Device Surface Research Articles

Deposition Silver Based Thin Film on Stainless Steel 316l as Antimicrobial Agent Using Electrophoretic Deposition Method

SUS316L stainless steel has been widely used in medical applications. However, some germs frequently adhere to the device surface, resulting in infections following implantation surgery. Unfortunately, the material lacks antibacterial characteristics that prevent microorganisms from adhering to the surface. This study aims to use electrophoretic deposition to deposit chitosan/silver (Ag) as an antibacterial agent on stainless steel 316L. The antimicrobial effects of chitosan and silver are well established. During the deposition, the rectifier voltage was adjusted to a constant 10 volts with a suspension pH range of 2.7 to 5.1. The effect of varying the pH of the suspension on the physical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of chitosan/Ag thin films was investigated. The materials’ structure and morphology were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antimicrobial inhibition was examined using the Kirby-Bauer antimicrobial test. The results reveal that increasing the pH of the suspension causes an increase in the thickness, size, and aggregation of the chitosan/Ag thin film. The highest thickness achieved during deposition with a pH 5.1 suspension is 5.265 𝜇m. The best antibacterial agent is achieved at a pH 3.5 suspension sample with an inhibitory zone diameter of 4 mm

Experimental study on PVT − PCM system performance using bubble-driven flow

Photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) panels are devices that convert solar radiation into both heat and electricity. The integration of a phase change material (PCM) in PVT panels can regulate the temperature and improve thermal efficiency. In times of low solar radiation, heat stored in the PCM can be transferred to a heat transfer fluid (HTF) to provide thermal energy. This study experimentally investigated a PCM-filled PVT system and compared it with the conventional water-based PVT system. To enhance the performance of the PCM, bubble was injected, which increased the convection heat transfer. The results showed that PCM was found to effectively suppress PV panel temperature rise. In the bubble-injected case, the maximum temperature rise at the back surface of the PV device decreased 48%, which could effectively increase the thermal efficiency. As a result, the overall temperature of the bubble injection case decreased as the thermal energy from the PV panel was absorbed faster, and the temperature distribution became more uniform. The improved thermal stratification of PCM increased the amount of energy storage. The performance of solar panels was discovered to be greatly enhanced utilizing bubble-driven flow in the PVT-PCM system.

High-throughput screening of zwitterion-based coatings towards improved mechanical stability and drug-loading capacity

2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and zwitterionic polymers are currently considered the most extensively studied antifouling hydrogel coatings. However, systematic identification of these coatings to unleash their potential properties is tremendously under-represented. Here, we report a high-throughput optimizing strategy that combines highly miniaturized hydrogel synthesis and screening to fine design zwitterion-based hydrogel coatings. Compared with the traditional one-by-one synthesis and characterization methods, the proposed high-throughput strategy accelerated the discovery of candidate materials with a high-efficiency and cost-effective approach. To tailor multiple parameters of coatings, 1575 unique coating combinations with continuous gradients were prepared only required 600 μL reactant. The mechanical stability and drug-loading capacity of the coating spots were sequentially evaluated via immersion swelling, flow, tape-peeling, and dye-retaining tests. This strategy could efficiently reveal the composition/structure-function relationships of the hydrogel coatings and also other materials, which is promising for the rapid screening and design of desired implantable device surfaces.

An Innovative Polymeric Platform for Controlled and Localized Drug Delivery.

Precision medicine aims to optimize pharmacological treatments by considering patients' genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors, enabling dosages personalized to the individual. To address challenges associated with oral and injectable administration approaches, implantable drug delivery systems have been developed. These systems overcome issues like patient adherence, bioavailability, and first-pass metabolism. Utilizing new combinations of biodegradable polymers, the proposed solution, a Polymeric Controlled Release System (PCRS), allows minimally invasive placement and controlled drug administration over several weeks. This study's objective was to show that the PCRS exhibits a linear biphasic controlled release profile, which would indicate potential as an effective treatment vehicle for cervical malignancies. An injection mold technique was developed for batch manufacturing of devices, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that the device's geometry and surface area could be varied to achieve various drug release profiles. This study's results motivate additional development of the PCRS to treat cervical cancer, as well as other malignancies, such as lung, testicular, and ovarian cancers.

Flexible 3D printed microwires and 3D microelectrodes for heart-on-a-chip engineering

We developed a heart-on-a-chip platform that integrates highly flexible, vertical, 3D micropillar electrodes for electrophysiological recording and elastic microwires for the tissue’s contractile force assessment. The high aspect ratio microelectrodes were 3D-printed into the device using a conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). A pair of flexible, quantum dots/thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposite microwires were 3D printed to anchor the tissue and enable continuous contractile force assessment. The 3D microelectrodes and flexible microwires enabled unobstructed human iPSC-based cardiac tissue formation and contraction, suspended above the device surface, under both spontaneous beating and upon pacing with a separate set of integrated carbon electrodes. Recording of extracellular field potentials using the PEDOT:PSS micropillars was demonstrated with and without epinephrine as a model drug, non-invasively, along with in situ monitoring of tissue contractile properties and calcium transients. Uniquely, the platform provides integrated profiling of electrical and contractile tissue properties, which is critical for proper evaluation of complex, mechanically and electrically active tissues, such as the heart muscle under both physiological and pathological conditions.

A numerical investigation of hydrogen impingement-effusion array jet for a heat sink cooling using solid/porous fins: A thermo-hydrodynamic analysis

Increasing the aim of hydrogen use as fuel in vehicles motivates applying it to other critical requirements, such as cooling, owing to its thermal properties. Therefore, the effect of applying hydrogen impingement jets for cooling a hot surface of electrical devices, such as a prismatic battery, is investigated in this numerical study. The dependent variables are the volumetric flow rate, the jet distance from the target to the jet diameter, the coolant type, and the fins configuration, called in-line and staggered, and types, as solid or porous. The convective heat transfer coefficient, thermal resistance, pressure drop, and temperature and velocity distribution for the studied cases are considered. The simulation is conducted using the SST k-ω turbulence model, SIMPLE algorithm, and second-order method for discretization differential equations. Applying hydrogen as the coolant decreases the maximum temperature up to 2% and increases heat transfer by about 10%, while it mitigates the pressure drop by a factor of 1/12 if compared to air coolant. Further, inserting porous fins improves heat transfer by about 10% and 17%, respectively for air and hydrogen coolant in comparison with the case without fins. The fin decreases the temperature on the root and makes the recirculation zones.

Boosting Sensitivity and Reliability in Field‐Effect Transistor‐Based Biosensors with Nanoporous MoS2Encapsulated by Non‐Planar Al2O3

AbstractField‐effect transistors‐based biosensors (bio‐FETs) have been considered an important technology for label‐free and ultrasensitive point‐of‐care diagnostics. However, practical applications using bio‐FETs are limited due to the trade‐off between sensing reliability and sensitivity. This study suggests a reliable and sensitive bio‐FETs based on nanoporous molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) channels encapsulated by a non‐planar high‐k aluminum oxide (Al2O3) dielectric layer. Nanoporous MoS2 thin film is fabricated with an abundant edge area and periodically ordered nanopores via block copolymer lithography. The ultra‐thin Al2O3 dielectric layer deposited along the nanoporous structure of the MoS2 realizes effective electrostatic control of charged biomolecules over the MoS2 channel. In addition, it plays important roles in not only enhancing the electrical performance of the nanoporous MoS2 bio‐FETs, that is, mobility, hysteresis, and subthreshold swing, but also achieving effective biomolecular immobilization on the device surface. The nanoporous MoS2 channel structure surrounded by non‐planar Al2O3 detects a prostate cancer biomarker with an ultra‐low limit of detection of 1 fg mL−1. Moreover, the excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, and clinical reliability of the nanoporous MoS2 bio‐FETs are also confirmed. The proposed device platform provides new insights and technical advances in the field of FETs based sensors for future point‐of‐care devices.

Milk Protein Adsorption on Metallic Iron Surfaces.

Food processing and consumption involves multiple contacts between biological fluids and solid materials of processing devices, of which steel is one of the most common. Due to the complexity of these interactions, it is difficult to identify the main control factors in the formation of undesirable deposits on the device surfaces that may affect safety and efficiency of the processes. Mechanistic understanding of biomolecule-metal interactions involving food proteins could improve management of these pertinent industrial processes and consumer safety in the food industry and beyond. In this work, we perform a multiscale study of the formation of protein corona on iron surfaces and nanoparticles in contact with cow milk proteins. By calculating the binding energies of proteins with the substrate, we quantify the adsorption strength and rank proteins by the adsorption affinity. We use a multiscale method involving all-atom and coarse-grained simulations based on generated ab initio three-dimensional structures of milk proteins for this purpose. Finally, using the adsorption energy results, we predict the composition of protein corona on iron curved and flat surfaces via a competitive adsorption model.

Histone Modification of Osteogenesis Related Genes Triggered by Substrate Topography Promotes Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation.

The clinical success of orthopedic implants is closely related to their integration in the bone tissue promoted by rough device surfaces. The biological response of precursor cells to their artificial microenvironments plays a critical role in this process. In this study, we elucidated the relation between cell instructivity and surface microstructure of polycarbonate (PC)-based model substrates. The rough surface structure (hPC) with an average peak spacing (Sm) similar to the trabecular spacing of trabecular bone improved osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), as compared to the smooth surface (sPC) and the surface with a moderate Sm value (mPC). The hPC substrate promoted the cell adhesion and assembling of F-actin and enhanced cell contractile force by upregulating phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) expression. The increased cell contractile force led to YAP nuclear translocation and the elongation of cell nuclei, presenting higher levels of active form of Lamin A/C. The nuclear deformation alternated the histone modification profile, particularly the decrease of H3K27me3 and increase of H3K9ac on the promoter region of osteogenesis related genes (ALPL, RUNX2, and OCN). Mechanism study using inhibitors and siRNAs elucidated the role of YAP, integrin, F-actin, myosin, and nuclear membrane proteins in such a regulatory process of surface topography on stem cell fate. These mechanistical insights on the epigenetic level give a new perspective in understanding of the interaction of substrate and stem cells as well as provide valuable criteria for designing bioinstructive orthopedic implants.

PrintShear

Most touch-based input devices, such as touchscreens and touchpads, capture low-resolution capacitive images when a finger touches the device's surface. These devices only output the two-dimensional (2D) positions of contacting points, which are insufficient for complex control tasks, such as the manipulation of 3D objects. To expand the modalities of touch inputs, researchers have proposed a variety of techniques, including finger poses, chording gestures, touch pressure, etc. With the rapid development of fingerprint sensing technology, especially under-screen fingerprint sensors, it has become possible to generate input commands to control multiple degrees of freedom (DOF) at a time using fingerprint images. In this paper, we propose PrintShear, a shear input technique based on fingerprint deformation. Lateral, longitudinal and rotational deformations are extracted from fingerprint images and mapped to 3DOF control commands. Further DOF expansion can be achieved through recognition of the contact region of the touching finger. We conducted a 12-person user study to evaluate the performance of PrintShear on 3D docking tasks. Comparisons with other input methods demonstrated the superiority of our approach. Specifically, a 19.79% reduction in completion time was achieved compared with conventional touch input in a full 6DOF 3D object manipulation task.

Detection and imaging of bacterial biofilms with glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters

Bacterial biofilms colonize chronic wounds and surfaces of medical devices, thus making the development of reliable methods for imaging and detection of biofilms crucial. Although fluorescent identification of bacteria is sensitive and non-destructive, the lack of biofilm-specific fluorescent dyes limits the application of this technique to biofilm detection. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that fluorescent glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) without targeting ligands can specifically interact with extracellular matrix components of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial biofilms resulting in fluorescent staining of bacterial biofilms. By contrast, fluorescent bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid – stabilized gold nanoclusters do not stain the extracellular matrix of biofilms. According to molecular docking studies, GSH-AuNCs show affinity to several targets in extracellular matrix, including amyloid-anchoring proteins, matrix proteins and polysaccharides. Some experimental evidence was obtained for the interaction of GSH-AuNCs with the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that was isolated from the matrix of Azospirillum baldaniorum biofilms. Based on GSH-AuNCs properties, we propose a new fluorescent method for the measurement of biofilm biomass with a limit of detection 1.7 × 105 CFU/mL. The sensitivity of the method is 10-fold higher than the standard biofilm quantification with the crystal violet assay. There is a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity from the biofilms and the number of CFU from the biofilms in the range from 2.6 × 105 to 6.7 × 107 CFU/mL. The developed nanocluster-mediated method of biofilm staining was successfully applied for quantitative detection of biofilm formation on urinary catheter surface. The presented data suggest that fluorescent GSH-AuNCs can be used to diagnose medical device-associated infections.

The Microbiome of Things: Appliances, Machines, and Devices Hosting Artificial Niche-Adapted Microbial Communities.

As it is the case with natural substrates, artificial surfaces of man-made devices are home to a myriad of microbial species. Artificial products are not necessarily characterized by human-associated microbiomes; instead, they can present original microbial populations shaped by specific environmental-often extreme-selection pressures. This review provides a detailed insight into the microbial ecology of a range of artificial devices, machines, and appliances, which we argue are specific microbial niches that do not necessarily fit in the "build environment" microbiome definition. Instead, we propose here the Microbiome of Things (MoT) concept analogous to the Internet of Things (IoT) because we believe it may be useful to shed light on human-made, but not necessarily human-related, unexplored microbial niches.

Preparation and Characterization of Flexible Phase Change Material for Compact Electrical Applications

The development of advances in digital technologies, the compact electronic devices plays an important role but the space constraints and irregular surfaces in the device makes it hard to dissipate heat with the help of external medium. They overheat in most of the cases and become a common cause for failure of the device. Phase Change Materials (PCM) release or absorb heat at its melting temperature to its better thermal management. But the PCM have limitations as its brittleness could not occupy the irregular surfaces of compact electronic devices and undergo deformations during operation, a new class of material Flexible PCM (FPCM) developed to endure a certain amount of deformation and make compact contact with irregular surfaces of objects, making them ideal for many smart applications. In this work, the newer thin film FPCM are prepared using Olefin Block Copolymer and paraffin wax at different combinations on mass basis and field emission SEM and XRD characterization of samples are studied and reported. This paper presents selection of optimal PCM and copolymer, preparation of FPCM and detailed analysis of the sample report and electrical device applications. This report provides a basis for implementing and optimizing phase change thermal management techniques in electrical devices. The experimental results shows PCM 45 and 55 wt% co-polymer combination of FPCM having better thermal management in Electrical Applications. Thermal analysis will be studied in future. HIGHLIGHTS Flexible Phase Change Materials (FPCM) prepared and properties are studied Olefin Block Copolymer and paraffin wax at different combinations on mass basis developed and studied FPCM used for Compact Electronic Applications considered as LED Lamb GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Physical Insights Into Electron Trapping Mechanism in the Carbon-Doped GaN Buffer in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs and Its Impact on Dynamic On-Resistance

In this work, a well-calibrated computational framework is used to probe the physical mechanisms leading to electron trapping in the carbon-doped GaN buffer in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Device variants having higher lateral electric field were found to exhibit a drastic increase in dynamic ON resistance beyond a critical drain stress voltage. Computations were done while considering trapping on the device surface, with and without accounting for hot electrons, as well as trapping in the GaN buffer. Detailed analysis established electron injection and trapping in the C-doped GaN buffer to be responsible for the observed dynamic ON resistance behavior. Physical insights are provided into the electron injection and trapping behavior by analyzing field evolution near the field plate edge, field-enhanced trapping, and its impact on the leakage current path within the GaN buffer. Finally, the proposed mechanism of field-enhanced electron trapping is validated by computations with device variants having field-independent trapping process and different buffer trap activation energies.

Development of a universal, oriented antibody immobilization method to functionalize vascular prostheses for enhanced endothelialization for potential clinical application

BackgroundThrombosis is a common cause of vascular prosthesis failure. Antibody coating of prostheses to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells to aid endothelialization on the device surface appears a promising solution to prevent thrombus formation. Compared with random antibody immobilization, oriented antibody coating (OAC) increases antibody-antigen binding capacity and reduces antibody immunogenicity in vivo. Currently, few OAC methods have been documented, with none possessing clinical application potential.ResultsDopamine and the linker amino-PEG8-hydrazide-t-boc were successfully deposited on the surface of cobalt chromium (CC) discs, CC stents and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts under a slightly basic condition. CD34 antibodies were immobilized through the reaction between aldehydes in the Fc region created by oxidation and hydrazides in the linker after t-boc removal. CD34 antibody-coated surfaces were integral and smooth as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), had significantly reduced or no substrate-specific signals as revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, were hospitable for HUVEC growth as demonstrated by cell proliferation assay, and specifically bound CD34 + cells as shown by cell binding testing. CD34 antibody coating turned hydrophobic property of ePTFE grafts to hydrophilic. In a porcine carotid artery interposition model, a confluent monolayer of cobblestone-shaped CD31 + endothelial cells on the luminal surface of the CD34 antibody coated ePTFE graft were observed. In contrast, thrombi and fibrin fibers on the bare graft, and sporadic cells on the graft coated by chemicals without antibodies were seen.ConclusionA universal, OAC method was developed. Our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that the method can be potentially translated into clinical application, e.g., modifying ePTFE grafts to mitigate their thrombotic propensity and possibly provide for improved long-term patency for small-diameter grafts.

Recent Strategies and Future Recommendations for the Fabrication of Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Antibiofouling Biomaterials.

Biomaterials and biomedical devices induced life-threatening bacterial infections and other biological adverse effects such as thrombosis and fibrosis have posed a significant threat to global healthcare. Bacterial infections and adverse biological effects are often caused by the formation of microbial biofilms and the adherence of various biomacromolecules, such as platelets, proteins, fibroblasts, and immune cells, to the surfaces of biomaterials and biomedical devices. Due to the programmed interconnected networking of bacteria in microbial biofilms, they are challenging to treat and can withstand several doses of antibiotics. Additionally, antibiotics can kill bacteria but do not prevent the adsorption of biomacromolecules from physiological fluids or implanting sites, which generates a conditioning layer that promotes bacteria's reattachment, development, and eventual biofilm formation. In these viewpoints, we highlighted the magnitude of biomaterials and biomedical device-induced infections, the role of biofilm formation, and biomacromolecule adhesion in human pathogenesis. We then discussed the solutions practiced in healthcare systems for curing biomaterials and biomedical device-induced infections and their limitations. Moreover, this review comprehensively elaborated on the recent advances in designing and fabricating biomaterials and biomedical devices with these three properties: antibacterial (bacterial killing), antibiofilm (biofilm inhibition/prevention), and antibiofouling (biofouling inhibition/prevention) against microbial species and against the adhesion of other biomacromolecules. Besides we also recommended potential directions for further investigations.

Transcatheter Left Atrial Appendage Exclusion: Preclinical and Early Clinical Results With the Laminar Device

BackgroundThe Laminar device rotates and closes the left atrial appendage (LAA) using an integrated ball and lock that excludes and eliminates the LAA pouch. There is a low device surface area, minimizing the risk of peridevice leak (PDL) and device-related thrombus (DRT) formation. ObjectivesThis study evaluates the safety and efficacy of the Laminar LAA exclusion device in healthy animals and human subjects with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of ischemic stroke and systemic thromboembolism. MethodsThe preclinical study implanted the Laminar device into canine subjects that underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopic evaluation, followed by necropsy and histological assessment at 45 and 150-days post-implant. The early clinical study implanted the device in human subjects, followed to 12 months postimplantation. Procedural success was defined as device implantation in the intended location without residual LAA leak >5 mm as seen by TEE. Safety endpoints included freedom from stroke, systemic embolism, pericardial effusion, or tamponade, life-threatening/major bleeding, or death. ResultsThe Laminar device was successfully implanted in 10 canines. In all animals at 45 days and 150 days, no PDL or DRT was found, and histological examination showed fully closed LAAs covered with neo-endocardium. The device was successfully implanted in 15 human subjects with no safety events out to 12 months postimplantation. All subjects had successful protocol-defined LAA closure without DRT at 45 days by TEE and computed tomography, which remained stable through 12 months’ follow-up. ConclusionsThe preclinical and early clinical results demonstrate a promising safety and efficacy profile for the Laminar LAA exclusion device.

Magnetic and Biocompatible Polyurethane Nanofiber Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering.

Recruitment of endothelial cells to cardiovascular device surfaces could solve issues of thrombosis, neointimal hyperplasia, and restenosis. Since current targeting strategies are often nonspecific, new technologies to allow for site-specific cell localization and capture in vivo are needed. The development of cytocompatible superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles has allowed for the use of magnetism for cell targeting. In this study, a magnetic polyurethane (PU)-2205 stainless steel (2205-SS) nanofibrous composite biomaterial was developed through analysis of composite sheets and application to stent-grafts. The PU nanofibers provide strength and elasticity while the 2205-SS microparticles provide ferromagnetic properties. Sheets were electrospun at mass ratios of 0-4:1 (2205-SS:PU) and stent-grafts with magnetic or nonmagnetic stents were coated at the optimal ratio of 2:1. These composite materials were characterized by microscopy, mechanical testing, a sessile drop test, magnetic field measurement, magnetic cell capture assays, and cytocompatibility after 14 days of culturing with endothelial cells. Results of this study show that an optimal ratio of 2:1 2205-SS:PU results in a hydrophobic material that balanced mechanical and magnetic properties and was cytocompatible up to 14 days. Significant cell capture required a thicker material of 0.5 mm thickness. Stent-grafts fabricated from a magnetic coating and a magnetic stent demonstrated uniform cell capture throughout the device surface. This novel biomaterial exhibits a combination of mechanical and magnetic properties that enables magnetic capture of cells and other therapeutic agents for vascular and other tissue engineering applications.

A Novel Equipment-Free Paper-Based Fluorometric Method for the Analytical Determination of Quinine in Soft Drink Samples.

A simple, equipment-free, direct fluorometric method, employing paper-based analytical devices (PADs) as sensors, for the selective determination of quinine (QN) is described herein. The suggested analytical method exploits the fluorescence emission of QN without any chemical reaction after the appropriate pH adjustment with nitric acid, at room temperature, on the surface of a paper device with the application of a UV lamp at 365 nm. The devices crafted had a low cost and were manufactured with chromatographic paper and wax barriers, and the analytical protocol followed was extremely easy for the analyst and required no laboratory instrumentation. According to the methodology, the user must place the sample on the detection area of the paper and read with a smartphone the fluorescence emitted by the QN molecules. Many chemical parameters were optimized, and a study of interfering ions present in soft drink samples was carried out. Additionally, the chemical stability of these paper devices was considered in various maintenance conditions with good results. The detection limit calculated as 3.3 S/N was 3.6 mg L-1, and the precision of the method was satisfactory, being from 3.1% (intra-day) to 8.8% (inter-day). Soft drink samples were successfully analyzed and compared with a fluorescence method.

Development of a novel immunoFET technology-based POC assay for detection of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major.

Leishmaniasis is considered as one of the 20 neglected tropical diseases. Current methods of leishmanial diagnosis depend on conventional laboratory-based techniques, which are time-consuming, costly and require special equipment and trained personnel. In this context, we aimed to provide an immuno field effect transistors (ImmunoFET) biosensor that matches the conventional standards for point-of-care (POC) monitoring and detection of Leishmania (L.) donovani/Leishmania major. Crude antigens prepared by repeated freeze thawing of L. donovani/L. major stationary phase promastigotes were used for ELISA and ImmunoFETs. Lesishmania-specific antigens were serially diluted in 1× PBS from a concentration of 106 -102 parasites/mL. A specific polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA was established for the detection of Leishmania antigens. An immunoFET technology-based POC novel assay was constructed for the detection of Leishmania antigens. Interactions between antigen-antibody at the gate surface generate an electrical signal that can be measured by semiconductor field-effect principles. Sensitivity was considered and measured as the change in current divided by the initial current. The final L. donovani/L. major crude antigen protein concentrations were measured as 1.50 mg/mL. Sandwich ELISA against the Leishmania 40S ribosomal protein detected Leishmania antigens could detect as few as 100 L. donovani/L. major parasites. An immunoFET biosensor was constructed based on the optimization of aluminium gallium nitride/gallium nitride (AlGaN/GaN) surface oxidation methods. The device surface was composed by an AlGaN/GaN wafer with a 23 nm AlGaN barrier layer, a 2 μm GaN layer on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate for Leishmania binding, and coated with a specific antibody against the Leishmania 40S ribosomal protein, which was successfully detected at concentrations from 106 to 102 parasites/mL in 1× PBS. At the concentration of 104 parasites, the immunoFETs device sensitivities were 13% and 0.052% in the sub-threshold regime and the saturation regime, respectively. Leishmania parasites were successfully detected by the ImmunoFET biosensor at a diluted concentration as low as 150 ng/mL. In this study, the developed ImmunoFET biosensor performed well. ImmunoFET biosensors can be used as an alternative diagnostic method to ELISA. Increasing the sensitivity and optimization of immuno-FET biosensors might allow earlier and faster detection of leishmaniasis.