Surface Strategy Taxonomy Research Articles

ERRORS FOUND ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION SENTENCES OF THE THIRD-YEAR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH AT IKIP BUDI UTOMO

This study aimed to describe and classify the grammatical errors found on English translation sentences in terms of syntax and morphology. The analysis procedure applied was based on the surface strategy taxonomy proposed by Dulay et al. in which errors were categorized into errors of: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. The result of this study indicated that the highest frequency is errors of misformation which covers 58 errors (46%), followed by omission which covers 47 errors (27%), addition with 12 errors (10%), and the lowest is misordering, 9 errors (7%). In terms of syntax and morphology, the researcher found 17 errors (18%) in articles, 7 errors (7%) in pronouns, 21 errors (22%) in prepositions, 15 errors (16%) in inflectional endings, 26 errors (28%) in tenses, and 8 errors (9%) in derivational endings. Thus, errors in tenses are the highest frequency of errors, and, errors in derivational morphemes are the lowest.

An Analysis of Students’ Error in Constructing the Negative and Interrogative Sentence by Using Simple Present Tense

This research aims to find out the errors made by the students in constructing the negative and interrogative sentences by using the simple present tense. Those errors were classified into four types, namely omission, addition, misformation, and misordering based on surface strategy taxonomy from Daulay. The researchers used a descriptive qualitative method to find the result. The subject of this research was the VIII-A class of SMP Negeri 40 Medan that consisted of 30 students. The instrument for gathering the data was the essay test, which included 20 affirmative sentences, which asked to form those sentences into the negative and interrogative sentences. The findings indicated that the students' errors in this study were 318 (50,4%) case of mistakes on misformation; 175 (27,8%) case of errors on addition; 100 (15,9%) case of errors on misordering; and 37 (5,9%) case of errors on omission. It can be concluded that misformation in the most frequent errors, while failure is the rarest error in this research.
 Keywords: error analysis, constructing negative and interrogative sentence

Linguistic errors made by Islamic university EFL students

In a writing activity students are required to transfer their knowledge to express their ideas on both what to say and how to say it. The difficulties in applying this knowledge have become obstacles for learners in constructing good writing. Consequently, these obstacles may cause the students to make errors. By adopting the notions of Error Analysis (EA) and the Surface Strategy Taxonomy as the theoretical frameworks, this study investigates the types of linguistic errors produced by the students. Along the way the sources behind the errors were also analyzed. This study employed the qualitative method design in which the case study approach was utilized. Ellis’ five-step procedure of EA was adopted to analyze the data of essays comprising of 150-300 words written by 23 EFL students of the fourth-semester at English Department at a state university. They were purposively selected as the participants of this study. It was found that omission was the most frequent errors identified in the students’ writings. Overall, 122 (63%) cases out of 195 cases were categorized under this type of errors. The number marker, verb-tense, article, preposition, subject-verb agreement, and pronoun were the categories of frequent errors made by the students, respectively. These were followed by addition (18%), misformation (15%), and misordering (5%). Significance to the source of errors, intralingual transfer turned out to be the main reason that provoked the blunder in the students’ writings. It was apparent that some of the interlinguistic contrast was the reason behind the errors. It appeared that the diverse systematical concept between the Indonesian language and English in terms of verb conjugation factor, inflectional morpheme, and auxiliary-verb abandonment were the strong contenders of the error sources. Additionally, interlingual transfer and context of learning also took part for the reason behind the errors.

Analysis of Omission and Addition Errors Found in the Students’ English Texts

The research was done to find the aspects of omission and addition errors in English texts made by the students of MAN 3 Bantul. The research was a descriptive study which was conducted in MAN 3 Bantul. The data was collected by analyzing the students’ writing. There were 20 exposition texts made by the eleventh-grade students of MAN 3 Bantul. The text is written in four different themes. After getting the data, the data were analyzed by identifying and deeply checking the students’ errors according to the theory form James (1998). The data found then categorized by entering the data to the table based on the linguistic taxonomy and surface strategy taxonomy. There were many aspects of omission or addition errors found in this study. From the data analysis, the study found seven aspects of omission errors and six aspects of addition errors. The aspects of omission errors were omission of (1) to be, (2) article, (3) pluralization, (4) verb, (5) preposition, (6) pronoun, and (7) agreement. While the aspects of addition errors were addition of (1) preposition, (2) article, (3) conjunction, (4) to be, (5) sub clause marker, and (6) verb. It can be concluded that the students still have lack of grammatical mastery and implies that grammar should be inserted in the teaching and learning process. It implies that the students should be given enough opportunity in learning English grammar more. The teacher should also increase their awareness concerning with the errors made by the students. They have to give more emphasize and also feedback to increase the students’ awareness in applying English grammar rule in creating sentence or texts.

Grammatical Errors in Indonesian University Students’ Posters in Yogyakarta

This study aims to investigate grammatical errors in posters published byIndonesianUniversitystudents’ inYogyakarta. The errors are classified based on the Surface Strategy Taxonomy by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982) mixed with linguistic categories. Based on the data analysis on 97 posters from 7 universities inYogyakarta, there are 201 errors found. The highest frequency of errors is Omission in terms of number with 122 occurrences (60.69 %), followed by Omission in subject-verb concord with 45 errors (22.38 %), and Omission of preposition with 6 occurrences (2.98 %). In total there are 182 (90.56%) Omission errors, while the other errors only occur less than 10%. The result shows that there are tendencies to omit necessary items rather than add, misform, misorder, or misuse items.

AN ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN PERFORMING ENGLISH STORYTELLING

Abstract. This research aimed to identify, and in advance, to analyze the subject of analysis of the research during the performances of the students in English storytelling. Total of the students that acted as the research population were 44 students of SMA Negeri 1 Banjarmasin. There was a specially designed observation sheet used as the main tool or research instrument to retrieving the data. As the result, there were 37 errors happened during the students’ performances. The errors then classified into 4 categories in the taxonomy of surface structure. Keywords: errors, grammatical, storytelling, speaking, surface strategy taxonomy, error analysis

AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ ERRORS IN TRANSFORMING ACTIVE TO PASSIVE SENTENCE

Passive voice is one of the important English grammar that should be mastered because it is used at formal and informal communication. The EFL students tend to produce grammatical errors in transforming active to the passive sentence because of syntactical interference of their first language. The objectives of this research are to know the types of errors that students made in transforming active to passive sentences, to know the students' problems in transforming active to passive sentences and to know the proportion of the students' errors. The subject of this research is 20 English students at one private university in Lampung. The result of this research shows that the total number of errors that had been committed by the students based on surface strategy taxonomy is 280 errors, which falls into the following proportion of the four kinds of errors in surface strategy taxonomy: 126 errors of omission error, 18 errors of addition error, 120 errors of misformation error, and 16 errors of misordering error.

SURFACE STRATEGY TAXONOMY ON FOREIGN LANGUAGE WRITING: A STUDY ON VERB TENSE USAGE

This study is aimed at analyzing errors of verb tense usage found in the learners’ writing production. The second semester students of English Department, STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon enrolled in Writing II course were taken as the participants in this investigation. Eight narrative paragraphs were scrutinized closely to detect errors pertaining to verb tense. In this case, a classification of errors proposed by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982 in Ellis and Barkhuizen, 2005) called Surface Strategy Taxonomy is applied. It comprises four sorts of errors: addition, omission, misformation, and misordering. The finding reveals that the learners’ errors encompass three types of four aforementioned above, i.e. addition, omission, and misformation. Among those, misformation is found to be the most prevalent type commited by the learners, as many as 62 errors making up 72.94 % of all. It was subsequently followed by omission and addition which were 13 errors (15.29 %) and 10 errors (11.77 %) successively. Whereas misordering was not identified among the learners’ errors on paragraph composition. Eventually, a pedagogical implication as a result of this research was made. English instructors are expected to accentuate more on likely-to-produce-errors items to the learners prior to composing a paragraph.

Analisis Kesalahan-Kesalahan Gramatikal Dalam Tulisan Bahasa Inggris Mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar FIP UNM

This study aims to reveal the errors of students in the practice of writing English, especially errors in any aspect of the language and how often its frequency. The researcher analyzes the errors of the English writings of PGSD students taking English courses. This analysis uses Surface Strategy Taxonomy in classifying student errors in grammatical structures. This research uses descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. The subject of this research was the writing of sixth semester students who were respondents and attended the English for Specific Purpose 2017/2018 school year totaling 75 people. The results of this study indicate that students' mistakes in producing English writing are divided into several categories of errors, namely errors in formation (misformation), errors in omission (addition), errors in addition (addition), and errors in preparation (misordering). The most frequently made mistake is error formation in sentences that is 181 or around 44.80% of the total number of student writing errors. Omission (omission) occurred as many as 136 or 33.66%, followed by misordering 48 times or 11.88% and the least was an addition error of 39 times or 9.65%.

Grammatical Errors Made By the Students of English Department UISU Year 2018 in Their Writing Class

This research attempts to identify the grammatical errors produced by students of
 English Department of UISU year 2018 in their final paper of writing class. In particular,
 it attempts to classify the errors based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by
 Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). The data used in this research are taken from the
 submitted assignments of English Department students of Universitas Islam Sumatera
 Utara year 2018 in General English, particularly nine students in writing class. The
 researcher found 178 errors in fourteen linguistic categories which are divided into
 four parts: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. From all the four parts,
 the researcher discovered that the most frequent errors found are in the part of
 misformation (97 errors; 54.49%), followed by omission (38 errors; 31.11%), misordering
 (22 errors; 12.78%), and addition (20 errors; 11.11%). While from the linguistic categories,
 the three most frequent errors found are misformation of verbal (30 errors), misordering
 of complex sentence (20 errors), and omission of determiner (19 errors).

Error Analysis of Passive Voice Employed by University Students’ in Writing Lab Reports: A Case Study of Sudan University of Science and Technology (SUST) Students’ at Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department

The study aims at analyzing errors made by Sudan University of Science and Technology students’ at faculty of Sciences-Chemistry Department in employing passive voice in writing lab reports. The study focuses precisely on identifying the types of errors occurred in using passive voice and the reasons behind these errors. Descriptive qualitative method is adopted and applied to obtain and process the gathered data. To run this study and to collect reliable data, thirty chemical students are chosen randomly as the subject of the study. Samples of the students’ lab reports are collected and analyzed. The collected data is analyzed according to the Dulay et al. (1982) Surface Strategy Taxonomy model. Teachers’ questionnaire is also used to find out the sources of the students’ errors from the teachers’ point of view. The findings of the study reveals that the majority of the students’ errors are categorized as omission and misinformation whereas additions and misordering errors are fewer and unconsidered. According to the teachers, these errors are attributed to the interference of the mother tongue, lack of knowledge and carelessness of the students.

Omission: Common Simple Present Tense Errors in Students' Writing of Descriptive Text

This research is aimed to determine and to describe the errors in using simple present tenses in writing descriptive texts made by students, especially in the class D of sixth semester of English Education Department at IAIN Palopo. The data were obtained by conducting a test and using a checklist. Then, the writing products were analyzed using Surface Strategy Taxonomy by Dulay (1982). The result of this research was presented descriptively. From the result, the omission errors were found as the highest of occurrence, which was about 47,05% which revealed that in the class D of sixth semester in English Education Department at IAIN Palopo, still made errors in using simple present tense in writing descriptive text. The errors that are mostly made by students were errors of omission. It is in line with Dulay (1982) which stated that errors of omission are found in greater abundance during the early stages of second language acquisition.

INTERLANGUAGE ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC AND DICTION ERRORS FOUND IN THESES WRITTEN BY MAGISTER STUDENTS

Postgraduate students are expected to show more advanced writing skill than others. However, the writer observed that they still made some errors in their thesis writing. Having reread the theses written by graduate students, Linguistic Surface Category and Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt Krashen were utilized to analyze the data. It was found that syntactic errors (89%) such as subject-verb agreement (15.42%), tenses (15.71%), redundancy (13.14%), article (7.71%), and pluralization (6.28%) are the most frequent errors occured. While lexical errors (11%) such as wrong selection of verb (5.14%) and adjective (3.14%) also still made by graduate students. The study revealed that intralingual interference still be the cause of the blunders in writing a thesis. It is hoped that the present study could initiate university students to contemplate that self-correction and self-awareness in making errors in scholarly writing are essential. Emphasizing more assignments in academic writing can be applied by the lecturers of higher education know students ability and train students to write academically. Faculty of teacher training of education should afford students with seminars and workshop of academic writing to motivate them to write and enhance their knowledge about academic writing.DOI: doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.2019.030110

Grammatical Errors in the “Portal Nasional Republik Indonesia” Website

This research aims at investigating the grammatical errors that occur in the English version of an official Indonesiawebsite “Portal Nasional Republik Indonesia”. In particular, it attempts to classify the errors based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). The data used in this research are taken from four articles on the website,: Indonesia at a Glance, President & Vice, United Indonesia Cabinet, and Palaces. The result shows errors in sixteen linguistic categories in the Surface Strategy Taxonomy which are divided into: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. From all the four parts, the most frequent errors are in the part of misformation (188 errors; 78.96%) followed by omission (39 errors; 16.38%), addition (8 errors; 3.36%), and misordering (2 errors; 0.84%). From the linguistic categories, the three most frequent errors are the “spelling” with 74 errors (31.08%), then “parallelism” with 62 errors (26.04%), and “determiner” with 21 errors (8.82%). The research concludes that the author needs to develop his accuracy in using english in order to keep the reputation of the website.

Grammatical Errors Produced by UGM English Department Students

This research attempts to identify the grammatical errors produced by students of the English Department of UGM year 2012 in their final paper of the writing class. In particular, it attempts to classify the errors based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). The data used in this research were taken from the submitted assignments of the English Department students of Universitas Gadjah Mada year 2012 in General English, particularly nine students in writing class. We found 178 errors in fourteen linguistic categories which are divided into four parts: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. From all the four parts, we discovered that the most frequent errors found are in the part of misformation (97 errors; 54.49%), followed by omission (38 errors; 31.11%), misordering (22 errors; 12.78%), and addition (20 errors; 11.11%). However, in the linguistic categories, the three most frequent errors found are misformation of verbal (30 errors), misordering of complex sentence (20 errors), and omission of determiner (19 errors).

Error Analysis of Subject-Verb Agreement Made by Students in Meurandeh Langsa

This research aimed at identifying the subject-verb agreement errors in students’ writing. This research applied a descriptive research. The data were collected through test and non-test instruments. Test instruments were conducted through writing test and non-test instruments were through questionnaire and interview. The data obtained from both test and non-test instruments were conducted by employing descriptive analysis. This research analyzed students’ narrative writing based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy proposed by Dulay, Burt and Krashen (1982). This result revealed the types of error in subject-verb agreement in the students’ narrative writing covering omission, addition and misinformation. In conclusion, the students involved in the research made a number of errors. It was found that the students’ ability to use subject-verb agreement in English was still low.

An Analysis of Grammatical Errors Committed by the Tenth Grade Students of SMA Negeri 1 Baturiti in Writing Recount Text in Academic Year 2014/2015

The present study aimed at 1) finding the types of grammatical errors committed by the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Baturiti in writing recount text in academic year 2014/2015; and 2) finding the sources of the errors committed by the tenth grade
 students of SMA Negeri 1 Baturiti in writing recount text in academic year 2014/2015. This study was designed as descriptive-qualitative study. The methods used to collectdata were document analysis and interview. The instruments used were project and interview guide. The data in this study were analyzed by using data analysis theory
 proposed by Miles and Hubarman. The types of grammatical errors used in this study were based on the surface strategy taxonomy proposed by Dulayat alwhile the sources of the errors were based on the combination of theories proposed by Richards and Brown.
 Model of error analysis used in this study was the one proposed by Gass and Selinker. The result of the study showed that the subject committed 167 errors in their writing, namely misformation (29.94%), addition (27.54%), omission (24.55%), and misordering (17.96%).

ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENT’S WRITING IN PASSIVE VOICE AT SMK PASUNDAN 1KOTA SERANG

In constructing correct passive voice, students need to master grammar. In this case, learning passive voice always creates errors. The objectives of this research were to know the types of Passive Voice that taught in SMK Pasundan 1 kotaSerang ateleventhgrade and to find out the causes of errors made by the student’s Writing Passive Voice especially Simple Past Tense. The subjects of this research consisted of 15 students at eleventh grades of SMK Pasundan 1 Kota Serang. The method of this research was Qualitative by using Case Study Method. To collect the data the writer used test as an instrument, while the writer was analyzed errors of the students it is based on the Surface Strategy Taxonomy. The results of this research are Misformation errors consisted 41 errors or 58,57 %, followed by Omission errors consisted 23 errors or 32,58 %, Misordering error consisted 5 errors or 7,14 % and Addition error consisted 1 errors or 1,43 %. Based on the result of the research the dominant errors was Misformation consisted 58,57%. The conclusion of this research was this research related to a cause error made by the students and one of the cause was less understanding about grammar especially Simple Past Tense.

An Analysis on Students’ Errors in Writing Sentence Patterns

Simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences are sentence patterns which each sentence has different pattern, and it is strongly related to grammatical structure, punctuation marks, and connectors. Due to the complexity, EFL learners often get difficulties in understanding and writing the four sentence patterns. Therefore, the objectives of the research are to classify each type of errors and find out the most and least frequently errors of sentence patterns made by students then identify the occurrence frequency of the errors. This is a descriptive qualitative employed by 30 students from the third semester taking Basic Writing, academic year 2017-2018, at Indraprasta PGRI University. This research concerns on surface strategy taxonomy that analyzes four errors. The results show the errors from the highest to the lowest percentage: misformation (57.6%), omission (27.47%), addition (8.8%), and misordering (6.13%). Dealing with sentence patterns, compound-complex sentence becomes the most difficult sentence pattern writing because the most frequently errors made by students are 44.54%. The second is compound sentence with errors 23.2%. Then followed by complex sentence with the number of errors is 22.13%. The least frequently errors of sentence patterns made by students are simple sentence with errors 10.13%. The occurrence of mistake is from the pattern of compound-complex sentence that is the most complicated of three other sentence patterns. The conclusion is regularization in misformation is the most frequently error made by students which cause is from poor understanding of grammatical structure. 

The Grammatical Errors in Debate Arguments Made by Students of Global English Language Center

The thesis entitled Grammatical Errors in Debate Arguments Made by the Students of Global English Language Center. The objectives of this study were (1) to find out the kinds of errors made by the students of Global English Language Center in their debate arguments and (2) to find out the causes of errors made by the students of Global English Language Center in their debate arguments. The writer used descriptive-qualitative method of research. The population of this study was all the students of Global English Language Center. The sample was chosen by using purposive sampling. The samples were 12 students which were grouped into two debate sessions. The data were calculated and analyzed based on surface strategy taxonomy and linguistic category taxonomy to know the errors. Samples' personal reasons and personal judgement were used to know the causes of the errors. The findings showed that there were four types of errors that the students made which are omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. Misformation is the major error made by the students. Nervousness, time limit, native language interference, and the insufficient grammar learning were the causes why the students made errors.