Steel Plate Surfaces Research Articles

摩擦攪拌法によるポーラスアルミニウム/緻密鋼材の複合構造部材の作製

A composite structural material with an “A1050 porous aluminum/SS400 dense steel plate” is fabricated by friction stir welding (FSW), which is used both for mixing blowing agent powder with aluminum plates and for lap joining aluminum and steel plates in the same process. It is shown that, after the aluminum plates are foamed, diffusion bonding is realized and an Fe-Al intermetallic compound is formed at the interface of porous aluminum and dense steel. This is because new surfaces of aluminum and steel plates are formed by FSW, and thus bonding is realized at the interface of these plates immediately after FSW.

상압 플라즈마 매개변수들이 산업용 전자부품의 세척공정(cleansing)에 미치는 효과

We employed atmospheric plasma to reactively remove the lubricant sprayed onto such industrial electronic parts as LCD chassis during sheet-metal forming processes and investigated basically the effect of plasma parameters on cleansing the surfaces of zinc-electroplated steel plates (EGI). Specimen prepared with some controlled amount of lubricant sprayed on their surfaces beforehand were subjected to two different kinds of atmospheric plasma, one being generated by using air and the other generated by using nitrogen (99.9% purity). Locating the plasma beams at the height range between 3.5 and 13.5 mm from the surface of each specimen and radiating for 5 to 30 seconds resulted out that the cases with a position of 3.5 mm and a duration of 5 seconds or longer showed the surfaces completely cleansed without a trace of lubricant. Furthermore we found out that the plasma generated by using simple air depicted higher cleansing ability than the other one generated by using expensive nitrogen, interestingly useful very much for industrial purposes. On another aspect, we confirmed that the drilled or cut surfaces of Zn-plated steel substrate would not be oxidized even under the influence of plasma during its cleansing process. Therefore, we could probably conclude from this fore-survey that a dry process adopting atmospheric plasma for cleansing industrial parts might be determined to become successful in terms of commercialization, cautiously.

Influence of roughness parameters on coefficient of friction under lubricated conditions

Surface texture and thus roughness parameters influence coefficient of friction during sliding. In the present investigation, four kinds of surface textures with varying roughness were attained on the steel plate surfaces. The surface textures of the steel plates were characterized in terms of roughness parameter using optical profilometer. Then the pins made of various materials, such as Al-4Mg alloy, Al-8Mg alloy, Cu, Pb, Al, Mg, Zn and Sn were slid against the prepared steel plates using an inclined pin-on-plate sliding tester under lubricated conditions. It was observed that the surface roughness parameter, namely, R a , for different textured surfaces was comparable to one another although they were prepared by different machining techniques. It was also observed that for a given kind of surface texture the coefficient of friction did not vary with R a . However, the coefficient of friction changes considerably with surface textures for similar R a values for all the materials investigated. Thus, attempts were made to study other surface roughness parameters of the steel plates and correlate them with coefficient of friction. It was observed that among the surface roughness parameters, the mean slope of the profile, Del a(Δ a ), was found to explain the variations best.

Behaviour of embedded steel plate in composite coupling beams

Plate-reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam is fabricated by embedding a vertical steel plate into a conventional-reinforced concrete coupling beam to enhance its strength and ductility. Shear studs are welded on the steel plate surfaces to allow for proper load transfer between the concrete and steel plate. The present study focuses on the evaluation of internal load distributions and load sharing on the embedded steel plate as well as at the shear studs in composite coupling beams using the nonlinear finite element package ATENA. The proposed two-dimensional finite element model is able to simulate the overall load–deflection behaviour and internal load distributions of coupling beams subjected to bending and shear forces. The reliability of the model is demonstrated by comparisons with the available experimental results. This is followed by an extensive and carefully planned parametric study using the calibrated finite element model. Numerical results on the effects of steel plate geometry, span–depth ratio of beams and steel reinforcement ratios at beam spans and in wall regions are presented and discussed in this paper. The finite element model provides a better understanding of the behaviour of shear studs as well as plate anchorage in the wall regions and embedded beam region. Based on the numerical results, equations for quantifying the shear stud forces are established and a set of non-dimensional design charts for determining the internal forces of the embedded steel plates is constructed. Both of them are useful for engineers to design PRC coupling beams.

Sustained release of guaifenesin and ipriflavone from biodegradable coatings

Biodegradable plastics are an interesting class of drug carriers for controlled release, as they can decompose to nontoxic, readily bioresorbable products and are advantageous over conventional biomaterials because they do not require surgical retrieval from the body after completion of treatment. In this work, films of poly( d, l-lactic acid) ( d, l-PLA) were deposited by the solvent casting technique, onto the surfaces of stainless steel plates and their biodegradation was studied after immersion in buffer solutions. The release of two model drugs, i.e. guaifenesin and ipriflavone, from the above d, l-PLA systems loaded with these compounds at various concentrations, was also studied. The experimental results showed that for low drug concentrations, the release of guaifenesin is controlled by the biodegradation rate of PLA, whereas for high concentrations the burst effect becomes the dominant release mechanism. The rate of release is faster at low pH values probably due to an acceleration of PLA biodegradation, whereas there are no chemical interactions between drug and polymer, that could essentially influence the release rate of the drug or the biodegradation of the polymer. On the other hand, high guaifenesin concentrations produce increased porosity in the PLA matrix and seem to accelerate its biodegradation and further the drug release rate. Finally, the release of ipriflavone in a mixture of 2-propanol/water is clearly a two stage process and, again, the burst effect seems to control the delivery process at high drug concentration. In conclusion, the present study shows that similar results to those obtained with d, l-PLA tablets loaded with model drugs can be obtained with thin coatings of the same systems. This might be of interest for transfer of the existing knowledge to the design of biomedical implants, treated with coatings of d, l-PLA containing reactive compounds.

Statistical Characterization of Corroded Steel Plate Surfaces

Perforation of steel plate is of considerable interest for the longer-term safety and integrity of ships hulls and tanks and for nuclear containment systems. This paper reports on the preliminary random field characterization of the surface of two sample corroded steel plates as a trial towards generating numerically the surface topology of larger areas of steel plate. Of particular interest is the maximum depth of penetration and its dependence structure across the plate area. The potential applications and the background to the modelling of corrosion loss and pitting are reviewed briefly to set the scene for appropriate surface characterization. Contrary to the assumptions often made for the statistical characterization of maximum pit penetrations, they are highly dependent. This makes representation using extreme value probability distributions questionable. An alternative probability-based form of representation is proposed.

Study on steel plate reinforced concrete panels subjected to cyclic in-plane shear

This paper describes the derivation of the equation for evaluating the strength of steel plate reinforced concrete structure (SC) and the experimental results of SC panels subjected to in-plane shear. Two experimental research programs were carried out. One was the experimental study in which the influence of the axial force and the partitioning web were investigated, another was that in which the influence of the opening was investigated. In the former program, nine specimens were loaded in cyclic in-plane shear. The test parameters were the thickness of the surface steel plate, the effects of the partitioning web and the axial force. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results, and good agreement between the calculated results and the experimental results was shown. In the later programs, six specimens having an opening were loaded in cyclic in-plane shear, and were compared with the results of the specimen without opening. FEM analysis was used to supplement experimental data. Finally, we proposed the equation to calculate the reduction ratio from the opening for design.

1014 サテン仕上面の画像処理による評価

To systemize the visual inspecting processes carried by skilled workers for finished surfaces, an evaluation of satin finished surfaces using image processing method was estimated. Satin finishing was applied at four places on the mirror finished stainless steel plate surface. Finishing characteristics of satin finished area and mirror finished area of the stainless steel plate surfaces were assessed. And a sharpness of their border area was also assessed. For evaluation of the finished stainless steel plate surfaces, the pictures of them were taken using a CCD camera and various textural analysis were carried out. An evaluation system for the mirror finished stainless steel plate applied satin finishing was developed taking the obtained textural feature values into considerations and its effectiveness was confirmed.

Experimental study of contact transition control incorporating joint acceleration feedback

Joint acceleration and velocity feedbacks are incorporated into a classical internal force control of a robot in contact with the environment. This is intended to achieve a robust contact transition and force tracking performance for varying unknown environments, without any need of adjusting the controller parameters. A unified control structure is proposed for free motion, contact transition, and constrained motion in view of the consumption of the initial kinetic energy generated by a nonzero impact velocity. The influence of the velocity and acceleration feedbacks, which are introduced especially for suppressing the transition oscillation, on the postcontact tracking performance is discussed. Extensive experiments are conducted on the third joint of a three-link direct-drive robot to verify the proposed scheme for environments of various stiffnesses, including elastic (sponge), less elastic (cardboard), and hard (steel plate) surfaces. Results are compared with those obtained by the transition control scheme without the acceleration feedback. The ability of the proposed control scheme in resisting the force disturbance during the postcontact period is also experimentally investigated.

Contact transition control via joint acceleration feedback

Stable and controllable transition from free motion to constrained motion is of central importance for robots in contact with the environment in many applications. In this paper, a joint acceleration feedback control scheme of high bandwidth is employed to damp oscillations during the contact transition when the approaching speed does not vanish. In this control scheme, a classical integral force controller is refined by means of joint acceleration and velocity feedback. This is intended to achieve a stable contact transition without need of adjusting the controller parameters adaptive to the unknown or changing environments. Extensive experiments are conducted on the third joint of a three-link direct-drive robot to verify the proposed scheme for the environments of various stiffnesses, including elastic (sponge), less-elastic (cardboard), and hard (steel plate) surfaces. Results are also compared with those by the transition control without the acceleration feedback. The proposed scheme is shown to be promising in terms of robustness, stability and adaptability.

Effect of Image Processing on Recognition of Weld Line and Automatic Tracking by Welding Robot with a Visual Sensor.

In automatic welding of thin plates, it is well known that the application of an arc sensing system for the recognition of a weld line is relatively difficult. Therefore, an intelligent welding robot with a visual sensing system has been recently sought. However, it is not always easy to recognize the weld line clearly, because the weld line is sometimes very fine and the machined surfaces of steel plates have irregular brightness distribution. Therefore, a basic Cartesian-coordinate welding robot system with a visual sensor was constructed in order to investigate the recognition and automatic tracking of the weld line of machined steel plates. In this study, the effects of surface conditions of plates and the image processing of brightness distributions on the recognition of weld line were discussed, and moreover the effectiveness of the processes was experimentally confirmed.

ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SURFACE REACTION OF IRON. GROWTH OF CRYSTALLINE (FEX(OCOR))N(X = CL, BR, I; R = C6H5, C6H5CH2) ON SURFACES OF IRON AND STAINLESS STEEL PLATES I REACTIONS WITH MIXTURES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (RCOOH) AND ORGANIC HALIDES (R′X)

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 14, Issue 40 Organoelement Compounds ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SURFACE REACTION OF IRON. GROWTH OF CRYSTALLINE (FEX(OCOR))N(X = CL, BR, I; R = C6H5, C6H5CH2) ON SURFACES OF IRON AND STAINLESS STEEL PLATES I REACTIONS WITH MIXTURES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (RCOOH) AND ORGANIC HALIDES (R′X) T. YAMAMOTO, T. YAMAMOTOSearch for more papers by this authorK. IMAIZUMI, K. IMAIZUMISearch for more papers by this authorY. KURATA, Y. KURATASearch for more papers by this author T. YAMAMOTO, T. YAMAMOTOSearch for more papers by this authorK. IMAIZUMI, K. IMAIZUMISearch for more papers by this authorY. KURATA, Y. KURATASearch for more papers by this author First published: October 4, 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198340294AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume14, Issue40October 4, 1983 RelatedInformation

Novel surface reaction of iron. Growth of crystalline [FeX(OCOR)] n (X = Cl, Br, I; R = C 6H 5, C 6H 5CHCH, C 6H 5CH 2) on surfaces of iron and stainless steel plates in reactions with mixtures of carboxylic acids (RCOOH) and organic halides (R′X)

Novel surface reaction of iron. Growth of crystalline [FeX(OCOR)] n (X = Cl, Br, I; R = C 6H 5, C 6H 5CHCH, C 6H 5CH 2) on surfaces of iron and stainless steel plates in reactions with mixtures of carboxylic acids (RCOOH) and organic halides (R′X)

Laser-plasma processing of metals at high gas pressures

An analysis is made of the characteristic features of the laser-plasma processing of metals in gases (N2, Ar, CO2, He) at high pressures (1–130 atm). The results are given of an investigation of some characteristics of a plasma bunch formed by the action of 1.06 μ radiation near the surface of a target and of a numerical modeling of the breakdown of a gas (nitrogen) near the surface of a metal. It is reported that local regions on the surfaces of steel plates may be hardened by laser-plasma processing and that some compounds (nitrides, carbides) may be produced by surface synthesis. Prospects for laser-plasma processing of materials by CO2 laser radiation are considered.

INFRARED EMISSION SPECTRA OF FATTY ACIDS ON STEEL SURFACES

Infrared emission spectra of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acids, and of methyl linolenate, on the surfaces of steel plates were measured at 100, 150 and 200° from 5 to 10 microns. Reactions occur to produce complex iron soaps.

表面粗度と塗料の密着性

Applying the meramine paint on the surfaces of aluminum, mild steel, zinc and brass plates polished by 0, 03, and 05 sand papers, buff-polishing, and electro-polishing, the relation between the roughness of metal surface and the strength of adhesion is studied.The results: In the case of aluminum plate, both buff-polishing and electro-polishing have no effect, while, in the case of other metals, both 0 and 03 sand paper polishings are effective for the better adhesion. A most interesting thing is that the surface buff-polished and then treated by oxidation heating is highly adhesive with the paint.

Some Experimental Indications of the Stresses Produced in a Body by an Exploding Charge

The effects produced by small cylindrical charges that were detonated on the surfaces of heavy steel plates are discussed. Particular attention is paid to (a) shapes of crater, (b) changes in hardness, (c) flow patterns, (d) fractures, and (e) changes in microstructure. The distribution of stress appears in some respects to correspond to that which might be set up by a static load. The mechanisms of the inelastic deformation, however, differ very greatly between the static case and the dynamic case. Dynamic loading produces numerous shock twins and fractures that undoubtedly occur because of the very high strain rates involved.

Filiform Underfilm Corrosion of Lacquered Steel Surfaces

IN the course of some work on the corrosion of steel plate surfaces coated with transparent oil-modified synthetic lacquers in atmospheres containing acetic acid and water vapour, the production and growth of the hair-like corrosion tracks known as 'underfilm corrosion' were observed under the microscope. It has been suggested that these corrosion tracks follow cracks in the oxide film separating the metal and the lacquer. The samples were prepared by cutting grids of one inch mesh through the lacquer coating with a razor blade. These were then exposed in a desiccator with a dish containing 5 per cent acetic acid for 24 hours, after which the acid solution was replaced by water.