after dosing. Excised tumor and normal tissues were imaged using the Odyssey Clx (LI-COR) to determine the ratio of signal in tumor compared to normal (background) tissue (TBR). Detailed histopathology reports for the dog cases were also analyzed to determine factors potentially associated with fluorescence intensity and TBR. A significant BLZ-100 TBR was observed. Histopathologic features potentially associated with TBR in dogs included cellularity and the degree of infiltration and demarcation. The studies supported the concept that BLZ-100 might potentially serve as an intraoperative optical imaging agent for breast cancer surgery. Citation Format: Stacey Hansen, Janean Fidel, Katie Kennedy, William Dernell, Boel Fransson, Josh Ramsay, Valorie Wiss, Mark Stroud, Julia E. Parrish-Novak. BLZ-100 provides optical contrast in animal models of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4245.

Induction of a Tumor-Metastasis-Receptive Microenvironment as an Unwanted Side Effect After Radio/Chemotherapy and In Vitro and In Vivo Assays to Study this Phenomenon.

Besides surgical removal of tumor tissue, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the most important and efficient treatment modalities employed to treat therapy-susceptible malignancies. The main aim of this treatment-to destroy tumor cells-is unfortunately usually associated with toxicity to nontumor cells and different degrees of tissue and organ damage. In damaged tissues several chemoattractants are upregulated and released that may attract tumor cells. Moreover, highly migratory radio/chemotherapy treatment may endow cells with several properties of cancer stem cells which survive and respond to these chemoattractants upregulated in collateral tissues. Based on this, one of the unwanted and underappreciated side effects of chemotherapy or radiotherapy is the creation of a metastasis-receptive microenvironment in bones as well as in other organs of the body. Herein we describe methods and assays that can be employed to study migratory properties of cancer cells in in vitro (chemotaxis) and in vivo (seeding efficiency assay) conditions in response to the induction of pro-metastatic microenvironments in various organs and tissues.

Usefulness of Multimodal Examination and Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging System in Glioma Surgery

Extensive surgical removal of tumor tissue can contribute to longer survival for patients with gliomas. Intraoperative magnetic resonance (iMR) imaging is important for safe and maximal resection of brain tumors. A new operating room equipped with a 1.5-T MR imaging system and neuronavigation opened at Yamagata University Hospital in 2008. Using this new suite, we have safely treated over 200 cases. Use of iMR imaging improved glioma resection rates in 25 (34%) of 73 cases, and gross total resection was achieved in 48 patients (66%). Motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring was performed in combination with iMR imaging for 32 gliomas. MEP monitoring was successful in 30 cases (94%). Transient decreases in MEP amplitude were seen in two patients. One patient showed transient motor weakness and another showed improvement of motor function. The iMR imaging system provides useful information for tumor resection that allows intraoperative modification of surgical strategies. Combining MEP monitoring with iMR imaging appears to offer the most effective method for safe glioma surgery near eloquent areas.