Surface Structure Research Articles

The Interplay between Dynamics and Structure on the Dielectric Tensor of Nanoconfined Water: Surface Charge and Salinity Effect.

Under confinement, the water dielectric constant is a second-order tensor with an abnormally low out-of-plane element. In our work, we investigate the dielectric tensor of an aqueous NaCl solution confined by a quartz slit-pore. The static dielectric constant is determined from local polarization density fluctuations via molecular dynamics simulations. In a pioneering investigation, we evaluate not only the effect of salinity but also surface charge. The parallel dielectric constant decreases with salinity due to dielectric saturation. From a dynamic perspective, the relaxation of water dipoles is slower within the hydration shells of ions. An anisotropic arrangement on the quartz surface results in preferred orientations of interfacial water molecules. By embedding charge, the surface structure changes, and extra dipole fluctuations in one direction may develop anisotropy in the parallel dielectric constant at the interface. Both surface charge and salinity increase the perpendicular dielectric constant. Nevertheless, the surface charge effect is more pronounced and may even recover the bulk dielectric constant value. The electric field established by the charged surface may disturb the planar hydrogen bond network at the interface, increasing out-of-plane dipolar fluctuations. Our work advances the knowledge of confined dielectric behavior, shedding light on the key role that charged surfaces play.

Semantic-spatial feature-fused cortical surface parcellation: a scale-unified spatial learning network with boundary contrastive loss.

The cortical surface parcellation provides prior guidance for studying mental disorders and human cognition. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained popularity in this task to preserve its spatial structure. However, previous GNNs struggled to effectively exploit the information contained in the complex spatial structure of the cortical surface and generally encountered an uneven node distribution issue. Meanwhile, labeling boundary nodes was also identified as a widespread problem in this task. Accordingly, this paper develops a scale-unified spatial learning network with a boundary contrastive loss (SSLNet) for cortical surface parcellation. Its core is the scale-unified spatial learning module. It devises neighbor feature extraction and aggregation strategies by fully integrating spatial coordinates and semantic structure to learn effective spatial features of local neighborhoods. More importantly, spatial scale unification is incorporated into this module to mitigate the negative effect on spatial learning caused by node distribution differences among local areas. Additionally, a universal boundary contrastive loss is constructed, enhancing the feature discriminability of boundary nodes by constraining them to be close to the same class nodes and apart from different class nodes in the feature space. It considerably improves boundary performance without increasing parameters or changing the network structure. Experiments regarding public Mindboggle demonstrate that the dice score and accuracy of SSLNet achieve and , respectively, surpassing existing methods.

Sulfur dioxide gas sensor based on vanadium oxide doped TiO2 nanopaper

Abstract The gas sensor based on TiO2 nanomaterials is promising for both industry and daily life because of its simple fabrication, low cost, high sensitivity, and easy application to micro-devices. However, its selectivity is relatively low and strongly influenced by the environment, thus limiting its practical application. In this work, we prepared TiO2 nanopaper by methods of hydrothermal synthesis and conventional paper preparation. To improve the selectivity, we added V2O5 by immersing the as-prepared nanopaper in an ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) solution evenly dispersed in ethanol. Nanopaper is a random array of long nanowires and nanofibers, which retains its shape and structure at high temperature, unlike pure nanowires, due to its high porosity and mechanical stability. V2O5 leads to a selective sensing performance with high catalytic activity for SO2 gas. The surface structure of the sensing material and its porosity were characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS. The improved sensing material exhibited a high response of about 22.6 for 100 ppm SO2 and a fast response and recovery of 9 s and 14 s, respectively. It also exhibited good reproducibility and selectivity in other interfering gases. Furthermore, the long-term sensing performance in the atmospheric environment was maintained for about 50 days.

Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from endophytic Aspergillus parasiticus and their antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo

BackgroundMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a drug-resistant and biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria with severe morbidity and mortality. MRSA showed resistance against currently available antibiotics. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel effective treatments with minimal side effects to eliminate MRSA.AimIn this study, we aimed to mycosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the endophytic fungus Aspergillus parasiticus isolated from leaves of Reseda Arabica and to examine their antibacterial activity against MRSA.ResultsScreening of fungal secondary metabolites using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of high content of bioactive compounds with antibacterial activities. AP-AgNPs were mycosynthesized for the first time using ethyl acetate extract of A. parasiticus and characterized by imaging (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)). The agar well diffusion method revealed the antibacterial activity of AP-AgNPs against MRSA with 25 μg/mL of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). AP-AgNPs were shown to exert antibacterial action via a bactericidal mechanism based on flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy assessment. Our data demonstrated the effective interaction of AP-AgNPs with the bacterial cell membrane, which resulted in cell membrane damage and disruption of cell surface structure. Furthermore, AP-AgNPs successfully prevented the development of MRSA biofilms by disturbing cell adhesion and destructing mature biofilm reaching over 80% clearance rate. Interestingly, topical application of AP-AgNPs to superficial skin infection induced by MRSA in mice effectively promoted wound healing and suppressed bacterial burden.ConclusionOur results provide a novel green nanoparticle drug design with effective therapeutic potential against MRSA-induced skin infection.

Enhanced Platinum-Based Thin-Film Catalysts for Electro-Oxidation of Methanol

Surface morphology is one of the critical factors affecting the performance of electrocatalysts. Thus, with careful manipulation of the surface structures at the atomic level, the effectiveness of the catalyst can be significantly improved. Heat treatment is an effective method for inducing surface atom rearrangement, hence modifying the catalyst’s characteristics. This study investigated the substrate’s influence and the effect of thermal annealing on the morphology and surface reconstruction of platinum (Pt) thin-film catalysts. Our findings indicate that heat treatment in a reductive atmosphere (95% Ar + 5% H2) at 300 °C can significantly impact the degree of rearrangement of surface atoms. This process induces long-range ordering, resulting in domains with a high proportion of (111) and (100) sites without an epitaxial template. Considering that the reactivity of low-index platinum single crystals for the methanol oxidation reaction follows the following sequence Pt(111) < Pt(110) < Pt(100), increasing the proportion of (100) planes leads to a notable enhancement (up to three times) in performance, compared to untreated catalysts. Furthermore, considering the amount of precious metal consumed, a mass-specific current density obtained on annealed Pt@Ni is larger by one order of magnitude and ~2 times that obtained on Pt@Cr and Pt@GCox catalysts, respectively. Our results demonstrate that an easy-to-implement way of controlling atomic orientations improves catalyst performance. With this contribution, we propose a method for designing improved electrocatalysts, as catalytic reactions occur only at the surface.

Effects of Different Pre-Treatments on Local Pineapple Leaf as a Potential Substrate for the Production of Value-Added Products

Lignocellulosic biomass such as pineapple leaves can be applied as substrates in various biochemical processes such as solid-state fermentation to produce industrially important enzymes or other value-added products. However, recalcitrant nature of the biomass hinders the accessibility of cellulose for enzymatic hydrolysis in yielding high amounts of the intended products. In order to overcome this obstacle, pre-treatment is necessary as to loosen the lignocellulose structure to ease accessibility of enzymes and biodegradability of the biomass. In this study, local pineapple leaves were subjected to different methods of pre-treatments which are thermal pre-treatment by autoclaving, and chemical pre-treatments involving treatments with alkaline solutions (1% and 1.5% (w/v) sodium hydroxide) as well as acid solutions (1% and 1.5% (v/v) hydrochloric acid). Scanning Electron Microscopy was conducted to compare and study the effect of different pre-treatments on morphological changes of raw and pre-treated leaves. The obtained results revealed that the biomass was severely affected by 1.5% (v/v) hydrochloric acid solution as the surface structure was vigorously ruptured and more aggregated cracks were clearly visible in most parts, compared to the surface morphologies observed on raw samples and samples with other pre-treatment methods.

Effects of Particle Shape and Surface Structure on the Adsorption Properties of Polystyrene Microplastics

Model spherical polystyrene particles are studied to understand the interactions of microplastics with organic pollutants. Analysis of the experimental results presented in the literature is complicated since researchers use different types and concentrations of particles, durations of tests, etc. In addition, there is little information on the effect of the structure of the surface layer of polystyrene particles on the processes under study, and the question of the effect of the shape of polystyrene particles remains open. Here, we present the first results of a model experiment to study the effect of the shape and structure of the surface layer of polystyrene microspheres and non-spherical particles of 2 to 5 μm in size on the sorption properties in relation to model molecules of rhodamine B as a model organic pollutant. The properties of both the initial model polystyrene particles and the modified ones were studied by optical, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy, as well as using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET). The sorption process was studied by spectrophotometry, and the analysis of sorption curves was carried out using the Langmuir model. It is shown that the shape of polystyrene model particles does not have a significant effect on the sorption capacity. At the same time, the sorption processes of rhodamine B molecules are determined by the structure of the surface layer, which can be changed, for example, by exposing the polystyrene microspheres to N,N′-dimethylformamide.

Bioinspired Antireflective and Antifogging Surface for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Solar Cells.

Photovoltaic devices are essentially solar energy collectors that convert incident photons into charge carriers. However, light reflection losses and external factors (e.g., fog) can lead to an inefficient utilization of incident photons. Therefore, the development of antifogging surface materials that can efficiently reduce reflection is a critical issue in the upgradation of photovoltaic devices. Herein, inspired by the wing scale structures of butterfly Trogonoptera brookiana, an antireflective and antifogging surface (BRFS) was prepared by a method combining biotemplate and sol-gel. Remarkably, the BRFS possesses a relatively large surface roughness and exhibits superhydrophilic property (static water contact angle of 0°), which can quickly split fog droplet film within 6.6 s to realize the antifogging effect. In addition, the final transmittance of BRFS is as high as 90.25%. Furthermore, as an application demonstration, BRFS was applied to the surface of the reverse organic solar cells. Without compromising the inherent performance of the panels, the BRFS enhances the electrical performance of the inverted solar panels by 18%. This work provides a simple and effective strategy for designing surfaces with superior antifogging and antireflective properties and offers significant potential value for the practical application of photoelectric devices.

Mechanical and surface characterisation of additively manufactured polyetheretherketone for the tribo test

Purpose The additive manufacturing process, such as fused filament fabrication based on material extrusion, fabricates the samples layer-by-layer. The various parameters in the process significantly affect the dimensions, structure and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the surface and mechanical properties that can affect the contact characteristics with other materials during tribological tests. Design/methodology/approach The investigation of 3D-printed Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) includes the measurement of dimensions, microhardness, surface roughness, surface energy and tensile strength to define material characteristics. The crystallinity is measured using an X-ray diffractometer to understand the hardness behaviour. Findings The printing parameters affect its surface roughness, hardness and crystallinity. This change in parameters such as layer thickness and infill density impacts mechanical properties such as hardness and surface roughness, which will influence the contact mechanism with the counter body during any tribological test. The change in a single parameter during the sample fabrication and the change in the surface and mechanical properties are observed. Research limitations/implications The material cost plays an important role in conducting numerous destructive tests, which is a major limitation to conducting parameter optimisation by varying more parameters. The study is limited to the as-fabricated samples rather than finished samples and without any heat treatment. Achieving optimal parameters is integral to the success of additive manufacturing, ensuring the production of components with consistent performance. Practical implications The study aims at the application of 3D-printed PEEK for bush or journal bearings that can be directly used in practice. The mechanical properties discussed in this paper can fill the gap between theory and practice. Social implications The research provides all fundamental properties, including the printing parameters and their effect on the dimensions and surface structure, which are required to understand the material and its use. The results are consistent as at least four samples were tested for tribological behaviour. The conclusion is updated as per suggestions. Originality/value The study outlines the relationship between the change in layer thickness and infill density with changes in surface energy, surface roughness, hardness and tensile strength. The deformation and adhesion during the friction test depend on these properties.

Effects of Titanate on Brake Wear Particle Emission Using a Brake Material Friction Test Dynamometer

We investigated the effect of lepidocrocite-type layered titanate, which is compounded in brake pads, to reduce brake particle emissions. The dust reduction effect of titanate was evaluated using a small-scale inertial brake material friction test dynamometer. The results suggested that brake particle emissions are related to the microphysical structure of the pad surface, such as the uniformity of the friction film and secondary plateau formation, and that friction materials containing titanate contribute significantly to reducing both particle mass (PM) and particle number (PN) emissions of brake particles in both non-asbestos organic (NAO) and low-steel (LS) pads. In particular, LS pads generally have a problem of having more brake particles than NAO pads, but this study found that brake particles can be significantly reduced by compounding titanate instead of tin sulfide.

Molecular level insights on the pulsed electrochemical CO2 reduction.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interface is sensitive to both the potential and concentration polarization. Compared to static electrolysis at a fixed potential, pulsed electrolysis with alternating anodic and cathodic potentials is an intriguing approach that not only reconstructs the surface structure, but also regulates the local pH and mass transport from the electrolyte side in the immediate vicinity of the cathode. Herein, via a combined online mass spectrometry investigation with sub-second temporal resolution and 1-dimensional diffusion profile simulations, we reveal that heightened surface CO2 concentration promotes CO2RR over H2 evolution for both polycrystalline Ag and Cu electrodes after anodic pulses. Moreover, mild oxidative pulses generate a roughened surface topology with under-coordinated Ag or Cu sites, delivering the best CO2-to-CO and CO2-to-C2+ performance, respectively. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy elucidates the potential dependence of *CO and *OCHO species on Ag as well as the gradually improved *CO consumption rate over under-coordinated Cu after oxidative pulses, directly correlating apparent CO2RR selectivity with dynamic interfacial chemistry at the molecular level.

Improvement of mechanical performance via interfacial strengthening of carbon fiber‐epoxy reinforced hybrid laminate by incorporation of functionalized graphene nanoplatelet interphase

AbstractThis study is an attempt to develop high‐quality hybrid composites via functionalization (for homogeneous distribution) of the graphene nanoplatelets (FGNP) and then doping to carbon fiber reinforced especial aviation epoxy matrix (Araldite LY5052) via vacuum bagging molding (VBM). The utilized materials were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, tensile, impact, hardness tests, and fracture mode analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results revealed a 92% (502.5 MPa) and 85% (490 MPa) improvement in tensile strength values by doping the 1 and 1.5 wt% FGNPs, respectively. There was an improvement in impact strength with the addition of FGNP; a 28% (3.23 J/mm2) increase was achieved in the nanocomposite with 1 wt% FGNP added, and there was a decrease again in the nanocomposite with 1.5 wt% FGNP added. However, it was still 12% (2.83 J/mm2) better than the neat composite. In addition, the results of examining the fractured surface structures of the impact and tensile test specimens were compatible with these results. It reveals a significant separation of fiber‐matrix bonds with 1.5 wt% FGNP contribution. While tensile and impact strengths peak at 1 wt% FGNP value and decrease afterward, hardness values increase in parallel with the increase in FGNPs.Highlights Composites were developed by functionalized graphene nanoplatelets (FGNP). The fiber‐matrix interface was strengthened with FGNP interphase. A 92% tensile strength increase was achieved with 1 wt% FGNP additives. 28% in impact strength and 55% in hardness increase by 1 wt% FGNP. The morphology confirmed that the FGNP interphase filled the interface.

Ginger Essential Oil Exerts Antibacterial Activity Against Shewanella putrefaciens by Disrupting Cell Structure and Resisting Biofilm

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism and antibiofilm activity of ginger essential oil (GEO) against Shewanella putrefaciens. On the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), alkaline phosphatase (AKPase), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities were analyzed to evaluate the damage degree of S. putrefaciens on cell wall and membrane, and the microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to evaluate the action effect against S. putrefaciens. The results showed that the MIC and MBC of GEO against S. putrefaciens were 27.8125 mg/mL and 55.625 mg/mL, respectively. The surface structures and cell membrane of S. putrefaciens were rigorously damaged by 1 MIC and 2 MIC GEO, leading to the leakage of cellular nucleic acids, protein, and β‐galactosidases from the bacterial cells. GEO could not only decrease the biomass of biofilm but also remove mature biofilm. In addition, GEO could reduce the production of exopolysaccharides and extracellular proteins, and could lessen the metabolic activity of biofilm cells. These results demonstrated that GEO exhibited efficient antibacterial characteristics against S. putrefaciens, which could act as a natural antibacterial and antibiofilm agent on the preservation of aquatic products.

Tracking the Facet Transformation of CeO2 by 17O Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance.

CeO2 nanomaterials expose various crystal facets with distinct surface geometry, resulting in different surface reactivities and material behaviors that ultimately determine their performances and suitability for a wide range of applications. Here, we apply 17O solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to follow the facet transformation of CeO2 at increased temperatures, observing a transition from (100) to (110) and finally to the more stable (111), based on the characteristic NMR shifts associated with the unique surface structure of each facet. In addition, we explore the effects of Pt ions on the conversion of different facets, which are found to promote the formation of the thermally stable (111) facet. Furthermore, 17O solid-state NMR provides a semiquantitative method for measuring the fractions of exposed facets. This work offers new insights and a more comprehensive understanding of crystal facet structures, and the new approach can be readily extended to study the facets of other oxide-based materials.

Selective Ablation and Laser-Induced Periodical Surface Structures (LIPSS) Produced on (Ni/Ti) Nano Layer Thin Film with Ultra-Short Laser Pulses

The interaction of ultra-short laser pulses (USLP) with Nickel/Titanium (Ni/Ti) thin film has been presented. The nano layer thin film (NLTF), composed of ten alternating Ni and Ti layers, was deposited on silicon (Si) substrate by ion-sputtering. A single and multi-pulse irradiation was performed in air with focused and linearly polarized laser pulses. For achieving selective ablation of one or more surface layers, without reaching the Si substrate, single pulse energy was gradually increased from near the ablation threshold value to an energy value that caused the complete removal of the NLTF. In addition to single-pulse selective ablation, the multi-pulse USLP irradiation and production of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) were also studied. In the presented experiment, we found the optimal combination of accumulated pulse number and pulse energy to achieve the LIPSS formation on the thin film. The laser-induced morphology was examined with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical profilometry. To interpret the experimental observations, a theoretical simulation has been performed to explore the thermal response of the NLTFs after irradiation with single laser pulses.

Improvement in an Analytical Approach for Modeling the Melting Process in Single-Screw Extruders

Most single-screw extruders used in the plastics processing industry are plasticizing extruders, designed to melt solid pellets or powders within the screw channel during processing. In many cases, the efficiency of the melting process acts as the primary throughput-limiting factor. If the material melts too late in the process, it may not be sufficiently mixed, resulting in substandard product quality. Accurate prediction of the melting process is therefore essential for efficient and cost-effective machine design. A practical method for engineers is the modeling of the melting process using mathematical–physical models that can be solved without complex numerical methods. These models enable rapid calculations while still providing sufficient predictive accuracy. This study revisits the modified Tadmor model by Potente, which describes the melting process and predicts the delay-zone length, extending from the hopper front edge to the point of melt pool formation. Based on extensive experimental investigations, this model is adapted by redefining the flow temperatures at the phase boundary and accounting for surface porosity at the beginning of the melting zone. Additionally, the effect of variable solid bed dynamics on model accuracy is examined. Significant model improvements were achieved by accounting for reduced heat flow into the solid bed due to the porous surface structure in the solid conveying zone, along with a new assumption for the flow temperature at the phase boundary between the solid bed and melt film.

Influence of Cu and Co addition on metallurgical and wear characteristics of AlCrFeNi high entropy alloy

The creation of new alloys with improved qualities has become essential in modern industries for high-performance materials. This work’s main objective is to use vacuum arc melting (VAM) to synthesize two different high-entropy alloys (HEAs): AlCrFeNiCu and AlCrFeNiCo. The mechanical properties, phase composition, grain boundaries, and alloy composition of the HEAs were studied. The predominant crystal structure, the Body-Centred Cubic (BCC) phase was obtained for both alloys. Significantly, the Co-containing HEA showed a smaller particle size than the Cu-containing HEA, which led to a 14.21% increase in microhardness. It indicates that the Co-based HEA will likely perform better than the Cu-based HEA in applications prone to abrasion, and indentation, and requiring high hardness levels based on the observed microstructure and hardness parameters. According to wear surface morphology studies, main effects analysis and ANOVA show that increasing loads and sliding distances increase wear rate, whereas sliding velocity has less effect. The best wear rate-reducing parameters are 10 N, 0.5 m/s, and 500 m for Cu-containing HEAs, and the same can be predicted using regression analysis. The study categorizes the intricate worn surface structure by describing different surface properties and wear mechanisms, such as grooves, delamination, adhesive wear, and pitting.

Unveiling the fundamentals of flow boiling heat transfer enhancement on structured surfaces.

Micro- and nanostructured surfaces offer the potential to enhance two-phase heat transfer. However, the mechanisms behind these enhancements are not well-understood due to insufficient diagnostic methods, leading to reliance on trial-and-error surface development. We introduce in situ boroscopy to investigate microscale bubble dynamics during flow boiling nucleation and subsequent flow regime development. This method was applied in saturated flow boiling experiments within chemically etched aluminum and copper tubes. Although the surfaces have self-similar surface structures, our findings revealed varied heat transfer coefficient enhancements, with increases of up to 391% on aluminum and 41% on copper. Using boroscopy, we identified key mechanisms of heat transfer enhancement. We further used mercury porosimetry to determine the impact of pore size distribution on thermal performance. The boroscopy technique introduced here not only elucidates the underlying processes of flow boiling heat transfer enhancement but also has potential applications for the study of other two-phase phenomena.

Enhanced H2S removal efficiency using CuO/Al2O3 catalyst impregnated with Ca(NO3)2: Influence of calcination temperature and mechanistic insights

A series of Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 catalysts with different calcination temperatures were designed to remove H2S effectively. Experimental and characterization results indicate that the calcination temperature can influence the catalyst's specific surface area, basic sites, and oxygen vacancies (VOs) concentration, thereby promoting its desulfurization performance. The Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 catalyst, calcined at 230 °C, exhibits an optimal surface structure. It demonstrates optimal H2S desulfurization performance at a temperature of 60 °C and relative humidity of 60 %, achieving a removal capacity of 486.67 mg/g. The VOs in CuxO (CuO and Cu2O) induce a unique catalytic of H2O, which generates hydroxy radicals (·OH) to oxidize the H2S anion to S. The introduction of Ca2+ provides basic sites to buffer pH, and NO3- with H+ removes H2S through cyclic oxidation, significantly enhancing the desulfurization performance of the Cu-based catalyst. The CaO-CuxO/Al2O3 catalyst, calcined at 700 °C, suffers from a deteriorated catalyst structure, leading to the rapid formation of desulfurization by-products due to the presence of CaO covering the catalyst surface. This diminishes the effectiveness of Cu, significantly impairing the catalyst's desulfurization performance (150.47 mg/g). Consequently, desulfurization mechanisms of Ca(NO3)2-CuxO/Al2O3 and CaO-CuxO/Al2O3 are proposed, offering effective strategies for the design and optimization of subsequent high-efficiency catalysts.

Bio-inspired carbon-based artificial muscle with precise and continuous morphing capabilities

Abstract In the face of advancements in micro-robotics, intelligent control, and precision medicine, artificial muscle actuation systems must meet demands for precise control, high stability, environmental adaptability, and high integration miniaturization. Carbon materials, with their lightweight, high strength, conductivity, and flexibility, show great potential for artificial muscles. Inspired by the butterfly's proboscis, we have developed a carbon-based artificial muscle, HsGDY-M, fabricated efficiently using an emerging hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) film with an asymmetrical surface structure. This muscle features reversible, rapid, and continuously adjustable deformation capabilities similar to the butterfly's proboscis, triggered by the conversion of carbon bonds. The size of the HsGDY-M can be tuned by tailoring the HsGDY film width from ∼1 cm to 100 µm. Our research demonstrates HsGDY-M's stability and adaptability, maintaining performance at temperatures as low as -25°C. This artificial muscle was successfully integrated into a robotic mechanical arm, allowing it to swiftly adjust its posture and lift objects up to 11 times its own weight. Its beneficial responsiveness is transferable, enabling the transformation of “inert” objects like copper foil into actuators via surface bonding. Since its super sensitive and rapid deformation, HsGDY-M was applied to create a real-time tracking system for human finger bending movements, achieving real-time simulation and large-hand-to-small-hand control. Our study indicates that HsGDY-M holds significant promise for advancing smart robotics and precision medicine.