Current Surge Research Articles

Advanced transient switching and coordinated power control strategies for flexible interconnection of multiple microgrids

Multiple microgrid (MG) distribution systems are facing challenges owing to variations in the operational statuses of the individual MGs, which experience voltage and current fluctuations during transient interconnections. The impedances of the interconnecting lines further exacerbate the unevenness of power distribution among the MGs, hence threatening the operational stability of the system. To achieve flexible and seamless interconnections between multiple MGs, we fully analyzed the interconnected structures and operation modes of the MGs; then, we designed a transient switching control method based on investigation of the transient interconnection processes to ensure smooth transition of the MGs. Additionally, to balance the power distribution among the interconnected MGs, a voltage–current-based coordinated power control strategy was synthesized using advanced synchronized fixed-frequency technology. Simulation case studies were conducted, and the results indicate that the proposed coordinated power control scheme effectively facilitated instantaneous interconnections between the isolated regions, thereby avoiding voltage disturbances and current surges. Furthermore, it efficiently equalized and distributed the output power from the distributed energy sources, thereby enhancing the operational flexibilities and stabilities of the MGs and distribution system.

Discerning TGF and Leader Current Pulse in ASIM Observation

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flash (TGF) observations made by the Atmosphere‐Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) have demonstrated that these TGFs are accompanied by a prominent optical pulse from a hot leader channel. It is hard to confidently resolve the true sequence of the events in the source region due to temporal proximity of the involved processes. Here we report a bright long duration TGF together with its associated optical recordings showing clear temporal separation between the TGF and the optical pulse. In this observation the optical pulse is clearly distinct and subsequent relative to the TGF. The corresponding lightning discharge occurred at the very end of the TGF. We conclude that the current surge inside the lightning leader channel cannot be responsible for generation of this TGF. The current surge that produced the associated optical pulse can itself be conditioned by the TGF and may be responsible for the TGF termination.

Estimating the True Effect of Lifestyle Risk Factors for Myopia: A Longitudinal Study of UK Children.

Lifestyle risk factors are implicated in driving the current surge in myopia prevalence yet, paradoxically, known risk factors explain little of the variation in refractive error in the population. Here, we applied "instrumental variable" (IV) methods designed to avoid reverse causation and decrease confounding bias, to gauge lifestyle risk factor effect sizes. Three myopia risk factors (time outdoors, time reading, and sleep duration) were assessed in participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: a cross-sectional sample of 2302 children aged 15years old and a longitudinal sample of 3086 children followed from age 7 to 15years. Seven IVs were considered jointly: dog ownership, cat ownership, bedtime variability, birth order, and polygenic scores quantifying genetic predisposition to spend additional time outdoors, years in fulltime education, and time asleep overnight. Risk factor effect sizes were 4-fold to 9-fold higher in the IV analyses compared with conventional regression analyses. In IV analyses, one extra hour spent outdoors every day during childhood was associated with a shift toward hyperopia of +0.53 to +0.94 diopters (D), whereas 1 extra hour spent reading every day was associated with a shift toward myopia of -0.44 to -0.88 D. There was inconsistent evidence that sleep duration influenced refractive error. Myopia risk factor effects were underestimated up to 9-fold in conventional analyses in this sample, compared with IV analyses. We speculate that the effects of lifestyle risk factors for myopia have been underestimated in past studies.

The supply chain capitalism of AI: a call to (re)think algorithmic harms and resistance through environmental lens

ABSTRACT Artificial Intelligence (AI) is woven into a supply chain of capital, commodities and human labour that has been neglected in critical debates. Given the current surge in generative AI – which is estimated to drive up the extraction of natural resources such as minerals, fossil fuels or water – it is vital to investigate its entire production line from a critical infrastructural perspective. Drawing on the supply chain capitalism, a concept coined by Anna L. Tsing in 2009, this paper contributes to critical AI studies by investigating the structure of AI supply chains, taking into account the mining, electronics, digital and e-waste industry. This paper illustrates how the supply chain capitalism of AI is precipitating geographical asymmetries connected to contested struggles in México by focusing on a key element of these chains: data centres. In times of climate emergency, this paper calls to reconsider algorithmic harms and resistance by investigating the entire capitalist production line of the AI industry from critical and environmental lens.

XBB.1.5-Adapted COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines but Not Infections With Previous Omicron Variants Boost Neutralisation Against the SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Variant in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines are recommended for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, many patients rely on pre-existing immunity by original vaccines or prior infections. To assess whether such immunity sufficiently combats the highly immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 variant. Utilising two longitudinal cohorts, we evaluated immunity against JN.1 induced by original vaccines (IBD: n = 98; healthy: n = 48), omicron breakthrough infection (IBD: n = 55; healthy: n = 57) or XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines (IBD: n = 18). Neutralisation and anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG levels against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and JN.1 were assessed using multiplex immunoassays. Study outcomes were wild-type and JN.1 neutralisation following three doses of original mRNA vaccines, stratified by immunosuppressive therapy (primary outcome), and JN.1 neutralisation following third-dose breakthrough infection or a fourth dose of XBB.1.5-adapted mRNA vaccines (secondary outcomes). Following original vaccines, JN.1 neutralisation was lower than wild-type neutralisation in all study groups (healthy, anti-TNF and non-anti-TNF; each p < 0.001); most individuals lacked JN.1 neutralisation (healthy: 97.9%; anti-TNF: 98.3% and non-anti-TNF: 92.3%). Confounder-adjusted multivariable modelling strongly associated anti-TNF therapy with low levels of anti-JN.1-RBD IgG (fold-change 0.48 [95% CI 0.39-0.59]). JN.1 neutralisation was similar in patients with or without breakthrough infection (anti-TNF, non-anti-TNF; each p > 0.05); neutralisation failure was 100% despite breakthrough infection. XBB.1.5-adapted vaccines enhanced JN.1 neutralisation (p < 0.001) and reduced neutralisation failure rates in patients with IBD (94.4% pre-vaccination vs. 44.4% post-vaccination; p = 0.003). Only variant-adapted vaccines protect against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Patients with IBD and healthy individuals without recent vaccination may lack protection against the JN.1 subvariant KP.3 which causes current COVID-19 surges.

The Identification of Microstructural Changes in High-Temperature Superconducting Tapes for Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

HTS 2G tapes used in Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCLs) have properties that allow for the effective limitation of short-circuit currents; however, due to the specificity of the device operation, they should be characterized by the high stability of the parameters when repeatedly leaving the superconducting state. During the operation of SFCLs, a situation may occur in which the parameters of the HTS tapes used will change several times as a result of the action of short-circuit currents that exceed the critical current IC of the superconductor of the tape used. This paper presents the results of microstructural tests of 2G HTS tapes intended for SFCLs, subjected to surge currents corresponding to prospective short-circuit currents with values higher than their critical currents IC and for which IC changes were observed. The HTS tapes were examined using a JEOL 7600F field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), and their chemical composition was analyzed using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The test results indicate the possibility of micro-damage in the form of cracks in the superconductor layer, as well as the interruption of the buffer layers and the oxidation of the silver layers. The analysis of the chemical composition of the HTS tape layers may indicate the occurrence of diffusion processes.

Transient induced response on cables by lightning electromagnetic pulse with different experimental conditions

The coupling of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) on cables can generate disruptive surge current and voltage, which may cause damage to devices or systems connected with cables. In this paper, a double toroidal magnetic field, through injection of an 8/20 μs lightning current into a double toroidal coil, is generated to induce indirect effects on nine communication/electrical cables. The impacts of different types and shielding methods of communication cables on induced surge current are evaluated, and the results show that twisted-pair cables with shielding layer have the best shielding effectiveness, with the ability to absorb more energy on the communication cables from LEMP. In addition, the study's findings demonstrate that the induction properties of cables are independent of the number of cores, but related to the shielding layer of cables. Meanwhile, simulation analysis in CST Studio Suite is carried out here, and results are basically similar to experimental results, with the difference attributed to the ignorance of some losses in the simulation environment. Finally, the magnetic field strength at each point of the LEMP is simulated, with some engineering proposals for the actual and simulated experiments.

Echo of extinction: The Ivory-billed Woodpecker's tragic legacy and its impact on scientific integrity

Abstract Among the current surge in extinction rates, exceeding between 100 and 1000 times the prehuman background rate, a multitude of species quietly fade away, largely escaping the notice of our collective awareness. The extinction of only a select few species has the power to captivate public attention, stir emotions, and ignite debates comparable to the case of the ivory-billed woodpecker (Campephilus principalis). Reports purporting a rediscovery of this long-extinct species periodically surface and find their way into peer-reviewed journals, attracting worldwide attention from the public media. This phenomenon persists despite a glaring lack of evidence supporting such an exceptional claim, in disconnect with principles of population biology or even common sense, thereby risking erosion of public trust in the foundations of nature conservancy and the integrity of scientific methodologies in general. The tragic fate of this iconic species therefore holds significance beyond ecology, providing deep insights into extinction and conservation while highlighting the need for refinement of scientific rigor and standards of evidence in the peer review process and beyond.

Effect of additive particle size on degradation behavior of ZnO varistors under high current surges

Effect of additive particle size on degradation behavior of ZnO varistors under high current surges

Pengaruh Ukuran Kawat dan Jarak Alur Stator Terhadap Nilai Arus Starting Motor Induksi 3 Fasa

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The use of electric motors in industry often experiences damage caused by several things, including high &lt;em&gt;starting&lt;/em&gt; current surges, overload or full load, loss of one phase in the electric motor, and other causes of damage to the 3-phase motor. The main problem that occurred in this research was damage caused by high &lt;em&gt;starting&lt;/em&gt; currents, where in the case study many 3-phase motors were used to drive factory machines. The use of 3-phase motors to drive factory machines is often damaged by unstable currents in the machines. This is because the time and workers for monitoring are very minimal and the materials for repairing machines are inadequate. In this way, the solution for repairing a 3-phase motor is to replace and rewind the damaged motor so that it can be used again. This research aims to find a solution on how to reduce high &lt;em&gt;starting&lt;/em&gt; currents in 3-phase motors by utilizing the influence of replacing damaged induction motor components as well as repair methods used in &lt;em&gt;starting&lt;/em&gt; when &lt;em&gt;rewinding&lt;/em&gt; 3-phase motors. The research results from the groove distance with a wire size of 0.90 mm showed that the groove distance of 9, 9, 8 was 29.3, and at a distance of 10, 10, 10 it had a current of 31 A with no-load testing and recommended groove distances of 10, 10, 10. Next, testing wire sizes of 0.75 mm and 0.90 mm with distances of 10, 10, 10, and 9, 9, 8 without load obtained 26.1 A and 27.4 A while 0.90 mm was 30, 7 A and 28, 1 A. The load was 43.5 A and 43.9 A, while 0.90 mm was 51.3 A and 49.3 A. From the test results, the largest current decrease was at a distance of 10, 10, 10 with a wire size of 0.75 mm. &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keyword - &lt;em&gt;3 Phase Induction Motor, Groove Spacing, Starting, Wire Size.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Surge current management in Dynamic Reverse Bias reliability testing of WBG devices for automotive application

Efficient management of high-magnitude current spikes during Dynamic Reverse Bias (DRB) reliability testing is critical for early detection of potential issues such as gate oxide degradation in wide bandgap (WBG) devices. This paper addresses the challenges of DRB testing, particularly focusing on current surges caused by rapid dv/dt switching events in WBG devices. Compliance with AQG-324 guidelines, which require a dv/dt of >50 kV/µs, often results in significant current surges due to parasitic capacitance. These surges can reach tens of amperes, leading to excessive self-heating and potentially damaging sensitive measurement circuitry. This study introduces an innovative method to filter out capacitive displacement current spikes without affecting leakage current, reducing surge intensity by over 100 times and enabling efficient DRB testing of up to 1.5 kV WBG devices. The validation process includes simulating a Wolfspeed Power Silicon Carbide (SiC) MOSFET model in LT-Spice and conducting hardware tests on three different 1.2 kV SiC devices from Wolfspeed, Infineon, and Rohm. An optimized PCB design was employed to minimize circuit parasitics, showing good alignment between simulation and hardware testing outcomes.

Investigating the principle and application of high-frequency and high-voltage pulse AC equipment for oil–water separation of heavy crude oil

To address the challenges of oil–water separation encountered during the processing of heavy crude oil, this study meticulously examines the kinetics of demulsification under an electric field. Consequently, a cutting-edge high-frequency/high-voltage AC pulsed power supply has been innovatively developed. This device boasts a flexible voltage-adjustment mechanism, strategically enhancing the inverter output voltage incrementally throughout the pulse’s duration. This method effectively reduces the negative impact of current surges on the operational stability of crude oil desalination plants, especially during the commutation periods of the switching devices. Furthermore, it resolves the issue of premature power supply shutdowns to the desalination plant, caused by peak currents misinterpreted as critical short-circuit currents leading to pole plate breakdowns. An industrial application study conducted at Shandong Chambroad Petrochemicals Co., Ltd. Under identical operational conditions, the power supply designed in this research outperforms traditional electrical desalting transformers in several key aspects. These include a notably enhanced oil–water separation capability and significantly more stable performance. Remarkably, the desalting efficiency shows substantial improvement even at increased feed rates, under constant other conditions. The experimental findings indicate that the average rates of desalination and dehydration achieved by this power supply exceed 90%. Moreover, even when the feed rate is augmented by approximately 75% under constant operating conditions, the desalination efficiency remains 78.49% higher than that achieved by standard industrial frequency electric desalination transformers. Additionally, the desalting outcomes are predominantly unaffected by fluctuations in the initial salt content of the feedstock, demonstrating the robustness of the developed solution.

The significant improvement of surge reliability for the SiC merged PiN Schottky diode (MPS) by forming a P+ zone on the P zone surface

Abstract Due to its great application prospect in new energy vehicles, the silicon carbide Schottky barrier diodes (SBD) are the most popular wide bandgap power devices. Compared to the JBS SiC diode, the induced large P zone improves the surge current, but the rating of the surge current does not satisfy the need. Recently, many efforts have been proposed to improve the surge current for the MPS diode, such as introducing surge trigger structure from the layout perspective, optimizing the design of the cell, and reducing the defect density to form ohmic contacts. However, these efforts bring about the sacrifice of switching characteristics, adding additional process steps, and increasing manufacturing instability. Here, we propose a new cell design whose Ohmic and Schottky contact are simultaneously formed using a one-step ohmic process. The results show that the MPS surge current is three times higher than the fabricated JBS diodes. The resolution of challenges can improve the reliability of the use of SiC SBD and accelerate their application in various fields.

Understanding copper corrosion in bentonite-enriched environments: Insights from the point defect model

The study simulated copper corrosion in a bentonite/groundwater solution, analyzing the kinetics of metal passivation through potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy experiments. Morphological characterization provided insights into corrosion development patterns, and the mechanisms by which bentonite affects copper corrosion were comprehensively elucidated based on the point defect model. The findings revealed that bentonite affects copper corrosion resistance through Donnan exclusion, cation adsorption, and hydrolysis salt effects. At lower potentials, bentonite aids in inhibiting anodic dissolution, reducing the polarization current by approximately 75 % under certain conditions. With increasing bentonite content, the induction time for stable pitting corrosion shortens significantly, down to 10 %, the current surge before breakdown intensifies, and the breakdown potential decreases. When the bentonite volume ratio exceeds 0.5/0.1, the breakdown potential of OFP-Cu/OF-Cu markedly decreases and stabilizes at 0.1/0 VSCE. The microscopic mechanism of pitting corrosion induced by bentonite hydrolysis salts was elucidated using the point defect model, calculating the polarizability of the passive layer/outer layer interface as α = 0.1. The reliability of the cation adsorption and adsorption-desorption mechanisms was confirmed through experimental data fitting, point defect model fitting, and theoretical analysis.

Ohmic Contact Resistance in SiC Diodes with Ti and NiSi P&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Contacts

Ohmic contacts play a major role in the signal transfer between the semiconductor device and the external circuitry. One of the main technological issues to develop high-performance SiC-based devices is the control of metal/SiC contact properties to fabricate low resistance and high stability SiC Ohmic contacts to p-type SiC. This is mostly due to intrinsic SiC characteristics like large work function, low dopant activation for p-type materials and low hole mobility. These limits are even more emphasized in SiC JBS or MPS diodes, where Schottky and Ohmic contacts on the P doped regions embedded in the active area to improve surge ruggedness are usually formed by using the same metallization process. This naturally results either in a high Schottky barrier height in the Schottky contact with consequent increase of the conduction loss at low currents or in a poorly conductive Ohmic contact, leading to reduced IFSM capability. Therefore, the optimization and control of the process parameters like for example the P+ doping concentration peak underneath the metallization layer and the annealing process temperatures is crucial to obtain a good Ohmic contact and enhance the device´s robustness against surge current.

Nickel foam-decorated hollow-Co3O4/GO nanocomposites: A highly sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor for glucose detection

Cobalt-based nanomaterials, characterized by multiple oxidation states and high stability in alkaline environments, have been found extensive applications in glucose detection. In this study, a cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67) was employed as a precursor, where Co2+ was coordinated with carboxyl groups of oxidized graphene oxide (GO), resulting in the formation of cobalt-based nanoparticles. The integration of Co2+ with GO established a novel cobalt-based nanomaterial with potential implications for glucose detection. At a calcination temperature of 260 °C, the calcination process extended for 4 h, fulfilling the synthesis of Hollow-Co3O4/GO nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were subsequently engaged as electrochemical electrodes for glucose detection through the impregnation method. The distinctive structure of Hollow-Co3O4/GO has spurred mutual promotion of the reoxidation reactions at the interface, culminating in a substantial augmentation of the specific surface area and a consequent considerable surge in the glucose oxidation current. In addition, due to the retention of the structure of MOFs, the pores can be used to adsorb glucose molecules, which is conducive to the accurate detection of the reaction. Under optimal conditions, the sensitivity of the Hollow-Co3O4/GO modified electrode hits 1582.7 μA mmol−1 cm−2, with a detection limit of 0.49 μmol/L (S/N = 3) and a response time of approximately 2 s. These achievements have emphasized the promising applicability of Hollow-Co3O4/GO nanocomposites as an active material for practical electrochemical biosensors.

The Emergence and Impact of the M1UK Lineage on Invasive Group A Streptococcus Disease in Aotearoa New Zealand.

M1UK is associated with current surges in invasive infection globally, partly due to increased production of superantigen streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A. We show that M1UK is now the dominant invasive emm1 lineage in Aotearoa New Zealand and is genomically related to community infections, suggesting that measures that effectively prevent group A Streptococcus pharyngitis in children could reduce invasive disease.

Non-Destructive Analysis of Pb-Acid Battery Positive Plates, Based on Neutron Tomography

Lead-acid batteries (LABs) are one of the first rechargeable batteries. Historically used for backup power during the early public electricity network, LABs now hold a global market share of approximately 50%, mainly in automotive applications and energy reserves for telecommunication and data networks. Their low energy density and high surge current make them suitable for high-current, in-time applications. The LAB electrochemical cell consists of PbO2 as the positive electrode, metallic Pb as the negative electrode, and H2SO4 as the electrolyte.The composition of the positive electrode active material (PAM) involves mixtures of α- and β-PbO2 and an amorphous gel phase of Pb(IV) oxy-hydroxides, determining the PAM's functional properties. The hydrated Pb(IV) oxy-hydroxide is the electrochemically active phase, conducting ions but not electrons. The mechanical consistency of the PAM relies on α-PbO2, acting as a structural binder, while β-PbO2 provides electronic conductivity. LAB performance is influenced by the proportions of α and β crystalline zones. Jointly, α - and β -PbO2 act as a Pb(IV) reservoir for reduction, occurring through the gel phase during discharge. Together, α- and β-PbO2 function as a reservoir for Pb(IV) reduction, a process that takes place through the gel phase during discharge in lead-acid batteries (LABs). These two crystalline phases, α- and β-PbO2, reform from the gel phase during charging, and their proportions depend on the specifics of the charging process and the material state. Consequently, the relative amounts and distribution of α and β crystalline zones play a crucial role in influencing the overall performance of LABs.In the present investigation, we propose, for the first time, an ex situ NT investigation of intact PPs, endeavouring to assess the internal structure of the PAM (pore formation) and spine/PAM decohesion of real battery electrodes – fabricated with two alternative metallurgical methods (punching P and gravity casting G) – subjected to harsh electrochemical testing conditions, representative of recharge abuse. Our study is complemented by X-ray radiography - aimed at pinpointing spine and PAM cracking – and cross-sectional SEM imaging aimed at disclosing details with spine/PAM interface: grid shape variation, corrosion depth, mode and mechanism, corrosion layer nature and thickness.The synergic effect of these measurments enable a complete understanding and tracking of the PPs degradation mechanism : (i) NT offered a 3D quantitative and qualitative assessment of PAM porosity ,spine/PAM decohesions, and highly attenuating regions. Aging led to pore growth, with G electrodes displaying more extensive cracking. Variations in porosity distribution between P and G electrodes is observed. Hydrogenated gel distribution differed between electrode types and with aging. (ii) XR provided a non-destructive grid-scale overview. P electrodes exhibited limited defects, while G electrodes showed extensive spine issues. Corrosion progression differed from local SEM observations (iii) in which corrosion is explored at the spine/PAM interface, revealing no clear correlation between current density and corrosion. Representative micrographs for P and G electrodes were shared.The combination of these technique enable a complete characterization of positive plate degradation,.The methodical use of NT holds the potential to establish a comprehensive morpho chemical knowledge base for comprehending the manufacturing and aging processes of lead-acid battery electrodes directly visualization of the 3D arrangement of the hydrogen-containing electroactive amorphous phase, is a crucial metric for assessing the state of health (SOH) that is typically challenging to access experimentally This approach, coupled with in operando capabilities, relies on the quantitative examination of functionally significant features and their changes throughout the aging process. Figure 1

Enhancing the charge transfer in triboelectric nanogenerator based on sulfonated poly ether ether ketone/carbon nanotubes proton exchange composite membrane

This study introduces an innovative type of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) that utilizes proton exchange membranes to significantly enhance the transfer of electric charge in a triboelectric layer. To achieve this, composite membranes were fabricated by applying a blade coating technique to a mixture of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK), serving as the critical triboelectric layer in the TENG device. These composite membranes exhibit an exceptional ability to attract water molecules through hydrogen bonding. Thanks to the high electro-positivity of these water molecules, they actively participate in the triboelectrification process, resulting in a substantial increase in charge transfer efficiency within the TENG device. As a result, when compared to the conventional dry-based SP (SPEEK)-TENG, the wet-based SP-TENG demonstrates an astonishing surge in output current, exceeding an 860-fold increase. Furthermore, a SPC (SPEEK/CNTs)-0.5-TENG cell device shows remarkable performance by generating a peak current of 0.91 mA and a power density of 0.39 W/m2. Impressively, four SPC-0.5-TENG cells can rapidly charge a 470 µF capacitor to 2.1 V within 28 seconds, making them a viable power source for a variety of portable electronic devices. This material displays substantial promise for applications in self-powered technologies, ultimately contributing to a reduced dependence on external power sources.

Critical analysis of non-price actions driving installation of biogas technology to upgrade existing buildings in Ghana: a demand theory approach

The gradual degradation of faeces and other organic materials through the process of fermentation results in the manufacture of biogas. Generally, as the cost of construction increases, the demand for biogas should fall, which in this case is the opposite. Thus, this study seeks to identify drivers of the current surge in the installation of the biogas system in Ghana for the decisions that could be implemented to reinforce gains. This study adopted a quantitative survey-based assessment approach to identify the drivers for policy formulation. The results show that reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, training of trainees and the community, cost savings, public education, bank loans, available waste stock, etc. are the key drivers accelerating the continuous growth of the industry in Ghana. Furthermore, a high degree of agreement was observed from the participants regarding the non-price drivers of biogas. The results present government agencies including the Ministry of Energy, the Energy Commission and industries with an action plan to restructure the concept of renewable energy sources in Ghana. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive outlook of biogas generation system, which could be explicitly used in capacity development to create a sustainable progress of biogas development in Ghana.