Surface Structure Research Articles

One-Step Carbonization Synthesis of N, S Co-Doped Carbon Materials Derived from Agricultural Waste Peanut Shells for High-Performance Symmetric Supercapacitors.

Biomass carbon has the advantages of wide source, low cost and environmental protection, and has been widely used in the field of electrochemical energy storage. In this work, N and S co-doped carbon materials were prepared by using peanut shell as carbon source and thiourea as activator. When the peanut shell and activator were 2 g and 4 g, respectively, the prepared NSPC-4 had the largest specific surface area and special pore structure. Elemental analysis showed that the activator introduced more N, S and O atoms to the carbon material, and more heteroatoms helped to improve the surface structure of the carbon material and provide additional pseudocapacitance. In addition, NSPC-4 contains a short-range ordered graphite structure, which can provide excellent electrical conductivity. The electrochemical test results show that NSPC-4 has the largest specific capacitance. When the mass of the activator is higher than or below 4 g, the electrochemical performance of the carbon material will be reduced. The symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) assembled by NSPC-4 has an energy density of 8.3 Wh kg-1 when the power density is 350 W kg-1. The synthesis method is not only simple, green and economical, but also has important application value.

Study on the influence of material properties in femtosecond laser ablation of 6H-SiC in water and SERS-based applications

We report on the formation of SiC nanoparticles coated with graphene oxide layers by femtosecond (fs) laser ablation of 6H-SiC (n-type and semi-insulating V-doped) in deionized water. Distinct structural features were observed in the surrounding matrix of colloidal spherical nanoparticles. This corresponds to the formation of micro-nanostructures of silicene sheets in the colloidal suspension. Further, the formation of subwavelength (∼λ/8) high spatial frequency laser-induced periodic surface structures (HSFL) is noticed on the ablated SiC surface. The variation in the size and periodicity of LIPSS is noted among two SiC targets with different resistivities. The study continued to investigate the morphology of furnace annealed (FA) and rapid thermal annealed (RTA) Au-deposited LIPSS towards sensing applications based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. The formation of fine spherical Au nanoparticles is observed in the case of RTA samples, which exhibited predominant SERS enhancement in trace detection of the explosive analyte, Tetryl. This study on SiC using fs laser pulses unveils the uniqueness of SiC material in the ablation process, especially in producing the LIPSS and silicon-carbon-based nanoparticles/nanostructures that can be tailored for diverse applications.

Fabrication of a bimodal micro/nanoporous copper cladding layer by the high-speed laser cladding and dealloying

The Cu30Mn70 cladding layer was prepared by high-speed laser cladding technology and successfully combined with chemical dealloying method to prepare a bimodal micro/nanoporous copper coating. The 0.1 M HCl solution was experimentally determined as the dealloying solution. During the dealloying, the Mn-rich regions were preferentially corroded and formed micron pores in situ; the remaining regions served as a framework to form nanoporous structures on both sides. With increasing time, the transformation of the nanoporous structure led to micron ligaments thinning or fracture, resulting in the structural collapse of the bimodal microporous/nanoporous copper coating surface. Repeated oxidation-dissolution processes on the surface accelerate the structural collapse of the surface and inhibit the demanganization layer thickness growth. The same structure was formed in the cross-sectional direction, with no structural collapse due to continuous H+ consumption and low corrosivity in the micropores. The bimodal microporous/nanoporous copper coatings remained highly porosity and rapidly increased in thickness to 340 μm from 24 to 72 h. After 72 h, the surface structure started to collapse and the growth of the demanganization layer thickness slowed down.

Surface structures and wettability: Their roles in enhancing nucleate boiling heat transfer of refrigerants

Nucleate boiling is an effective heat transfer mechanism. Previous studies have demonstrated that modifying surface structure or wettability can independently improve nucleate boiling efficiency; however, the combined effects and optimal modification sequence remain underexplored. This research aims to comprehensively analyze the influence of surface structure and wettability on the nucleate boiling heat transfer performance of refrigerants. Different surface structures and wettability were prepared using surface polishing, laser ablation, mechanical cutting, and a combination that involved initially employing laser ablation, followed by the application of chemical etching, and finishing with the treatment using materials possessing low surface energy. The static contact angles on these surfaces were measured via the capillary rise method, followed by pool boiling experiments and bubble behavior visualization. The results show that increasing surface wettability can enhance bubble departure frequency and capillary wicking, thereby improving critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. The key to optimizing surface modification to enhance critical heat flux involves constructing alternating high and low nucleation core regions to reduce interactions between bubbles; for enhancing heat transfer coefficient, the key lies in constructing compact nanoscale structures that expand the heat transfer and nucleation area, followed by improving wettability.

SAT solver-driven approach for validating local electron counting rule

Determining large, complex surface structures is essential for understanding and modeling crystal growth. For semiconductor surfaces, the electron counting (EC) rule is known to be useful for predicting surface stability. In this study, a scheme is proposed to automatically determine if a sampled surface structure locally satisfies the EC rule using a Boolean Satisfiability Problem (SAT) solver. This automatic determination is demonstrated on the GaN(0001)-(6 × 6) surface system with H and Ga adsorption as an example. The scheme is also applicable to the automatic generation of surface structures that are expected to be relatively stable, and is expected to accelerate the study of large and complex surface structures of various semiconductor materials.

Catalytic degradation of stable benzene molecules under room temperature conditions over Pt-loaded boron-carbon-nitride (Pt/BCN) catalysts

The catalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as benzene via ring-opening at room temperature is challenging due to the presence of π-bonds in the ring-forming carbon atoms. This study involved the preparation of a novel Pt-loaded boron-carbon-nitride (Pt/BCN) catalyst containing single-atom active sites for efficient catalysis of benzene degradation at room temperature in air. The micromorphology, surface structure, and coordination environment of the catalyst were analyzed using characterization techniques including aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (AC–HAADF–STEM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The degradation mechanism was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The experimental results demonstrate that Pt/BCN contains many Pt-N4 single-atom active sites that can generate hydroxyl radicals under room-temperature air conditions, leading to the oxidation of benzene to CO2 and H2O. Containing atomically dispersed active-site catalysts developed in this study offer a theoretical foundation for designing catalyst active centers in related fields and advancing the industrial application of room-temperature, low-carbon VOCs treatment technologies.

Effect of ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction on functional properties and flavor characteristics of Oyster protein enzymatic hydrolysates

To address the delamination phenomenon during storage and flavor characteristics of Oyster protein hydrolysates (OPH). In this study, xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) were selected to covalently graft with OPH through ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction, and the effect of ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction on the structure, functional properties, and flavor characteristics of OPH were investigated. The results revealed that the ultrasound treatment led to a 1.46-fold increase in the degree of grafting compared with the conventional wet-heat Maillard reaction methods. Structural analyses at various levels indicated substantial alterations in the OPH structure following the ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction. More ordered α-helical secondary structures were shifting to random coiling, the tertiary structure showed more stretching changes, and the surface structure was characterized by loose and porous features. Compared with OPH, the solubility of the ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction products (OPH-U-M) increased from 54.67% to 70.14%, leading to a notable enhancement in storage stability. Flavor profile analysis demonstrated a decrease in unsaturated aldehydes and ketones presenting fishy and bitter aromas, while an increase in presenting meat aroma compounds was observed in OPH-U-M. Furthermore, OPH-U-M exhibited superior antioxidant properties with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities enhancing 46.05% and 42.09% in comparison with OPH, respectively. The results demonstrated that covalently binding with XOS under ultrasonication pretreatment endowed OPH with superior functional properties (including solubility, storage stability, and antioxidant activity), and the improvement of flavor profile. This study can provide theoretical guidance and practical implications for promoting the processing applications of oyster protein.

Classifying the clouds of Venus using unsupervised machine learning

Because Venus is completely shrouded by clouds, they play an important role in the planet’s atmospheric dynamics. Studying the various morphological features observed on satellite imagery of the Venusian clouds is crucial to understanding not only the dynamic atmospheric processes, but also interactions between the planet’s surface structures and atmosphere. While attempts at manually categorizing and classifying these features have been made many times throughout Venus’ observational history, they have been limited in scope and prone to subjective bias. We therefore present and investigate an automated, objective, and scalable approach for their classification using unsupervised machine learning that can leverage full datasets of past, ongoing, and future missions.To achieve this, we introduce a novel framework to generate nadir observation patches of Venus’ clouds at fixed consistent scales from satellite imagery data of the Venus Express and Akatsuki missions. Such patches are then divided into classes using an unsupervised machine learning approach that consists of encoding the patch images into feature vectors via a convolutional neural network trained on the patch datasets and subsequently clustering the obtained embeddings using hierarchical agglomerative clustering.We find that our approach demonstrates considerable accuracy when tested against a curated benchmark dataset of Earth cloud categories, is able to identify meaningful classes for global-scale (3000km) cloud features on Venus and can detect small-scale (25km) wave patterns. However, at medium scales (∼500km) challenges are encountered, as available resolution and distinctive features start to diminish and blended features complicate the separation of well defined clusters.

Synthesis and evaluation of an environmentally friendly phosphorus-free and nitrogen-free polymer as a scale and corrosion inhibitor

Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) was modified by glycidyl (Gly) to obtain a phosphate-free and nitrogen-free polymer (Gly-PESA), and its scale and corrosion inhibition properties were studied.The effects of Gly-PESA concentration, calcium ion concentration and temperature to scale inhibition performance were studied by static scale inhibition method. The corrosion inhibition performance of Gly-PESA was studied by static weight-loss method. The morphology and structure of calcium scale and steel surface were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The scale inhibition efficiency of Gly-PESA for CaCO3 and CaSO4 was 98.06% and 92.6%, respectively. Under the same experimental conditions, the scale inhibition effect of Gly-PESA was obviously better than that of PESA. Gly-PESA could effectively inhibit the growth of CaCO3 and CaSO4 crystals and cause their crystal lattice distortion or crystal dispersion. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of Gly-PESA for carbon steel was 78.17%. The adsorption of Gly-PESA on the surface of the steel test piece followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and formed a protective film, which increased the corrosion resistance of the steel test piece, thus effectively protecting the steel test piece. Therefore, Gly-PESA was a green scale and corrosion inhibitor, which solved the problem of environmental pollution.

Water-induced Surface Ordering Facilitating the Microcutting of Ductile Metals

Metal cutting is a crucial process in modern manufacturing. Enhancing the machinability of metals can significantly improve their production efficiency and surface integrity. Coating surface-active media (SAM) on the free surface of the metals before cutting is an easy method to improve machinability, which usually pertains to the category of the renowned Rehbinder effect. However, the existing SAM are usually hazardous and complex materials. Besides, the effect of the SAM on the local structure of the metal surface remains unclear. In this study, water is employed as a simple yet easily overlooked SAM in the microcutting of copper. Using water as SAM also allows the employment of X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) to study the local structure of copper with and without water coating. Results show that water coating on the free surface of copper can significantly reduce the cutting force and chip thickness, and improve the surface finish. Interestingly, removing the water coating enables the recovery of the cutting force, showing a reversible effect. Based on the XAFS results and molecular dynamics simulation, a water-induced surface ordering mechanism is proposed to explain the findings from the microcutting experiments. This mechanism suggests that water molecules can lead to copper surface ordering, resulting in an adequate reduction in the surface energy and fracture toughness of copper, thus enhancing the machinability. This work provides valuable insights into the comprehension of the Rehbinder effect and shows that picometer-scale modifications of the surface atom arrangement can considerably alter the deformation mode of metals, paving the way for the development of new manufacturing processes.

Microstructural response of coal fracture surface induced by ScCO2 injection measured with AFM

Fractures in coal serve as the principal channels for the migration of coalbed methane (CBM). The microscopic traits of coal fracture surface are of significance for evaluating reservoir permeability and directly influence the outcome of CO2 storage and displacement. To comprehend the impact of CO2 on the coal fracture surface, the alterations in the coal fracture surface before and after CO2 injection are investigated vis atomic force microscopy. As CO2 gradually transforms into a supercritical state, the fracture density and aperture on the coal fracture surface gradually escalate. The mean pore size and porosity of the coal fracture surfaces rose from 5.45 nm to 6.55 nm and from 4.66% to 6.85%, respectively. The proportion of micropores (<2 nm) gradually diminished. The proportions of mesopores (2∼50 nm) and macropores (>50 nm) proportions gradually. Swelling, extraction and mineral dissolution are the predominant reasons for the alteration in the pore structure of the coal fracture surface. CO2 injection modifies the roughness and fractal characteristics of the coal fracture surface. The mean roughness Ra dropped from 6.54 nm to 4.03 nm, and the fractal dimension Ds declined from 2.45 to 2.28. With the fixed scanning range, the injection of CO2 has been shown to reduce the roughness of coal fracture surface and lower their fractal dimension, thereby has a positive influencing permeability enhancement. Therefore, in CO2-ECBM engineering, it is essential not only to analyse the physical properties of the target reservoir, but also to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of permeability with a suitably defined area of the reservoir.

Prediction of ground state charge radius using support vector regression

Abstract We systematically investigate the prediction of nuclear charge radii using a support vector regression (SVR) model in machine learning(ML), specifically employing a radial basis function (RBF) kernel. Our model is designed to capture the global structure of the radius surface through the utilization of feature spaces encompassing both (N, Z) and (N, Z, A). We achieved a root mean square deviation of 0.019 fm with respect to 885 measured charge radii (Z ⩾ 8). By incorporating the atomic mass number as an additional feature, the model successfully reproduces the charge radii of ( 40 − 50 Ca), ( 74 − 96 Kr), ( 120 − 148 Ba), and ( 183 − 199 Au) isotopes. Furthermore, our ML method demonstrated an extrapolation capability with a deviation of 0.016 fm relative to 10 022 calculated charge radii based on the Weizsacker–Skyrme model. The SVR model’s performance is further tested across different regions of the charge radii table, demonstrating significant agreement with experimental data and underscoring the efficacy of the RBF kernel in nuclear charge radii prediction.

Numerical and experimental investigation of additive manufactured heat exchanger using triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS)

With the increasing demand for high-efficiency compact heat exchangers in automobiles and spacecraft, lighter and more efficient metamaterials hold promise as advanced materials for cooling applications but remain beyond reach. Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) structures, characterized by their smooth surfaces and significantly huge volumetric surface area, represent ideal internal structures for heat exchangers, and the development of additive manufacturing has made their design and production possible. This study focuses on designing heat exchangers based on seven TPMS structures (Fischer-Koch S, Gyroid, SplitP, Diamond, I-WP, F-RD, Primitive) and prints the finished heat exchangers using AlSi10Mg material based on numerical investigation results. Comprehensive evaluation metrics are used to rank the results. The findings reveal that the internal interleaved channels have varying effects on different structures, with Fischer-Koch S exhibiting the highest heat transfer capability of up to 269 W/K. Gyroid and I-WP demonstrate the best fluidity, with resistance only 23.44 % of Primitive’s. Gyroid has the best overall evaluation metrics, with a 54 % efficiency improvement over traditional plate heat exchangers. Additionally, this study proposes the use of the Voronoi algorithm to handle the channels of TPMS and identifies the asymmetric characteristics of heat exchangers on both sides, and it is believed that there is still greater optimization potential for the performance of TPMS heat exchangers

A visible transparent infrared microwave compatible stealth metasurface with low infrared emissivity

Abstract This article proposes a visible transparent infrared microwave-compatible stealth metasurface with low infrared emissivity, aiming to integrate visible transparency, low infrared radiation, and broadband microwave absorption. The entire structure consists of a dual layer of infrared shielding layer (IRSL) and microwave absorption layer (MAL). Among them, IRSL adopts a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure with high-duty cycle dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) to obtain low infrared emissivity and high microwave transmittance. MAL combines the equivalent circuit method (ECM) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to design a circular ring metasurface for broadband microwave absorption. To achieve better absorption performance, a transition layer (TL) is introduced to improve impedance matching between IRSL and MAL. Meanwhile, the use of transparent materials throughout the entire structure has the characteristic of visible transparency. In summary, this article proposes a multiband compatible stealth metasurface design method that can meet the stealth requirements of modern battlefields.

Tour of Asteroids for Characterization Observations (TACO): A Planetary Defense Asteroid Tour Concept

Asteroid impacts potentially represent a substantial threat to humanity, but one that we can plan for and mitigate. To design an effective asteroid mitigation mission, however, it is important to have as detailed knowledge of the asteroid threat as possible. Our understanding of a newly discovered object will generally derive from our understanding of the near-Earth object population, and in cases where there is no time for a reconnaissance mission prior to deflection or disruption, we may need to lean heavily on any existing data of similar objects. The Tour of Asteroids for Characterization Observations (TACO) mission concept would fill key gaps in the characterization knowledge needed to plan an effective response to an asteroid threat. A tour targeting potentially hazardous asteroids and focused on reconnaissance objectives specifically relevant for planetary defense would also test instruments and technologies (e.g., autonomous navigation, high-rate gimbals) ahead of when they are actually required in response to a threat. Testing these capabilities is identified as a need in the National Near-Earth Object Preparedness Strategy and Action Plan. The TACO tour concept is specifically designed to measure the most important asteroid properties for planetary defense, including mass, size/shape, surface and near-surface structure, presence of satellites, and composition. These measurements can be obtained using a nominal payload, including a narrow-angle camera, a thermal infrared imager, and deployed test masses for gravity science.

Fabrication of surface functionalized QCM sensor for BTX detection at ambient conditions

Developing optimized gas sensors for detecting low concentrations of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BTX) in ambient conditions is advantageous for health and environment monitoring applications. This study reports on the feasibility of using Quartz Crystals Microbalance (QCM) coated by Tungsten Oxide (WO3) to detect BTX compounds. A WO3 layer was deposited on the QCM surface using DC magnetron sputtering. Optical Profilometry (OP), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were employed to analyze sensor surface morphology and structure. Adsorption properties were studied through the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. The response to BTX vapours was investigated using a laboratory-designed gas-sensing setup in ambient conditions. The optimized film thickness was 200.81 ± 0.39 nm for 540 s of sputtering. XRD pattern confirms the amorphous nature, and SEM images of WO3 show the granular microstructure with 200 nm diameter. The developed sensor shows the highest sensitivity for xylene (5.10 ± 0.08 Hz/ppm), followed by toluene (5.69 ± 0.22 Hz/ppm) and benzene (3.36 ± 0.24 Hz/ppm). The limit of detection for BTX was 1.48 ppm, 0.79 ppm, and 0.33 ppm, respectively. The sensor exhibited faster response times of 30 s, 32 s, and 43 s for BTX, respectively. Repeatability of 99 % and reproducibility of 98 % were observed for BTX vapours. The fabricated WO3-coated QCM sensor can detect BTX vapour at room temperature with high sensitivity and response time. Thus, it can play a significant role in detecting BTX in the workplace for health and environment monitoring systems.

Sb-anchoring single-crystal engineering enables ultra-high-Ni layered oxides with high-voltage tolerance and long-cycle stability

Ni-rich layered oxides are promising cathodes for Li-ion batteries, but the inherent structural defects result in severe surface/bulk degradation during long cycling, especially at high cutoff voltage. Herein we propose a Sb-anchoring single-crystalline engineering to enhance the microstructural and electrochemical stability of ultra-high-Ni layered oxides, where the surface-enriched Sb doping inhibits Li-Ni mixing, suppressing the undesired layered to mixed/rock-salt phase transformation; the bulk-doped Sb rivets into Ni sites, reinforcing the bulk phase stability; the single-crystal endows enhanced crack resistance and reduced surface area, preventing surface parasitic reactions and the subsequent proliferation of cathode electrolyte interfaces. In-situ XRD reveals an essential correlation between cycle stability and phase reversibility, whereas Sb doping into both surface and bulk structures showcases a continuous anchoring effect, largely enhancing the phase transformation reversibility. DFT calculations prove a high oxidation tolerance, as Ni2+ diffusion barrier is higher than the pure cathode. A representative Li(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05)0.99Sb0.01O2 cathode exhibits a high-voltage up to 4.6V, and a Li(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05)0.99Sb0.01O2//graphite full-cell demonstrates an ultra-high capacity retention of 93.4% after 1000 cycles at 1C in 3.0−4.2V. This simple and efficient cathode engineering will promote the promising application of Ni-rich layered oxides in high-energy Li-ion batteries.

The Curie Surface and Lithospheric Thermal Structure in Mongolia‐Baikal Region

AbstractThe Mongolia‐Baikal region, located between the Siberia, North China, and Tarim cratons, exhibits the most pronounced lithospheric accretion and extension since the Phanerozoic. Despite its distance from plate boundaries, the region's notable tectonic activity underscores its importance for studying intraplate lithospheric deformation. However, its lithospheric thermal structure, particularly at high resolution, remains inadequately characterized. By integrating magnetic anomaly constraints with heat flow measurements, we have obtained a high‐resolution lithospheric thermal structure for the Mongolia‐Baikal region, revealing lithospheric thicknesses ranging from 60 to 180 km. The Curie depth and mantle heat flow also show diverse variations across different regions. Our results suggest that elevated mantle heat flow in the Baikal Rift Zone, coupled with a uniform Curie depth and minimal lithospheric thinning, likely reflects lithospheric weakening from mantle upwelling, facilitating rifting in the early stages of the rift's formation. Additionally, some localized lithospheric thermal variations identified in our results may be closely linked to the formation of the Hangai Plateau and the low magnetic anomalies observed in the Mongolia‐Okhotsk suture.

Simultaneous bulk and surface modifications of g-C3N4 via supercritical CO2-assisted post-treatment towards enhanced photocatalytic activity

A high-temperature supercritical CO2 (ScCO2)-assisted post-treatment strategy is developed to simultaneously modify the bulk and surface structures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) using ScCO2 as penetrant and a small amount of methanol/acetonitrile mixture as modifiers. Specifically, the product of modified g-C3N4 is obtained through the post-treatment of pristine g-C3N4 in a homogeneous ScCO2/methanol/acetonitrile system, continuously heating to reach a target temperature (330 °C, 15.2 MPa) without a residence time. With the assistance of ScCO2, organic molecules penetrate the interlayers of g-C3N4 and subsequently modify the in-plane structure of g-C3N4. Methanol induces the partial transformation of g-C3N4 into a carbon nitride with a poly(heptazine imide)-like structure and with abundant methyl and hydroxyl groups. Simultaneously, acetonitrile polymerizes into 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,5-triazine, which is then covalently grafted onto the surface of modified g-C3N4. Remarkably, the entire post-treatment process is completed within 5 min, achieving a final product yield of 92.3 %. The modified g-C3N4 photocatalyst achieves an H2-evolution rate of 2126.1 μmol·h−1·g−1 and a CO2-to-CO conversion rate of 874.1 µmol·h−1·g−1. This work provides a green, efficient, high-yield, and scalable strategy for preparing layered and porous non-metallic photocatalysts using supercritical fluids technology.

Enhanced Phase Change Heat Transfer with Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Printed Pit and Pillar (Pi2) Arrays

Phase change heat transfer, crucial in thermal management systems, can be significantly enhanced through optimized surface structures. This study investigates pool boiling heat transfer enhancement using 3D printed structures with carefully designed pillar and pit geometries. We present a novel approach combining the Dual Rise model with separate liquid–vapor pathways to improve Critical Heat Flux (CHF) and Heat Transfer Coefficients (HTC). Using copper-infused Polylactic Acid (PLA) filaments, we created and sintered structured surfaces featuring pit-assisted nucleation sites, interpillar spacing for vapor escape, and pillar roughness for enhanced liquid supply. Experiments with deionized water and ethanol under atmospheric pressure demonstrated substantial improvements over plain surfaces: water showed an 87% increase in CHF and 39% in maximum HTC, while ethanol exhibited even greater enhancements of 122% in CHF and 61% in HTC. These improvements are attributed to the synergistic effects of optimized surface geometry and separated liquid–vapor pathways, reducing counterflow resistance and improving hydrodynamic stability. A theoretical framework based on the Dual Rise model explains these enhancements, providing insights into coupled capillary action and hemiwicking effects in boiling heat transfer. The study introduces predictive models for CHF and HTC enhancement, offering valuable tools for future design optimization in applications ranging from electronics cooling to power plant thermal management and advanced heat exchangers.