Surface Of 316L Stainless Steel Research Articles

Evaluation of Electropolishing Characteristics of 316L Stainless Steel Tube in Contaminated Electrolyte

In the electropolishing process, the polishing quality of the metal surface varies according to the contamination of the electrolyte. In this study, the electrolyte was evaluated according to the usage time, and the effect of each factor on electropolishing was investigated. As the electrolyte is contaminated, the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte increases and the ion conductivity decreases. In addition, the pH and specific gravity of the electrolyte increase due to the metal sludge formed as the metal ion concentration increases. When the electrolyte usage time was more than 5 days, many scratches remained on the surface of 316L stainless steel, and relatively high surface roughness was measured. The surface roughness improvement rate compared to the initial specimen was 30% for the unused electrolyte, 26% on the 3rd day, 19% on the 5th day, and 17.5% on the 13th day. Since the low current density due to electrolyte contamination causes a decrease in polishing efficiency, initial scratches on the metal surface still exist on the polished surface. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the electrolyte to maintain the quality of electropolishing.

THE EFFECT OF THE DC-SPUTTERING PROCESS ON CHANGES IN THE HARDNESS VALUE AND ELEMENTS COMPOSITION OF BIOCOMPATIBLE STAINLESS STEEL 316L MATERIAL

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) thin films have intriguing optical, photocatalytic, and electrical properties and have been investigated for various applications, including solar cells, biomaterials, corrosion-resistant materials, and gas sensor. In this study, TiO2 thin films were deposited on the surface of 316L Stainless Steel to improve its mechanical properties as an implant material. The deposition method used was DC sputtering with variations in deposition times of 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes. Vickers hardness test and SEM-EDX characterization were carried out to determine the hardness value, elemental composition, and thickness of the TiO2 thin film formed. Based on these tests, it was discovered that the optimal hardness value of316L stainless Steel material was attained at a deposition period of 90 minutes with a hardness value of 170.10 VHN, and the average thickness of the layer formed was ± 119.02 μm.

Improved corrosion resistance and interfacial conductivity of a-C/(Ti:C)/Ti nano-thin film for 316L stainless steel bipolar plates

To enhance corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of metallic bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the film containing amorphous carbon (a-C) outer layer, titanium carbon compound (Ti:C) transition layer and titanium (Ti) seed layer has been deposited on the surface of 316L stainless steel (316L SS) by multi-arc ion plating method. Dense and uniform a-C/(Ti:C)/Ti nano-thin film is relatively hydrophobic and approximately 300 nm thick, presenting a clear multilayer structure. The interfacial contact resistance of 316L SS is effectively reduced from 124.97 mΩ·cm2 to 3.97 mΩ·cm2 at 1.4 MPa after modification. Electrochemical corrosion tests are investigated in the simulated cathodic PEMFCs environment (0.5 M H2SO4 and 2 ppm HF at 70 ℃ bubbled with air). Potentiodynamic polarization results reveal that the corrosion potential of a-C/(Ti:C)/Ti film modified sample is 0.23 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and the corrosion current density is only 0.14 μA·cm−2. The durability of the a-C/(Ti:C)/Ti film was assessed by conducting potentiostatic polarization tests at various applied potentials. After 4 h potential of 0.6 V and 0.8 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) holding tests, the current densities of the modified 316L SS have stabilized at 0.076 μA·cm−2 and 0.098 μA·cm−2, respectively.

The impact of alloying element Cu on corrosion and biofilms of 316L stainless steel exposed to seawater.

Copper-containing stainless steel (SS) has been reported to mitigate biofilms in industrial and clinical environments. However, the impact of copper released from copper-containing SS in natural seawater on biofilms and corrosion is still unclear. In this study, three kinds of 316L SS were immersed in natural seawater for 6months, and the pitting depth decreased in the order: 316L-Cu SS (annealed) > 316L SS > 316L-Cu SS (aged). The biofilm thickness and number of sessile cells on the surface of 316L-Cu SS (annealed) and 316L SS were similar but notably greater than those of 316L-Cu SS (aged). Furthermore, the results of the community analysis indicated that the addition of copper in 316L-Cu SS (aged) reduced the diversity and richness of the microbial community, resulting in a significant reduction in the number of genera constituting the biofilms. Copper ions exhibit a broad-spectrum bactericidal effect, effectively reducing the abundance of dominant populations and microbial genera in the biofilms, thereby mitigating pitting corrosion induced by microorganisms. In addition, the PCoA scatter plot showed that time also played an important role in the regulation of microbial community structure.

Chemical Species Formed on FeB-Fe2B Layers during Wet Sliding Wear Test

In the present work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectra of borided AISI 316L for two different times (1 and 6 h) of exposure to simulated body fluid (SBF) were obtained after wet sliding wear. A borided layer of ~39 microns was obtained on the surface of the AISI 316L stainless steel using the thermochemical treatment of boriding. As part of the mechanical and chemical characterization of sliding wear, Berkovich nanoindentation and X-ray spectroscopy tests were used to determine the main properties of the borided layer. The results of the specific wear rate values were higher at 5 mm/s sliding speed than those recorded at 30 mm/s due to the influence of the exposure time of the sample and the complex combinations of chemical reactions with boron (e.g., B2S3, Cr2O3, and Fe2O3) on the surface during the sliding during 6 h of exposure in Hank’s solution due to the formation of the passive film. The knowledge of chemical species formed during wet sliding wear tests on borided AISI 316L is essential for understanding wear mechanisms and materials’ performance and optimizing material properties and materials’ and components’ reliability in the biomedical industry for screws and fastening plates.

Effect of Low-Temperature Plasma Carburization on Fretting Wear Behavior of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

AISI 316L stainless steel has received considerable attention as a common material for key ball valve components; however, its properties cannot be improved through traditional phase transformation, and fretting wears the contact interface between valve parts. A carburized layer was prepared on the surface of AISI 316L stainless steel by using double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization technology. This study reveals the effect of double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization technology on the fretting wear mechanism of AISI 316L steel under different normal loads and displacements. The fretting wear behavior and energy dissipation of the AISI 316L steel and the carburized layer were studied on an SRV-V fretting friction and wear machine with ball–plane contact. The wear mark morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the phase structure of the carburized layer was characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the wear profile and wear volume were evaluated with laser confocal microscopy. The carburized layer contains a single Sc phase, a uniform and dense structure, and a metallurgically combined matrix. After plasma carburizing, the sample exhibited a maximum surface hardness of 897 ± 18 HV0.2, which is approximately four times higher than that of the matrix (273 ± 33 HV0.2). Moreover, the surface roughness was approximately doubled. The wear depth, wear rate, and frictional dissipation energy coefficient of the carburized layer were significantly reduced by up to approximately an order of magnitude compared with the matrix, while the wear resistance and fretting wear stability of the carburized layer were significantly improved. Under different load conditions, the wear mechanism of the AISI 316L steel changed from adhesive wear and abrasive wear to adhesive wear, fatigue delamination, and abrasive wear. Meanwhile, the wear mechanism of the carburized layer changed from adhesive wear to adhesive wear and fatigue delamination, accompanied by a furrowing effect. Under variable displacement conditions, both the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer mainly exhibited adhesive wear and fatigue peeling. Oxygen elements accumulated in the wear marks of the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer, indicating oxidative wear. The fretting wear properties of the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer were determined using the coupled competition between mechanical factors and thermochemical factors. Low-temperature plasma carburization technology improved the stability of the fretting wear process and changed the fretting regime of the AISI 316L steel and could be considered as anti-wearing coatings of ball valves.

Wear and corrosion properties of HVOF sprayed WC-Cr3C2 composite coating for application in polysilicon cyclone separator

The wear and corrosion properties of the cyclone separator play a crucial role for the preparation of high-purity trichlorosilane in the Siemens method polysilicon cold hydrogenation system. In this work, we used fluent simulation technology to determine the optimal spraying process parameters of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technology, and the Ni60-WC composite coatings with different content of Cr3C2 were prepared on 316L stainless steel surface by using HVOF technology. The microstructure, phase structure and mechanical properties of the coating were characterized, and the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coating were studied. By comparing the friction coefficient, wear rate, wear profile and electrochemical polarization and impedance spectrum of the coating, the effects of Cr3C2 content on the microstructure, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of HVOF sprayed WC composite coating were studied. The results show that the coating prepared by using the simulation parameters are uniform and compact, the coating is tightly bonded to the substrate. The main phases in the coating are WC, W2C and Cr3C2. With the increase of Cr3C2 hard phase, the wear resistance and corrosion resistance gradually improve. Ni60–35WC–20Cr3C2 and Ni60–35WC–30Cr3C2 volume loss rate is the lowest, the friction depth is the shiniest, compared with the substrate, the wear rate is reduced by more than 95 %. Ni60–35WC–20Cr3C2 has the highest corrosion potential, the smallest corrosion current, the smallest corrosion rate and the largest impedance spectrum radius. However, when the content of Cr3C2 reaches 30 %, the corrosion resistance is the worst. Combined with wear resistance and corrosion resistance analysis, the Ni60–35WC–20Cr3C2 coating is selected to provide support for upgrading and prolongating the service life of the cyclone separator.

Brushite/hydroxyapatite coatings on H2SO4 passivated 316LSS by electrodeposition: In vitro corrosion and anti-inflammatory activity

This study evaluated the corrosion behavior and anti-inflammatory activity of brushite (BS or DCPD, CaHPO4·H2O)/hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) coating on sulfuric acid (H2SO4) treated 316L stainless steel (SS). The coating was applied using the electrodeposition process on untreated and H2SO4 passivated 316L SS surface. The obtained samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to obtain crystal and electronic structure as well as morphological and compositional information of the coated 316L SS. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests were performed in 0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and compared with the pristine (P316L), H2SO4 treated (T316L), untreated/BS/HAp coated (BHP316L) and treated/BS/HAp coated (BHT316L) 316L SS specimens. The anti-inflammatory activity was carried out for the coated samples by the protein denaturation method. The results showed that the BS/HAp coating on H2SO4 treated 316L SS (hereafter, denoted as BHT316L) were susceptible to corrosion attack against 0.9 % NaCl solution. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of the BHT316L was found to be lower compared to control (sodium diclofenac), indicating that particular concern should be given to H2SO4 treated 316L SS as the corrosion products formed by this surface modification may cause harmful effects in the human physiological environment.

Grain Orientation, Angle of Incidence, and Beam Polarization Effects on Ultraviolet 300 ps‐Laser‐Induced Nanostructures on 316L Stainless Steel

AbstractLaser‐induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represent a unique route for functionalizing materials through the fabrication of surface nanostructures. Commercial AISI 316L stainless steel (SS316L) surfaces are laser treated by ultraviolet 300 ps laser pulses in a laser line scanning (LLS) approach. Processing parameters are optimized (pulse energy of 2.08 µJ, pulse repetition frequency of 300 kHz, and suitable laser scan and sample displacement rates) for the generation of low spatial frequency LIPSS over a large 25 × 25 mm2 area. Different angles of incidence of the laser radiation (0°, 30°, and 45°) and different linear laser beam polarizations (s and p) produce a plethora of rippled surface morphologies at distinct grains. Scanning electron microscopy and 2D Fourier transforms, together with calculations of the optical energy deposited at the treated surfaces using Sipe's first‐principles electromagnetic scattering theory, are used to study and analyze in detail these surface morphologies. Combined with electron backscattering diffraction, analyses allow associating site‐selectively various laser‐induced‐surface morphologies with the underlying crystalline grain orientation. Resulting grain orientation maps reveal a strong impact of the grain crystallographic orientation on LIPSS formation and point toward possible strategies, like multi‐step processes, for improving the manufacturing of LIPSS and their areal coverage of polycrystalline technical materials.

Performance of electrochemically deposited hydroxyapatite on textured 316L SS for applications in biomedicine

ABSTRACT This study investigates the biocompatibility of laser-textured 316L stainless steel (SS) coated with hydroxyapatite (HA) for orthopaedic implants. Powdered HA was electrochemically deposited on the laser-textured surface of 316L SS, and various tests were conducted on its surface to assess its biocompatibility. A particle size analyser was used to determine the average HA particle size, and a 3D optical profilometer was employed to characterise the surface roughness of the laser-textured samples. Contact angle measurement results provide insights into the wettability of the substrate. Microscopy tests revealed that, compared to those without HA coating, HA coatings on spherical dimpled textures exhibited better cell adherence. Among the tested samples, a sample with 98% laser energy input, 40.45° contact angle, and 75.976 µm HA coating thickness was found to be the most suitable for bone implantation.

Experimental investigation on the superhydrophobic property of laser micromachined stainless steel 316L surface

Compared to conventional machined surfaces, superhydrophobic surfaces have advantages such as anti-corrosion, anti-bacterial, anti-biofouling, and self-cleaning qualities. In the production of biomedical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical, food processing, and marine parts that demand superhydrophobic surfaces, stainless steel 316L (SS 316L) finds use. One of the industrial procedures used to create micro-textures on the surface of a material to promote hydrophobicity is laser beam machining. The objective of this study is to use an Nd: YAG laser to create superhydrophobic surfaces through a planned set of experiments. In this work, it was analysed how the laser beam machining process parameters affected the contact angle, which is a crucial factor in determining whether a surface is hydrophobic. To find the ideal set of laser machining parameters to achieve superhydrophobicity in the shortest period, the Taguchi and ANFIS methods were used to optimise the Laser Beam Machining process parameters.

Stress corrosion cracking behavior of AISI 316L stainless steel treated by surface mechanical grinding

The effects of surface mechanical grinding treatment (SMGT) on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of machined 316L stainless steel surface were investigated by comparing to those of turned and milled surfaces. The surface stress state, roughness, microstructure, and microhardness induced by the different surface machining processes were tested and analyzed. The SCC tests on the turned, milled and SMGT samples were conducted in boiling MgCl2 solution at 155 ℃, and the crack morphologies were analyzed in detail to establish the relationship between the surface integrities and the resulting SCC behavior. The findings indicated that the SMGT altered the SCC initiation behavior and improved SCC resistance of the turned and milled surfaces of 316L stainless steel, and the surface stress state, microstructure refinement and surface strengthening induced by SMGT contributed to the improvement of the SCC resistance.

Enhancement of Surface Properties of 316L Stainless Steel with Silver Nanoparticles using Airbrush Spray Process

In this study, the surfaces of 316L stainless steel, which is frequently preferred in biomedical applications, were modified with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to improve their antibacterial and anticorrosive properties. Firstly, Ag NPs were synthesized using a completely green a plant-mediated ultrasound-assisted synthesis method and characterized. Next, Ag NPs were coated onto the surface of the 316L with the airbrush spray technique. The coated surfaces were examined by SEM, surface roughness, profilometer, optical microscope, electrochemical corrosion, and disk diffusion analyses. The average surface roughness values of the surface modified samples were found to be moderately suitable for use in biomaterials while exhibiting corrosion resistance and antibacterial resistance. The Ag NPs coating offers significant potential for biomedical applications.

Effect of binder phases on the cavitation erosion behavior of HVOF sprayed WC-based coatings

In order to address the issue of cavitation erosion (CE) damage in marine mechanical components, WC-10Co4Cr (WCC), WC-10Co (WC1) and WC-17Co (WC2) coatings were prepared on the surface of 316L stainless steel using high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying technique. The study investigated the microstructures, phases, mechanical properties and CE behavior of the coatings with different binder phases. The effects of the type and content of binder phase on the CE resistance and mechanism of the coatings were studied by compared the differences of volume loss rate (VLR) and eroded surface morphologies between the coatings. It was observed that all three coatings were dense and tightly bonded to the substrate. The primary phases identified in the coatings were WC, W2C and Co3W3C. Compared with the WC1 and WC2 coatings, the WCC coating demonstrated superior CE resistance with the lowest volume loss rate (VLR). The VLR of the WC1 and WC2 coatings was approximately four times higher than that of the WCC coating. The binder phase of Co-Cr improved the mechanical properties and the bonding strength of hard and binder phase, which reduces the brittle detachment of WC particles. In addition, the WCC coating had high microhardness and elastic modulus (E), H/E and H3/E2, which hindered the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The initiation of CE damage occurred at the original defects, such as pores, cracks. The primary CE mechanism of the coatings was the interlinking of cavitation craters, lamellar spalling caused by the fatigue cracks propagation along the interlayer. The brittle detachment of WC hard particles also occurred significantly in WC1 and WC2 coatings due to loss of the binder phase. It was concluded that the binder phase markedly influenced the CE resistance and mechanism of the coatings, the addition of Cr showed the most pronounced effect.

Improving the electrochemical corrosion behavior of stainless steel (316L) through the deposition of tantalum-based thin films

Austenitic 316L stainless steel (SS) is commonly used as a biomaterial for human implant applications. However, its clinical uses are limited due to its relatively high corrosion rate in physiological conditions. Various surface modifications, including coatings, have been developed to enhance its performance. In this study, a thin layer of Tantalum (Ta) was applied to the surface of 316L stainless steel using a DC Magnetron Sputtering (DCMS) system; the thickness of the coating varied from 1.504 to 6.083 µm, achieved by deposition times ranging from 15 to 60 min. The aim was to examine the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the uncoated 316L SS and the Ta-coated 316L SS, followed by Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, and Open Circuit Potential tests. These tests were conducted for 10 min, 60 min, and 90 min to assess their performance over time. The PDP measurements took place in a simulated body fluid (SBF) at a pH of 7.8 ± 0.25 and a temperature of 40 °C, with varying coating durations. The PDP test outcomes revealed that the Ta-coated 316L stainless steel exhibited enhanced resistance to corrosion compared to the uncoated 316L stainless steel sample. The efficacy of Ta coatings on the 316L stainless steel samples was assessed through several techniques, including Optical microscopes, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The findings from SEM and EDS verified the successful application of the Ta coating onto the stainless steel. The composition of the surface oxide film of Ta, the substrate, and the thickness of the coating were determined using the XPS technique, which confirms the effectiveness of the Ta coating in safeguarding 316L stainless steel against electrochemical corrosion, particularly for biomedical applications.

Enhancing antibacterial and anticorrosive properties of 316L stainless steel with nanocoating of copper oxide nanoparticles

Surface modifications are frequently applied to enhance the multifunctional performance of metallic materials in biomedical applications, and nanotechnology has the advantage of enabling the development of highly customized surface functions and properties. However, the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS316L) exhibits bioinert behavior with tissues, can be easily corroded by body fluids due to the containing Cl− ions, and leads to bacterial attachment. This study aimed to improve the multifunctional properties of SS316L by coating it with a novel matcha/polyethylene glycol-CuO NPs (Mat/PEG-CuO NPs) synthesized by a simple ultrasound-assisted method. The phyto/sonosynthesized CuO NPs were characterized by a range of advanced techniques, and their coating on the surface of SS316L was analyzed for electrochemical corrosion and antibacterial behavior. The experimental results showed that the spherical-shaped CuO NPs were successfully fabricated and coated onto SS316L to improve its surface characteristics. The coating with CuO NPs, having an average thickness of 5.31 μm, demonstrated exceptional anti-corrosive and anti-bacterial characteristics, showing a zone of inhibition measuring 29.5 mm and 25.5 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), respectively. The results demonstrate the successful fabrication of spherical CuO NPs coated onto SS316L, which holds great promise for biomedical applications.

Design of amorphous-nanocrystalline films of TiAlCrNbZrx multi-component alloy: The effect of Zr on the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties

In this study, amorphous/nanocrystalline TiAlCrNbZrx (x = 0, 0.3, 0.7, 1) multi-component alloy films have been successfully prepared on the surface of 316L stainless steel using direct current magnetron sputtering technique. The composition, microstructure, corrosion and mechanical properties, especially the effect of Zr content and structure on the properties, are discussed in detail. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) data revealed the presence of nanocrystalline phases among the amorphous phase. The results showed that the amorphous phase can effectively mitigate corrosion, while the nanocrystals can improve the mechanical properties and adhesion of the films as the Zr content increased. The lattice distortion caused by the incorporation of large atomic Zr contributed to a significant change in the film structure. TiAlCrNbZr films with the most nanocrystals showed better plastic deformation ability, while TiAlCrNbZr0.3 has a suitable amorphous/nanocrystal ratio, good corrosion resistance, and excellent mechanical properties.

Adsorption characteristics of bovine serum albumin on the surface of 316L stainless steel coated with diethoxydimethylsilane/chitosan composite films

In this study, diethoxydimethylsilane (DEDMS) was blended with chitosan (CS) to fabricate DEDMS/CS composite films, which were deposited on the surface of 316L stainless steel to assess their anticoagulant properties. A neat CS film exhibits a high concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein adhesion of 458.3 ± 6.2 μg/L in a bicinchoninic acid protein assay because the carbonyl and amide functional groups on the CS surface easily form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylic acid functional groups of the BSA protein. The DEDMS/CS composite films exhibited lower BSA adhesion concentration than neat CS films because some of the carbonyl and amide functional groups on the surface of CS were replaced by the –Si-O-Si and –Si-(CH3)2 functional groups. Increasing the DEDMS content in the DEDMS/CS composite films led to a higher concentration of –Si-O-Si and –Si-(CH3)2 functional groups on the surface and lower BSA adhesion concentration. Blending excess amounts of DEDMS caused an undesirable rougher surface morphology because of the hydrolysis and self-condensation reactions of DEDMS; this deteriorated the anticoagulant properties of the composite films. The study confirmed that a DEDMS/CS composite film with an appropriate DEDMS/CS content ratio of 8/92 mL/mL possesses hydrophobic characteristics and the lowest BSA protein adhesion of 155.5 ± 1.0 μg/L and has potential for biomedical coating applications.

Electrochemical characteristics and damage behaviour of DLC-coated 316L stainless steel for metallic bipolar plates of PEMFCs

ABSTRACT A diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating was deposited on the surface of 316L stainless steel using the arc ion plating (AIP) method to improve the life and efficiency of the metallic bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The electrochemical characteristics and damage behaviour were investigated in an accelerating solution simulating the PEMFCs operation environment. A result of the experiment showed the corrosion current density of all specimens with DLC coatings was lower than that of the base metal. However, when the thickness of the DLC coating was 0.3 and 0.5 μm, the corrosion resistance was lower than that of the base metal. This is thought to be because defects on the coating surface result in crevice corrosion of the gap between the coating layer and the intermediate layer or between the coating layer and the base metal, further accelerating corrosion.

Investigation of coated 316L steel surface: Surface morphology, composition, corrosion, and biocompatibility using hydroxyapatite mixed-EDM process

316L stainless steel belongs to insufficient biological responses and corrosion resistance. Although hydroxyapatite powder (HAp)-based coating improves biological responses and corrosion resistance of the 316L stainless steel, these coatings have resulted in inferior adhesion strength and cracked surface. This study aims to synthesize a highly biocompatible and corrosion resistant coating on the 316L stainless steel with a high adhesion strength and surface integrity using the electro discharge machining (EDM) method. The study also aims to explore the impacts of process parameters on the surface features. To reach the set objectives, several characterisation methods including atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Potentiostat (electrochemical cell), MTT assay and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were adopted. The HAp-mixed EDM method synthesized a biocompatible and corrosion resistant coating with an average thickness of 14.6 μm and 20.8 MPa adhesion strength comprising of Ca-P based oxides and carbides. The modified surface showed nano surface roughness of 18.5 nm. The oxides and carbides formed in the coating improved the cell viability of 316L stainless steel surface to 87 % and corrosion resistance to 0.00123 mm per year. This study is trying to gain the attention of 316L stainless steel-based bioimplant manufacturers to launch the hydroxyapatite mixed-EDM method for concurrent machining and coating.