Surgical Experience Research Articles

Predictor of Surgical Failure Following Transvaginal Mesh Repair Using Minimally Invasive Prolapse System Device (MIPS).

Background: The Minimally Invasive Prolapse System (MIPS) device, a novel single-incision transvaginal mesh, represents recent advancements in mesh technology, providing lightweight, biocompatible support for pelvic organ prolapse while reducing erosion, allowing for customization and improving surgical outcomes. This study aimed to identify factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) recurrence after transvaginal mesh (TVM) repair using the Minimally Invasive Prolapse System device. Methods: Two hundred and eighteen women with symptomatic stage II to IV POP underwent TVM. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included urinalyses and pelvic examinations using the POP quantification (POP-Q) staging system. Results: During a follow-up period of 12-46 months, 7 of 218 (3.2%) women experienced POP recurrence. Univariate analysis was conducted to identify predictors of surgical failure, revealing no significant differences in body mass index, POP stage, or preoperative urinary symptoms between the recurrence and success groups (p > 0.05). However, functional urethral length <20 mm based on urodynamics (p = 0.011), ICI-Q scores ≥7 (p = 0.012), and the first 60 surgical cases (p = 0.018) were significant predictors of surgical failure. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed these findings. Conclusions: Functional urethral length <20 mm, ICI-Q scores ≥7, and limited surgical experience were significant predictors of TVM failure using the Minimally Invasive Prolapse System kit. POP recurrence after mesh repair is less likely beyond the learning curve.

FP5.7 - Why I don’t want a career in surgery? - Uncovering obstacles and investigating barriers among year 3 UK medical students: A thematic analysis

Abstract Aims Surgical training and placements can be stereotyped negatively by medical students. Our study aimed to identify barriers to pursuing a surgical career amongst UK year 3 medical students, to improve surgical educational policies. Methods An optional, anonymous, single-question, open-text survey was administered to 190, year 3 UK medical student, after they had completed an 11 week surgical clinical placement, comprising Breast, Emergency Department, Interventional Radiology, Orthopaedics, Peri-op anaesthetics, Plastics, Vascular, Upper/Lower GI and Urology. The specific question asked was, 'Would you contemplate pursuing a career in surgery?' Responses from students NOT considering a surgical career were analysed qualitatively using a thematic approach to identify perceived barriers to a surgical career. Results 102 responses were received of which 35 were not suitable for analysis. Of the remaining 67 students, 30 (44.8%) demonstrated a negative view towards a surgical career. Following thematic analysis four main themes were identified:Pre-existing interest in another specialty.Nature of surgical training (long duration, competitive, poor work-life balance).Stressful clinical workload, high emotional pressure and burnout.Negative, masculine culture within surgical teams. Positively, despite not planning to pursue surgery - some students reported surgery was not as intimidating as they had expected it to be and surgeons did not meet stereotypes they were expecting. Conclusions Medical students continue to comment on negative surgical working environment experiences. Our study highlights areas that high pressure surgical training placements, need to actively improve in order to ensure a positive working and teaching surgical environment for our future medical workforce.

SP8.4 - Retrospective comparison of core surgical trainee procedural experience gained in Scottish rural, general and tertiary hospitals

Abstract Introduction and Aims Core surgical trainees are placed across all hospital types in Scotland, including rural, general and tertiary hospitals. The extent and nature of the procedural experience gained in these different settings has not been previously compared in the Scottish context. Two recent studies concluded that trainees in rural hospitals have access to high case numbers across several surgical specialties. (1,2) The aim of this study is to compare the procedural experiences obtained by core surgical trainees in Scotland, across 3 different settings: in rural, district and tertiary hospitals. Methods Core surgical trainees who undertook training in Scotland between August 2012 to 2022 were identified through digital records (eLogbook data). Operative experiences in 6-month core surgical placements were compared between Rural General (R1), District General (A2, A3) and university/tertiary including children (A1, A4) Hospitals. Results After data cleaning, 241 trainees’ data were available for analysis. The mean number of procedures completed by trainees in a standard 6-month placement was 112 in R1 hospitals, 169 and 94 in A2 and A3 hospitals respectively and 140 and 116 in A1 and A4 hospitals respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between hospital settings (p = 0.072). Conclusion Core surgical trainees have equivalent access to surgical caseloads across all hospital settings in Scotland.

ThP3.14 - Four-Year Experience of Laparoscopic Transcystic common bile duct exploration at a District Hospital

Abstract Aim This study aims to assess the outcomes of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration (LCBDE) as a single-stage procedure for symptomatic choledocholithiasis. Methods In this retrospective analysis we included 87 patients with high suspicion of common bile duct (CBD) stones, imaging proven choledocholithiasis or failed Endoscopic Retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). These patients underwent either LCBDE or CBD exploration under fluoroscopy between 2019 and 2023. Results Among the 87 patients selected for a single stage procedure, 59 underwent Laparoscopic transcystic CBDE. Successful CBDE was achieved in 40 cases (68%), with four patients after failed ERCP. In one case on table ERCP with rendez-vous technique was used to complete CBD clearance. Two of them needed complementary post operative ERCP to remove impacted stones. Most cases with unsuccessful CBDE, 19 in total (32%), was due to difficult cannulation of a narrow cystic duct. Three were managed with on table ERCP and five had post-operative ERCP. Six patients (7%) experienced unplanned readmissions, three with retained stones post-successful stone clearance and two after clear on table cholangiogram, who were managed with ERCP. Bile leak occurred in two cases and it was self-limited within 14 days. The mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 5,3 days with a median LOS of 4 days. Conclusion Transcystic LCBDE, when surgical expertise and experience are available, is an effective and safe procedure for treating choledocholithiasis, providing comprehensive CBD clearance while avoiding the risks associated with ERCP.

FP6.6 - Diagnosing the improvements required for enhancing the medical student ward round bedside teaching experience utilising a cohort of surgical teaching fellows

Abstract Aim After previously having mixed student feedback as a learning experience, our UK medical school have embedded a cohort of dedicated surgical teaching fellows into acute surgical ward rounds. Since this has happened, we aimed to further improve traditional Surgical Ward Round Bedside Teaching methods. Method Post event, retrospective, optional questionnaire formed of 5 Questions evaluated by a Likert scale and 2 open ended Questions. Presented to year 3, UK undergraduate medical students. Results 20 complete responses received. The majority of students strongly agreed that Surgical Ward Round Bedside Teaching sessions with dedicated fellows present were effective in enhancing clinical knowledge and skills. 90% strongly agreed that teaching fellows were engaging and approachable during Surgical Ward Round Bedside Teaching. Also 90% strongly agreed that they felt comfortable asking questions and seeking clarification during Surgical Ward Round Bedside Teaching sessions. However, only 60% strongly agreed that Surgical Ward Round Bedside Teaching sessions were well-organized and focused on relevant surgical/clinical cases. When asked ‘How could the bedside/Ward Round teaching sessions be improved?’ – Responses revolved around suggesting teaching in smaller groups, reminding wards/departments to expect students/clinical fellows, providing online resources or hand-outs before teaching, identifying teaching session objectives, and spend more time on history taking and examination sessions Conclusions The introduction of surgical teaching fellows has had a positive impact on the student Surgical Ward Round Bedside Teaching experience. There is still room for future refinement however and further enhancement strategies are in progress.

WP6.17 - Assessing the value of a general surgical handbook to improve confidence levels in foundation year one doctors

Abstract Aims Evaluate the surgical handbook with former foundation year one (FY1) doctors in general surgery. Identify areas where further support could be given to improve confidence levels. Methods FY1 doctors from August 2022 – July 2023 who rotated through general surgery were invited to evaluate the guide in January 2024. Twenty questions used Likert scales (1 to 5: not at all confident to very confident; not useful to very useful) to assess the management of the general surgical patient having read the guide. Four questions assessed the overall value of the guide and a further four questions focused on how to improve the guide; including, individual sections needing further development. Data was initially inputted using Google Docs and analysed in Microsoft Excel. Results 32% (10/31) completed the survey. 100% (10/10) found the guide helpful and felt it would enhance their general surgical experience. 90% (9/10) felt the guide would have a positive effect on their morale through their rotation. Modal scores ranged from four to five for how confident FY1 doctors are in managing different aspects of general surgery having read the guide. Overall, the guide was seen as very useful. Areas where the guide could be improved include; post bariatric surgery, post-surgery nutrition and pancreatitis. Conclusions Evaluation of the surgical guide was very positive. This guide could be used to help enhance the general surgical rotation of FY1 doctors.

SP6.9 - Assessing European Pancreas Transplant Practices to Optimize Patient Outcomes

Abstract Purpose Practise variability exists in pancreas transplantation, but the extent across the EU is unknown. We surveyed pancreas transplant surgeons to assess current practices. Methods A 40-question survey was sent to 84 surgeons at 17 centres in 8 EU countries. Validity and reliability were analysed. Variability was evaluated using descriptive statistics and random effects modelling. Results The response rate was 92% (78/84). The survey demonstrated good validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha 0.82). Substantial variability existed in donor selection criteria such as acceptable BMI (range &amp;lt;10 to 35) and age (&amp;lt;30 to &amp;gt;60 years). Back-bench preparation also varied, including arterial reconstruction (52% continuous vs. 48% interrupted sutures) and duodenal closure (66% always buried staple line, 34% not). Systemic portal venous drainage was most common (70%), but 22% used portal drainage. Post-operative anticoagulation varied from 1 week to 3 months in duration. Random effects modelling found significant variability attributable to individual surgeons, centres, and case factors. Conclusions This rigorous survey identified modifiable targets to improve the quality and consistency of pancreas transplantation across the EU. Standardised best practise guidelines should focus on reducing variability in donor selection, back-bench preparation, surgical techniques, and post-operative management. Volume of Pancreas Transplants Performed Annually per CenterNumber of Transplants PerformedRespondents, n (%)&amp;lt;1036 (46%)11-2016 (21%)21-4013 (17%)41-608 (10%)605 (6%) Surgical Experience of RespondentsNumber of PancreasTransplants Performed AnnuallyRespondents, n (%)&amp;lt;24 (5%)2-528 (36%)6-817 (22%)8-129 (12%)1520 (26%)

Experiences and Outcomes of the Society of Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgeons Fellowship Training: Growth in Fellowships Mirrors the Evolution of the Discipline

ObjectiveTo describe experiences and outcomes of the Society of Genitourinary Reconstructive Surgeons (GURS) fellowship match. In 2012, GURS developed a centralized fellowship match which has grown from 13 to 30 programs. MethodsGURS match statistics and case logs were reviewed from 2013-2024. Additionally, a 37 question survey evaluating satisfaction, procedural competency, fellowship experience, and employment opportunities were sent to graduates. Linear regression was performed to examine trends over time. ResultsOver the study period, program match success remained stable (94.7%;p=0.50) while applicant success (63.3%) increased over time (p=0.04). North American and female applicants experienced higher match success (72.8% and 73.6%) compared to their international (35.5%;p<0.0001) and male counterparts (60.0%;p=0.02). On case log analysis, mean surgical volumes per year increased in urethral reconstruction (mean=88.1;p=0.02), male sexual health (n=32.7;p=0.03), genital reconstruction (mean=16.4;p<0.01) and abdominal reconstruction (mean=24.5;p=0.03). Male incontinence surgeries remained stable (mean=30.5;p=0.21) while female reconstruction declined (mean=23.2;p=0.01). With a survey response rate of 54.5% (97/178), training satisfaction was 95.9% which did not differ by gender (p=0.54) or year of training (p=0.22). 97.9% felt competent to enter unsupervised reconstructive practice, 94.8% reported an understanding of the relevant literature and 96.9% were satisfied with their job as a reconstructive urologist. 49.5% identified a different case mix in practice compared to fellowship, most commonly related to abdominal (44.9%) or genital reconstruction (16.3%). ConclusionGURS fellowships have grown organically over the last decade and mirror the growth and evolution of the discipline with sustained high-levels of graduate satisfaction, surgical experience, competence, scholarly inquiry and employment.

Surgical experience in adults with Ebstein's anomaly: Long-term results.

The aim of this study was to review late results of the surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly with reconstruction and replacement in adults. Medical records of 28 consecutive patients operated on between 1991 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Surgical repair was performed in 19 (67.9%) patients (Hardy: two, Danielson: three, modified Danielson: six, Carpentier: three, Kay annuloplasty reinforced with ring: two), whereas tricuspid valve replacement was performed in nine patients (32.1%). Primary long-term outcomes consisted of right ventricular function, survival and freedom from re-operation. We evaluated the additional impacts of residual tricuspid insufficiency and type of surgery on survival. In-hospital mortality rate was 7.1% (n = 2) due to low cardiac output status and sepsis. Patients showed a significant postoperative decrease in tricuspid regurgitation (p < 0.001), right atrial size (p < 0.001) and pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.002). The mean follow-up time was 140 ± 71.4 months, with a median of 126 months (105 - 192). Late mortality occurred in two patients and there was no significant difference in terms of survival based on residual tricuspid insufficiency (p = 0.57) and type of surgery (p = 0.094). Overall survival rates were 89.3, 85.4, 85.4 and 68.3% at five, 10, 15 and 20 years, respectively. Although complex leaflet reconstruction techniques have evolved to achieve a more physiological and durable repair, both approaches can be performed safely on specific patients and can be alternated, with acceptable rates of survival and re-operation.

Effect of non-invasive bilateral sphenopalatine ganglion block on postoperative pain in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery: a randomized controlled study.

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of preoperative sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) on postoperative pain and assess intraoperative and postoperative analgesic consumption in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty. In this prospective, randomized controlled study, 72 patients were included and divided into two groups: group 1 (36 patients) received the sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB), while group 2 (36 patients) served as the control group. Patient assessments, using the numerical rating scale (NRS), were conducted at the postoperative first hour, fourth hour, and 24th hour. Additionally, intraoperative hemodynamics, analgesic requirements, and postoperative analgesic requirements were documented. The patients in group 1 exhibited significantly lower NRS scores at postoperative first, fourth, and 24th hour than those in group 2 (P<0.001 for all three time points). Additionally, the mean Riker Sedation-Agitation Scale (RSAS) scores were significantly lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P=0.006). Both intraoperative remifentanil use and postoperative analgesic consumption were significantly higher in patients in group 2 (P<0.001 and 0.004, respectively) than those in group 1. Analysis of intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) revealed that patients in group 1 had lower postoperative heart rates (P=0.040) than those in group 2, and MAP values after intraoperative block, at 30 min, and postoperatively were significantly lower (P=0.005, P=0.001, and P=0.034, respectively) than those in group 2. We advocate for the adoption of the noninvasive SPGB method in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery. This approach significantly reduces the need for intraoperative analgesics, alleviates postoperative pain, and reduces the demand for postoperative analgesics. Moreover, it improves the overall surgical experience because of its ease of application, contributing to a more comfortable surgical process.

YouTube Videos Provide Low-Quality Educational Content About the Anterolateral Ligament of the Knee

PurposeThe purpose of the current study is to evaluate the reliability and quality of the educational content of YouTube videos about anterolateral ligament (ALL). MethodsA standard search was performed on the YouTube database. All English-language videos were included for analysis. Video reliability was assessed with the use of the DISCERN tool, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Data regarding the duration of the videos, the date of publication, and the number of likes and views were collected. Furthermore, videos were categorized based on video source (health professionals, company, private user), the type of information (surgical technique, overview, anatomy, radiology and patient experience) and video content (education, patient experience/testimony). ResultsA total of 94 videos were included in the analysis. Eighty-eight (93.6%) videos were published by health professionals, while 4 (4.3%) were published by companies and 2 (2.1%) were published by private users. Most of the videos were about surgical technique (57.4%), and almost all the videos (98.9%) had an educational aim except one that reported a patient experience (1.1%). The mean length of the videos was 648.4±973.5 seconds, and the mean online period was 34.5±27.0 months. The mean DISCERN score, JAMA score and GQS were 32.9±15.9, 1.5±0.9 and 2.3±1.0, respectively. Videos that provided an overview of the ALL were the best in terms of all quality scores and were significantly higher quality than videos about surgical technique and anatomy, radiology and patient experience for all the scores (p<0.001). No difference was found between surgical technique and anatomy, radiology and patient experience (DISCERN score p>0.99; JAMA score: p=0.839; GQS: p>0.99). ConclusionsThe educational content of YouTube videos about the anterolateral ligament of the knee showed low quality and validity based on the DISCERN, JAMA and GQS scores.

Hysterectomy Rate Following Endometrial Ablation in Ontario: A Cohort Analysis of 76,446 Patients

Background: Endometrial Ablation (EA) is an alternative to hysterectomy for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB); however, it does not eliminate the need for future surgical re-intervention. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to establish long-term clinical outcomes including the risk of hysterectomy in women who had undergone a primary EA. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study utilising administrative data from the Canadian province of Ontario. This study assesses patients undergoing surgery in a publicly funded health care system. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed women in Ontario undergoing a primary EA over a 15-year period. The primary outcome was hysterectomy within 5 years of primary EA. Secondary outcomes included myomectomy and repeat EA. All outcomes were also reported for 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up. Logistic regression was used to establish predictors of hysterectomy within 5 years of primary EA. Results: A total of 76,446 primary EAs were evaluated from 2002-2017, with 16,480 (21.56%) undergoing a subsequent surgical intervention. The average age of primary EA was 43.8 (+/- 6.3) years. Within 5 years, the evaluable cohort was 52,464, with 8,635 (16.46%) of women having proceeded to hysterectomy, 664 (1.27%) to myomectomy, and 2,468 (2.8%) to repeat ablation. By 15-years follow-up, the evaluable cohort was 1,788, with 28.75% had undergone a hysterectomy, 2.01% a myomectomy, and 5.20% a repeat EA. On logistic regression analysis, advancing age at time of EA was associated with significantly decreased odds of hysterectomy (OR=0.94, 95% CI 0.935-0.944, p&lt;.0001) as was increasing surgical experience (OR=0.997, 95% CI 0.994-1.000, p=.022). Conversely, complex diagnosis (OR=1.102, 95% CI 1.042-1.164, p&lt;.0001) and previous abdominal surgery (OR=1.288, 95% CI 1.222-1.357, p&lt;0.0001) were associated with increased risk of subsequent hysterectomy. Conclusion: Primary EA is associated with a high risk of progression to subsequent hysterectomy or other surgical intervention, without evidence of plateau of risk with long term follow-up. What is new? This study has the longest follow-up assessing hysterectomy outcomes in women undergoing a primary EA, with 28.75% of women having undergone a hysterectomy within 15 years of their EA.

To introduce a new method of resection of carotid body tumor with preservation of the internal carotid artery ----microscopic coagulation method

Objective:To introduce the surgical experience of carotid body tumor（CBT） resection with preservation of internal carotid artery. Methods:The clinical data of 109 patients with CBT were retrospectively analyzed. The key points of surgical techniques were summarized, the imaging and pathological results were comprehensively analyzed, and the postoperative complications were observed. Results:Of the 109 patients, 28 were Shamblin Ⅰ, 46 were Shamblin Ⅱ, and 35 were Shamblin Ⅲ. Synaptophysin（SYN） and soluble protein-100（S-100） were positive in all cases. There was a positive correlation between the average expression area percentage of S-100 and SYN in pathological tissue of 17 patients（r=0.48）, and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The average operation time was（148.4±46.2） minutes, the average intraoperative blood loss was（64.7±22.8） mL, and the average hospital stay was（15.2±2.6） days. Three patients underwent tumor resection combined with external carotid artery ligation, 1 patient underwent tumor resection combined with internal carotid artery ligation, and the remaining patients underwent tumor resection alone. The overall rate of intraoperative vascular ligation was 3.7% and the rate of nerve injury was 6.4%. According to preoperative CTA, intraoperative situation and postoperative pathological results, a new classification of CBT was proposed, which could intuitively reflect the gap between the tumor and the carotid artery and the nature of the tumor. Conclusion:Surgical resection of CBT is recommended after diagnosis. The potential gap between the tumor and the blood vessels was found under the microscope. Low energy bipolar electrocoagulation was used to coagulate and cut off the fibrous connective tissue between the tumor and gradually separated along the adventitia of the artery. The carotid artery could be preserved in most cases while the tumor was completely removed, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding and the incidence of complications were reduced. It is particularly important to identify the difficult cases before operation.

An 11-year multicentric surgical experience on pediatric orbital floor trapdoor fracture: A World Oral Maxillofacial Trauma (WORMAT) project

IntroductionTrapdoor fractures of the orbital floor occur almost exclusively in the paediatric population. Despite being widely discussed in the literature, their management remains controversial. The objective of this retrospective study was to analyse the surgical experiences on paediatric trapdoor fractures in the maxillofacial centres participating in the WORMAT project. Materials and methods14 centres collected data for patients aged ≤16 years operated between January 2011 and December 2022. The demographic, cause and type of fracture, timing from injury to surgery, surgical approach, type of floor repair and outcomes were recorded. Diplopia, surgical wound infection, hardware loosening and dysesthesia in the infraorbital nerve area were recorded at follow-up. Results43 patients were included: 25 children (0–12 y) and 18 adolescents (13–16 y) (mean age, 11.1 years). Surgical treatment was performed within 24 h in 51 % of the patients, within 24–72 h in 33 %, and beyond 72 h in the remaining. The orbital floor was repaired with a resorbable implant/membrane in 63 % of the patients, open reduction without an implant in 30 %, a titanium mesh implant in 3 adolescent patients. At follow-up (mean 16.3 months), 14 patients had residual diplopia in the upper fields, only two of these resolved within 6 months. DiscussionA tendency toward an increased incidence of postoperative diplopia with longer intervals between trauma and surgery was observed. This study showed different choices regarding the material placed on the floor, with a preference for open reduction without implants in children, compared to the use of resorbable implants or membranes in adolescents.

362.8: Robotic assisted kidney transplantation: An analysis of early surgical experience.

362.8: Robotic assisted kidney transplantation: An analysis of early surgical experience.

Hysterectomy Rate Following Endometrial Ablation in Ontario: A Cohort Analysis of 76,446 Patients

Background: Endometrial Ablation (EA) is an alternative to hysterectomy for the management of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB); however, it does not eliminate the need for future surgical re-intervention. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to establish long-term clinical outcomes including the risk of hysterectomy in women who had undergone a primary EA. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study utilising administrative data from the Canadian province of Ontario. This study assesses patients undergoing surgery in a publicly funded health care system. Main Outcome Measures: We assessed women in Ontario undergoing a primary EA over a 15-year period. The primary outcome was hysterectomy within 5 years of primary EA. Secondary outcomes included myomectomy and repeat EA. All outcomes were also reported for 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up. Logistic regression was used to establish predictors of hysterectomy within 5 years of primary EA. Results: A total of 76,446 primary EAs were evaluated from 2002-2017, with 16,480 (21.56%) undergoing a subsequent surgical intervention. The average age of primary EA was 43.8 (+/- 6.3) years. Within 5 years, the evaluable cohort was 52,464, with 8,635 (16.46%) of women having proceeded to hysterectomy, 664 (1.27%) to myomectomy, and 2,468 (2.8%) to repeat ablation. By 15-years follow-up, the evaluable cohort was 1,788, with 28.75% had undergone a hysterectomy, 2.01% a myomectomy, and 5.20% a repeat EA. On logistic regression analysis, advancing age at time of EA was associated with significantly decreased odds of hysterectomy (OR=0.94, 95% CI 0.935-0.944, p&lt;.0001) as was increasing surgical experience (OR=0.997, 95% CI 0.994-1.000, p=.022). Conversely, complex diagnosis (OR=1.102, 95% CI 1.042-1.164, p&lt;.0001) and previous abdominal surgery (OR=1.288, 95% CI 1.222-1.357, p&lt;0.0001) were associated with increased risk of subsequent hysterectomy. Conclusion: Primary EA is associated with a high risk of progression to subsequent hysterectomy or other surgical intervention, without evidence of plateau of risk with long term follow-up. What is new? This study has the longest follow-up assessing hysterectomy outcomes in women undergoing a primary EA, with 28.75% of women having undergone a hysterectomy within 15 years of their EA.

Deep learning‐based gesture recognition for surgical applications: A data augmentation approach

AbstractHand gesture recognition and classification play a pivotal role in automating Human‐Computer Interaction (HCI) and have garnered substantial attention in research. In this study, the focus is placed on the application of gesture recognition in surgical settings to provide valuable feedback during medical training. A tool gesture classification system based on Deep Learning (DL) techniques is proposed, specifically employing a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)‐based model with an attention mechanism. The research is structured in three key stages: data pre‐processing to eliminate outliers and smooth trajectories, addressing noise from surgical instrument data acquisition; data augmentation to overcome data scarcity by generating new trajectories through controlled spatial transformations; and the implementation and evaluation of the DL‐based classification strategy. The dataset used includes recordings from ten participants with varying surgical experience, covering three types of trajectories and involving both right and left arms. The proposed classifier, combined with the data augmentation strategy, is assessed for its effectiveness in classifying all acquired gestures. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated against other DL‐based methodologies commonly employed in surgical gesture classification. The results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms these benchmark methods, achieving higher classification accuracy and robustness in distinguishing diverse surgical gestures.

Under recognized yet a clinically relevant impact of aneurysm location in Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery (DACA) aneurysms: insights from a contemporary surgical experience.

Aneurysms of the distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) are rare but surgically challenging. Despite a known therapeutic implication of the aneurysm location on the DACA territory, the literature is unclear about its clinical and prognostic significance. Our surgical experience over the last 5 years was reviewed to compare the clinical, operative, and outcome characteristics between aneurysms located below the mid portion of the genu of the corpus callosum (called proximal aneurysms) to those distal to this point (called distal aneurysms). A prognostic factor analysis was done using uni and multivariable analysis. A total of 34 patients were treated (M: F = 1:2.3). The distal group had a higher frequency of poor clinical grade at presentation (n = 9, 47.4%) in contrast to (n = 2, 13.3%) proximal aneurysms (p = 0.039). Despite an overall tendency for a delayed functional improvement in these patients, the results were mainly due to favorable outcomes in the proximal group (favourable functional outcomes at discharge and at last follow-up being 80% and 86.7% respectively). On the multivariable analysis, only WFNS grade (> 2) at presentation (OR = 13.75; 95CI = 1.2-157.7) (p = 0.035) and application of temporary clips (AOR = 34.32; 95CI = 2.59-454.1) (p = 0.007), both of which were more in the distal group, independently predicted a poor long term functional outcome. Thus, the aneurysm location impacts the preoperative clinical grade, the intraoperative aneurysm rupture risk rate as well as the temporary clipping requirement. A combination of these factors leads to worse short and long-term functional outcomes in the distal DACA aneurysms.

Quality ofIntegration ofAir Force Trauma Surgeons Within the Center forSustainment ofTrauma andReadiness Skills, Cincinnati: A Pilot Study.

While previous studies have analyzed military surgeon experience within military-civilian partnerships (MCPs), there has never been an assessment of how well military providers are integrated within an MCP. The Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati supports the Critical Care Air Transport Advanced Course and maintains the clinical skills of its staff by embedding them within the University of Cincinnati Medical Center. We hypothesized that military trauma surgeons are well integrated within University of Cincinnati Medical Center and that they are exposed to a similar range of complex surgical pathophysiology as their civilian partners. After Institutional Review Board approval, Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were abstracted from billing data for trauma surgeons covering University of Cincinnati Hospitals in 2019. The number of trauma resuscitations and patient acuity metrics were abstracted from the Trauma Registry and surgeon Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities clinical activity (KSA-CA) scores were calculated using their CPT codes. Finally, surgeon case distributions were studied by sorting their CPT codes into 23 categories based on procedure type and anatomic location. Appropriate, chi-squared or Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to compare these metrics between the military and civilian surgeon groups and the metrics were normalized by the group's full-time equivalent (FTE) to adjust for varying weeks on service between groups. Data were available for two active duty military and nine civilian staff. The FTEs were significantly lower in the military group: military 0.583-0.583 (median 0.583) vs. civilian 0.625-1.165 (median 1.0), P = 0.04. Per median FTE and surgeon number, both groups performed a similar number of trauma resuscitations (civilian 214 ± 54 vs. military 280 ± 13, P = 0.146) and KSA-CA points (civilian 55,629 ± 25,104 vs. military 36,286 ± 11,267; P = 0.582). Although the civilian surgeons had a higher proportion of hernia repairs (P < 0.001) and laparoscopic procedures (P = 0.006), the CPT code categories most relevant to combat surgery (those relating to solid organ, hollow viscus, cardiac, thoracic, abdominal, and tissue debridement procedures) were similar between the surgeon groups. Finally, patient acuity metrics were similar between groups. This is the first assessment of U.S. Air Force trauma surgeon integration relative to their civilian partners within an MCP. Normalized by FTE, there was no difference between the two groups' trauma experience to include patient acuity metrics and KSA-CA scores. The proportion of CPT codes that was most relevant to expeditionary surgery was similar between the military and civilian partners, thus optimizing the surgical experience for the military trauma surgeons within University of Cincinnati Medical Center. The methods used within this pilot study can be generalized to any American College of Surgeons verified Trauma Center MCP, as standard databases were used.

Unveiling the Lasting Impact: A 15-Year Follow-Up of Short-Term Surgical Mission Experiences

IntroductionResident interest in global surgery has increased over recent years. Incorporating short-term surgical missions (STSMs) into training improves Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competencies and aids in understanding of global health infrastructure. We aim to investigate the impact of STSM participation during residency on the desire for participation after residency, and barriers in doing so. MethodsEighteen general surgery residents who participated in STSM with the International Surgical Health Initiative from 2009 to 2017 were surveyed. An 18-question survey encompassing demographics, mission-specific data, ACGME competencies, current perspectives, barriers, and areas for improvement was distributed. ResultsThe group averaged 5.4 y out of residency and 89% (n = 16) completed the survey. Mean age was 38.5 y with a female predominance (62.5%). During residency, 10 (62.5%) participated in ≥ two STSMs and six (37.5%) participated in one STSM. On average, each resident performed 24 cases per mission. All reported that after their resident STSM experience, they were more inclined to participate as an attending. Twenty-five percent (n = 4) participated in STSMs after residency. Vacation, scheduling, and family factors were ranked the highest barriers. All ACGME competencies were felt to be significantly improved by STSMs. ConclusionsThis is the first long-term follow-up study of general surgery residents who participated in STSMs confirming that resident involvement increases desire for continued participation. Although 100% of residents wanted to participate as attendings, only 25% were successful in doing so. While operative experience is salient in surgical residency, there are other valuable experiences to be gained. Further work should focus on enhancing experiences and mitigation of barriers to continued participation in global humanitarian initiatives.