In this study, the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was doped in an electrolyte solution to improve the healing effect of concrete cracks repaired by electrodeposition. The effect of the CTAB dosage (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 1.50%, 2.00%) on the healing of concrete cracks was investigated, as well as the durability of repaired mortar specimens. Under the current dosage range, the experimental results demonstrated that the healing effect of concrete cracks peaks at 1.00% CTAB dosage. Nevertheless, the extra more addition of CTAB could weaken the healing effect. In terms of the specimens repaired in electrolyte solution containing 1.00% CTAB, the steel-mortar adhesive strength, chloride ion resistance and corrosion resistance of steel were significantly enhanced compared with those of specimens repaired by electrodeposits without CTAB. Additionally, instead of influencing the composition of electrodeposits ZnO (formed in ZnSO4 solution) and Mg(OH)2 (formed in MgSO4 solution)), the different CTAB dosages could lead to diverse morphology of electrodeposits and different porosity of specimens.