Surface Water Quality Regulation Research Articles

Evaluation of the Şerefiye (Zara-Sivas) Dam According to Water Quality Indexes

With the aim of determining the water quality of Şerefiye Dam, Sivas province, the present study was carried out on the samples collected monthly from 3 stations between January 2014 and December 2014. In the analyses, which examined 25 variables, water quality was determined using the World Health Organization drinking water standards, water quality index (WQI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage, permeability index (PI), magnesium index, irrigation index, and the Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR) of the Turkish Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs. The mean value of water quality index in the dam was found to be 46.82 and the mean value of IWOI irrigation was found to be 3.90. The results obtained here showed that Şerefiye Dam was in the "very good" class in terms of water quality index and irrigation water quality. In addition, there was no oxygen deficiency due to excessive oxygen consumption during organic matter decomposition. The water quality parameters were much lower than the thresholds set in the SWQR, but according to the results of factor analysis (FA), the main variables responsible for the processes in the ecosystem were TSS, COD, SO3, SO4, EC, BOD, NO3, NH4, DO and Fe

Kuzeydoğu Akdeniz Nehirlerinde Ötrofikasyonun Değerlendirilmesi için Çözünmüş Besin Tuzları Sınır Değerleri

In this study, an attempt was made to determine limit values of dissolved nutrients for assessing trophic status and water quality of Northeastern Mediterranean Rivers from the previously published nutrient data sets. Study findings indicated that the oligotrophic river waters should have concentrations of total phosphorus, orthophosphate, ammonium and total nitrogen less than 0.13 mg/L, 0.07 mg/L, 0.11 mg/L and 0.90 mg/L, respectively. The proposed limit values defining oligotrophy, mesotrophy and eutrophy were different than the values reported by the Surface Water Quality Regulation and the commonly used reference values. These discrepancies were probably due to distinct physical and biochemical characteristics of the rivers. For defining threshold and reference values of dissolved nutrients, new approaches, such as modeling studies, are needed to produce more sensitive assessment tools for sustainable management of NE Mediterranean Rivers.

Trophic Status Assessment In Some Lotic Ecosystem In Turkey (Sakarya Basin)

Benthic diatoms constitute a very important group of organisms in terms of providing information about the water quality of the lotic ecosystems. This research was carried out in Istanbul creek, Aliaga creek, Bostancı creek and Orta creek in the Sakarya basin. The trophic states of these creeks were evaluated according to their diatomes. In the study, the epilithic diatoms were determined to consist of 42 taxa belonging to İstanbul creek, 28 to Bostancı creek, 25 to Orta creek and 20 to Aliaga creek. A total of 51 taxa were determined in the creeks. In this study, Cocconeis pediculus, Ulnaria ulna and Cymbella affinis were found to have the highest abundant at the stations. In the creeks, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were determined as respectively 9.1-14.1 ℃, 8.2-9.4 mg L-1, 7.1- 7.5 and conductivity as 210.2 - 240.4 μS cm-1. Although different results were obtained according to the diatom indices criteria (IBD, SLA,IDSE,IDAP, TID, SID,CEE, WAT, TDI, SHE, TIT) the creeks were determined to be close to water quality class I -II according to the Surface Water Quality Regulation In general, according to the diatom index values, it has been determined that the creeks have good-medium quality water characteristics.

Water Quality Asseeement of Simav River (Susurluk Basin/Turkey) According to Seasons and Stations

Susurluk Basin is under intense pressure from domestic, industrial wastes and agricultural activities. In this study, the effect of environmental factors on Simav Stream, one of the important rivers of the Susurluk Basin, was tried to be determined. In this purpose water samples were taken from 13 satation seasonally in 2014-2015, and water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, saturation, temprature, pH, electrical conductivity, salinty, turbidty, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus, total phosphor, chloride, bicarbonate, carbonate, were determined in this samples. The results were compared with the limit values specified in the national and international quality criteria. According to the Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR), the upper parts of the river were less polluted (II. quality) and the middle and lower parts were polluted water (III. quality). As a result of the research, it has been observed that the middle and lower reaches of the Simav Stream are under the pressure of intense agricultural, animal husbandry and pollution from domestic and industrial waste waters. It was determined that the pollution pressure started to increase in the upper part as well.

Assessment of the water quality of Bartın Kışla (Kozcağız) Dam by using geographical information system (GIS) and water quality indices (WQI)

This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality of the Kışla (Kozcagiz) Dam located in the province of Bartın in the Western Black Sea Region of Turkey. Water samples were collected monthly from 5 stations for a year and analyses were conducted using 27 water quality parameters. The quality of the dam and the water quality parameters were evaluated using different indices in comparison to the limits determined according to the standards set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Turkey Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR). Water quality index (WQI), organic pollution index (OPI), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), permeability index (PI), and metal pollution index (MPI) were calculated and spatial assessment of pollution was made seasonally by making use of the geographic information system (GIS). A piper diagram was used in determining the facies of the water. The types of Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3- predominated in the dam water. Moreover, statistical analyses were used in order to determine if there was a significant difference between the parameters. WQI results generally indicate that the water quality was good in all seasons; however, only in the autumn, sampling points S1 (101.58), S2 (100.59), S4 (102.31), and S5 (102.12) showed poor water characteristics. According to the OPI results, while winter and spring yielded good water quality, summer samples were lightly polluted and autumn samples were moderately polluted. Given SAR results, it can be stated that the water of Kışla Dam could be used as irrigation water. Considering the standards specified by WHO and SWQR, the parameters generally exceeded the threshold values, but the water hardness value was much higher than 100mg L-1 specified in SWQR as very hard water. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the pollution sources were anthropogenic. Thus, for the dam water to not be affected by the increasing pollutant factors, it should be continuously monitored, and attention should be paid to the irrigation methods used in agricultural activities.

The assessment of health risk from heavy metals with water indices for irrigation and the portability of Munzur Stream: A case study of the Ovacık area (Ramsar site), Türkiye

Surface water samples from the area of Munzur Stream in Türkiye (a Ramsar site) were evaluated for their suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes using different water quality indices. The human health risks were assessed as well. The study was conducted over a period of 24 months from January 2019 to December 2021 by taking samples from nine stations every month in order to determine the water quality of Munzur Stream, located in Tunceli. According to the results, Munzur Stream is in good condition in terms of the quality of drinking water and irrigation water. The concentrations of heavy metals such as Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg were high, though the water quality parameter according to Türkiye Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs Surface Water Quality Regulations (TSWQR) was significantly lower than the permitted limits. In Munzur Stream, the irrigation water for all stations was reported to be excellent, good and suitable in terms of SAR, Na% and MH, respectively. The principal component analysis data formed the four principal components, explaining 98.22% of the total variance. The sources of pollution in this area include the rock types of the basin, soil erosion, domestic waste water discharge and agricultural flow of inorganic fertilisers.

Evaluation of Bartın river water quality index and suitability as irrigation water with physicochemical parameters

In this study, it was aimed to determine the water quality of Bartın River and its usability as irrigation water. In order to evaluate the change of water quality according to the precipitation the samples were collected from 4 points in December and July months. pH, NO3, SO4, Cl-, total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solid (SS), turbidity, some cations and metals were analyzed in the collected samples. The assessment of physicochemical parameters was made according to the Surface Water Quality Regulation [1]. It was determined that SS and turbidity parameters increased after precipitation and 98% of turbidity was caused by SS. Cl-, Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, SO4-2, TP were determined higher in the dry period. Although COD, total dissolved solid (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), NO3 were higher in the rainy season, the difference between the two periods is not much. According to the water quality index, water quality was poor at all sampling points during the rainy season. In the dry period, good quality was also determined at only 1 sampling point. COD is the parameter with the greatest effect on effective weight and water quality. Irrigation water suitability was evaluated with the indexes sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), EC, %Na, magnesium ratio (MR), Kelly index (KI), potential salinity (PS) and total hardness (TH). River water is suitable as irrigation water in both periods according to SAR, %Na, MR, KI indexes. However, since the potential salinity (PS) value is greater than 3 µeq/L at the SP4 in the dry period, it is not suitable as irrigation water. Its total hardness value is >180 mg/L, so it is in the very hard water class.

Çubuk stream pollution and environmental effects

The water quality parameters of Çubuk Stream were examined in terms of physical and chemical aspects and the pollution level of Çubuk Stream was determined by comparing these parameters with the Surface Water Quality Regulation (SWQR). For this purpose; samples were taken from three different stations between August 2012 and April 2013, the water samples were compared with each other and with previous studies, the water quality of Çubuk Stream was determined according to the surface water quality regulation. In our study, the biological oxygen requirement of Çubuk Stream according to SWQR (BOD5: 22.5mg/l) IV. class, ammonium nitrogen element (NH4–N:2.34 mg/l) IV. class, nitrite nitrogen element (NO2–N: 0.035 mg/l) II. class, nitrate nitrogen element (NO3 –N:0.95 mg/l) Class I, according to phosphate value (PO4:0.075 mg/l) Class I and trace elements (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Mn) values Class I. water quality. According to the ratio of NH4-N/PO4 (2.34/0.075=31.2 mg/l), the element that limits eutrophication in Çubuk Stream is P. Compared to previous studies, after the wastewater treatment plants established in the region, higher quality water is provided, especially in terms of NO3 and PO4. It has been determined that the nitrogen and phosphorus ratios are high because the region, which is dense in terms of organic matter, is close to industrial establishments.

Statistical assessment of seasonal variations in water quality for different regions in Lake Van (Türkiye).

On earth, surface water bodies interact and change with the natural ecosystems. These surface waters and water quality may be adversely affected due to different factors. To analyze the effects, parameters indicating water pollution and quality and the possible causes of these parameters should be examined. In addition, environmental pollution issues should be controlled by taking measures. The most important surface water body in the province of Van, located in the east of Türkiye, is the biggest soda Lake Van. The population density around the lake, human polluting factors, unconscious beach use, inadequate wastewater treatment, agriculture and livestock activities, small-scale industrial areas, and chemicals used create a pollution effect. In the study, data were obtained during year of 2018 from six important sampling points around Lake Van and from the middle of the lake. Twenty-seven water quality parameters were analyzed separately and together. These variables' yearly values were evaluated with Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR, 2015). As a result, these points were determined to have class I in terms of water parameters according to the seasonal data. The basic descriptive statistics were compared with the regulation, and max, mean, and min values were examined. Data analyzed were done with probability-normality, trend analysis, correlation, and regression methods. The results of this study are that general parameters were normal and the quality of the six points continued to be similar. Na+, Cl-, salinity, and TDS were highly correlated, while DO and F were high matrix value parameters. EC, TDS, and SS regression equations provided high correlation parameters.

In vivo assessment of genotoxic effects in Cyprinus carpio L., 1758 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) exposed to selected metal(oid)s.

Heavy metals and metalloids originating from industrial, agricultural, and urban wastes and increasing in aquatic ecosystems cause genotoxic damage to fish species. This study aimed to determine the potential genotoxic effects of mixtures of aluminum, arsenic, and manganese in Cyprinus carpio. The effects of the mixtures on erythrocyte cells of C. carpio were examined using the comet assay, micronucleus test, and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities in two groups after exposure to three doses of the mixtures (Group A; Dose 1: 0.3 + 0.1 + 0.02mg/L, Dose 2: 0.6 + 0.2 + 0.04mg/L, Dose 3: 0.9 + 0.3 + 0.06mg/L and Group B; Dose 1: 1 + 3 +0.1mg/L, Dose 2: 2 + 6 + 0.2mg/L, Dose 3: 3 + 9 + 0.3mg/L). Experimental groups were formed according to the permissible limits specified in the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). The results of comet assay parameters such as tail DNA %, tail moment, and olive tail moment confirmed the genotoxic effect of metal(oid)s mixtures on erythrocyte cells compared with control groups and showed that DNA damage increased with increasing the concentrations. The micronucleus and other nuclear abnormalities such as blebbed nuclei, notched nuclei, eightshaped nuclei, lobed nuclei, and binucleated cells were detected in the erythrocyte cells exposed to the mixtures. Consequently, it was found that the frequency of micronucleus and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities significantly increased in the erythrocyte cells exposed to metal(oid) concentrations compared to control groups. These results show the existence of potential genotoxicity in C. carpio even at the minimum values specified in the TSWQR after exposure to the mixtures.

Seasonal Distribution of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) Fauna and Relationship Among Physicochemical Parameters in the Ceyhan Basin

TThis study was carried out in 20 different localities in the spring, summer and autumn periods in 2019 in order to determine the Ephemeroptera fauna of the Ceyhan Basin and to reveal its relationship with some physicochemical parameters. As a result, 971 specimens were examined and 17 species belonging to six families were identified. There is no data on the given taxa in the Ceyhan basin so all taxa are new records for the Ceyhan Basin. According to the Shannon-Wiener (H) diversity index, the highest and lowest diversity values were determined, respectively, in the spring at stations 7th (1.456) and 6th (0.173), in the summer at stations 20th (1.311) and 13th (0.341), and in the autumn at stations 15th (1.102) and 8th (0.457). According to Evenness (E) values, the most homogeneous stations are the 3rd (0.963), 7th (0.973) and 1st (0.945) stations in the same seasonal order, and the stations with the least homogeneity are the 16th (0.529), 16th (0.659) and 8th (0.527) stations. According to cluster analyses, the highest similarities were observed between stations 3rd and 5th in addition to stations 9th,14th,17th,18th and 19th with 100% percentage. Based on the physicochemical parameters measured in accordance with the Surface Water Quality Regulation, the water quality classes of the stations were in high quality water (Class I) and less contaminated (Class II) water. Canonical correspondence analysis was applied to reveal the relationships between Ephemeroptera taxa and physicochemical parameters. 

Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved trace elements and water quality assessment in the Karaca dam, Turkey

This study was performed from January 2017 to December 2017 with taking samples every month from four stations to determine the water quality of Karaca Dam, located in Sinop. The guidelines of the World Health Organization for water quality index (WQI) and Turkey’s Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs specifications for Surface Water Quality Regulations (SWQR) were used in the determination of water quality and 28 variables were analyzed. The quality of the irrigation water was also calculated. This objective, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium percentage, permeability index (PI), and magnesium index were calculated. The average WQI value of the lake was found to be 19.23. It was observed that the water quality parameters did not exceed the restrictions in any stations during the period. According to the results of the research, Karaca Dam is in a good class in terms of drinking water quality and irrigation water. The health risk evaluation, using the hazard ratio and index (HI), was carried out as suggested by USEPA, and it was found that the water of Karaca Dam is not harmful to human health in terms of Pb, Cd, and Hg.

Surface Water Quality Regulation as a Driver for Groundwater Recharge

Water scarcity commonly motivates managed aquifer recharge projects, but other factors can motivate recharge efforts, including in relatively water-rich areas. Surface water quality regulation has been a major driving force behind a large-scale recharge project in development in Virginia’s Coastal Plain region, where nutrient pollution from agricultural and urban sources has degraded the Chesapeake Bay’s ecosystems, leading state and federal regulators to require dischargers to reduce their nutrient contributions to the watershed over time. Hampton Roads Sanitation District is pursuing the Sustainable Water Initiative for Tomorrow, an innovative, multi-benefit initiative designed to address both nutrient pollution in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and regional groundwater overdraft in the Coastal Plain. When fully implemented, the initiative is expected to recharge approximately 100 million gallons per day of drinking-water quality, treated municipal wastewater into the Potomac Aquifer System through injection facilities located at five of the District’s wastewater treatment plants. As a result, the District expects to reduce its nutrient discharges from those plants by approximately 90%, enabling it to meet its own mandated nutrient limits while also generating nutrient credits that it can trade to other dischargers. Modeling suggests that the initiative will increase regional water pressure within the confined aquifer system, helping to combat groundwater overdraft and its negative impacts, including aquifer compaction and related land subsidence, falling water levels in wells, and saltwater intrusion. This case study provides insights into the influence of institutional context on managed aquifer recharge and on multi-benefit water resource projects more generally.

Seasonal changes of some detergent components in surface water of rivers to the Van Lake, Turkey

Morali, Akkopru, and Kurbas Rivers are rivers flowing into Van Lake passing through the highly populated Van City, Turkey. They carry domestic and industrial wastewater to Van Lake. For assessment of the environmental load from these rivers to the lake, a sampling investigation from October 2019 to September 2020 was carried out. Chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and nitrogenous compound levels were also examined. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates ranged up to 0.40 mg L−1 (Kurubas River), the mean phosphate was 0.96 mg L−1, and the mean boron 1.2 mg L−1. According to Turkish surface water quality regulations, while Morali and Akkopru Rivers were determined as class II (less contaminated), Kurubas River was found as class III (polluted).

Marmara denizi körfezlerinin baskı–etki durumu ve ötrofikasyon açısından değerlendirilmesi

Closed or semi-enclosed bays in the Marmara Sea, which have long residence time, can be exposed to eutrophication as a result of organic matter enrichment from land-based pollutants. The Pressure Index method was tested for the first time in this study in order to reveal the pressure exerted by land-based sources on Izmit, Gemlik, Bandırma and Erdek Bays. As a result of the evaluation of the pressures, it was determined that the pressures on Izmit, Gemlik inner and Bandırma Bay were high, whereas Erdek and Gemlik Outer Bays were under moderate pressure. In terms of eutrophication, the nutrient, chlorophyll-a and secchi disk data of the monitoring studies carried out in the bays were compared with the limit values of the “Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation Sensitive” and “Less Sensitive Areas Declaration and the Surface Water Quality Regulation”. Although there are differences according to the regulations, it has been determined that Izmit, Gemlik (Inner) and Bandırma Bays have eutrophic-hypertrophic conditions, Erdek and Gemlik (Outer) Bays have mesotrophic conditions. There are differences in the results due to the use of different variables and limit values in the evaluation of coastal waters by regulations. In addition to collecting regulations under a single heading, it is recommended to include biological quality elements in the eutrophication assessment.

Determination of Some Pesticides Harmful To Environment and Human Health in Bogazköy(Turkey) Dam Water by LC-MS/MS

Abstract: Pesticides are the most dangerous organic pollutants for human and environmental health. These are substances that are harmful to health, the use of which has increased in recent years, to kill pests in agricultural production. The areas of use of pesticides, apart from agricultural activities, are in the fight against mosquitoes, which cause malaria, which creates a significant health problem for human health, in landscape, construction industry, timber protection, forestry, control of aquatic organisms, industrial insect control, food storage, transportation and community hygiene there are multiple uses such as. Excessive intake of the body leads to many diseases, cancer formation, even death. This study, it was aimed to analyze of Atrazin, Chlorfenvinfos, Chlorpyrifos, Diuron, Isoproturon and Simazin pesticides simultaneously with LC-MS/MS, in Boğazköy Dam in Bursa(Turkey) and the branches that feed the dam in Bursa İnegöl district. The samples were taken from 12 locations and were given to LC-MS / MS device by direct injection. Atrazin, Chlorfenvinfos, Chlorpyrifos, Diuron, Isoproturon and Simazin pesticides, which are among the priority substances for surface water resources, were analyzed in the Surface Water Quality Regulation in the dam waters. Environmental quality standards referred to in this regulation are taken as reference points for calibration. For the accuracy of the method, validation studies such as LOD, LOQ, linearity and recovery were performed. As a result, it has been determined that the pesticide derivatives analyzed in the waters feeding Boğazköy Dam and the dam doesn't exceed the limit values of the Environmental Quality Standards, pose no risk in irrigation of agricultural areas and in surface waters.

Assessment of water quality of streams in northeast Turkey by water quality index and multiple statistical methods

A year-long study from May 2018 to April 2019 investigated the spatio-temporal changes in water quality of seven major rivers in the Giresun Province in northeastern Turkey. The results of the analysis were classified according to WHO limit values for drinking water and water quality classes were determined with respect to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). In addition, sodium percentage (% Na), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium hazard (MH), and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values were calculated to evaluate the eligibility of the streams for irrigation purposes. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation index (PCI), cluster analysis (CA), principal components analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) were used to determine the differences and similarities of streams, pollution sources and relations between parameters. As a result of the PCA, four factors accounted for 71.52% of all factors. These factors show that the major changes in water quality parameters were associated with point-based pollution such as wastewater from household and industrial resources, non-point sources such as agricultural activities and natural phenomena such as flooding, rock and soil erosion. The pH values in the range of 7.77 to 9.8 were slightly alkaline compared to the TSWQR range of pH 6–9. In certain months, the average NO2-N values (> 0.06 mg/L) in Batlama Stream, Aksu Stream, Yağlıdere Stream and Gelevera Stream was class III (medium) water quality and mean fluoride values in streams (1 and 1.19 mg/L) were class II water quality according to TSWQR. The levels of anionic surfactants in all streams were class III (polluted) water quality, except for Pazarsuyu Stream with class II (less polluted) water quality. The annual mean water quality index (WQI) values of the streams ranged from 25.69 (excellent) to 32.39 (good). When the water quality was evaluated for irrigation, the SAR, Na%, RSC and MH did not exceed the limit values. Based on these indices it was assessed that settlements and related anthropogenic activities along the riverbanks did not affect the water quality currently. This does not mean that it may not have an effect in the near future.

Tahtalı, Davuldere ve Çayırköy Göletlerinin (Kocaeli) Algleri ve Su Kaliteleri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Bu çalışmada, Şubat 2018-Kasım 2018 tarihleri arasında Tahtalı, Davuldere ve Çayırköy Göletlerinin (Kocaeli) fitoplankton kompozisyonları ve bazı su kalitesi parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Alglerin, baskınlık, sıklık ve çeşitlilik indeksleri (Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, Pielou ve Margalef indeks) tespit edilmiştir. Göletlerde yayılış gösteren fitoplankton taksonları, bu taksonların mevsimsel değişimleri incelenmiştir. Göletlerin algal florasında 26 Bacillariophyta, 10 Chlorophyta, 3 Cyanobacteria, 3 Miozoa, 8 Charophyta, 2 Ochrophyta ve 10 Euglenozoa üyesi olmak üzere toplam 62 takson tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan, Parvodinium goslaviense (Woloszynska) Carty ve Jadwigia neglecta (A.J. Schilling) Moestrup Türkiye tatlısu alg florası için yeni kayıttır. Göletlerde Bacillariophyta grubunun baskın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tahtalı, Davuldere ve Çayırköy göletleri, yerüstü su kalitesi yönetmeliğine’ne göre değerlendirildiğinde, genel olarak I. sınıf su kalitesi özelliğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Tahtalı Göleti çevresinde yapılan tarımsal faaliyetlerden dolayı, Nitrat azotu (NO3‾) biraz yüksek tespit edilmiştir. Margalef indeksi’ne göre, Çayırköy Göletinin en yüksek tür zenginliğe sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Pielou düzenlilik indeksine göre, türler arasında birey sayılarının orta düzenli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Simpson ve Shannon-Weaver indeksine göre, dominantlığın az, tür sayısının çok olduğu belirlenmiştir. Göletler, trofik durum indeksine göre değerlendirildiğinde, göletlerin trofik durumunun orta -iyi kalite su özelliğine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Seasonal Change of Physicochemical Properties of Kayalıköy Reservoir (Kıklareli/Turkey) and Determination of Water Quality

This study was carried out in the Kayalıköy reservoir (Kırklareli, Turkey), that is used for agricultural irrigation and aquaculture and to provide drinking and domestic water supply of Edirne province. The study was performed at 3 stations determined in the reservoir during a year from May 2018 to April 2019. The water samples were taken with Ruttner water sample bottles from 15 to 20 cm below the water surface. Water temperature, Secchi disk depth, conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured on-site simultaneously with the sampling time. Other physicochemical parameters were analyzed in the laboratory. A total of 43 physicochemical parameters were measured in the Kayalıköy reservoir. Analysis results obtained are compared with Regulation on Modification of Surface Water Quality Management (RSWQM) and Regulation on the Quality and Treatment of Water Provided for Drinking Water (RDWQ). According to the average values of the analysis results the water quality in Kayalıköy reservoir determined generally to be Class I and A1 water. In conclusion, Kayalıköy reservoir has water suitable for drinking, agricultural irrigation, and aquaculture and was classified as having oligomesotrophic character.

Sinop Karasu Çayı fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve mikrobiyolojik kirliliğinin araştırılması

Amaç: Kentleşmenin ve sosyoekonomik faaliyetlerin her geçen gün artması, evrende doğal kaynakların kirlenmesine ve bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki Küre Dağları'nın Gündüzlü Ormanlarından doğan ve Sinop'un 8 km batısındaki Akliman sahilinden Karadeniz'e dökülen Karasu Çayı’nın su kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Karasu Çayı’nın sıcaklık, karbondioksit, pH, alkalinite, çözünmüş oksijen, iletkenlik, oksidasyon-redüksiyon potansiyeli, klorür, biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, amonyum azotu, hidrojen sülfür, organik madde, toplam askıda katı madde parametreleri ile Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform değerleri Mayıs 2014'ten Nisan 2015'e kadar her ay takip edilerek mevsimsel durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Karasu Çayı’nın Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform yükü en düşük kış mevsiminde (4. istasyon), en yüksek yaz mevsiminde (1. istasyon) tespit edilmiştir. Su örneklerinin analizi BOI5, NH4+-N, OM, Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform ortalama değerlerinin mevsimler ve istasyonlar arasında istatistiksel farklılıkları anlamlı (P <0.05) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sıcaklık, CO2, pH, ÇO, alkalinite ve H2S değerleri mevsimler arası önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterirken (P <0.05), istasyonlar arası farklılık (P >0.05) olmamıştır. Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonuçları Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği ile karşılaştırıldığında nehir suyunun Toplam koliform (I.-II. Sınıf) ve Fekal koliform (II.-III. Sınıf) yükünün sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağının ÇO değerinin düşük ve H2S, F. Koliform değerlerinin yüksek değerlerde seyrettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun su kaynağında ötrofikasyonun başlamasına ya da artışına sebep olabilme ihtimalini güçlendirmektedir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliklerini sağlayabilmek için, sucul ortamların daha fazla bozulmalarının engellenmesi gerekmekte ve su kaynaklarının korunmasının sağlanması, konunun ön plana çıkarılmasıyla mümkün olabilir.