River Surface Water Research Articles

Occurrence, distribution, and possible sources of microplastics in the surface river water in the Arakawa River watershed.

Nowadays, efforts for complementing data concerning microplastics (MPs) in freshwater systems are required as MPs exist in many populated areas. The goal of this study is to investigate the distribution and profiles of riverine MPs along the Arakawa River watershed, which runs through the Tokyo Metropolitan area. The MPs were found in 10 of the 12 sampling sites in the watershed with the mean of 1.8 pieces/m3. Also, the spatial distribution of the MPs displayed the accumulation in the downstream and in the tributary areas with high populations, reflecting the levels of the local anthropogenic activities. In contrast to the heterogeneity of the floating concentrations, polymer type compositions were consistent with the predominance of polyethylene compared with polypropylene and polystyrene. Moreover, the size distributions of the particles were consistent among samples with the predominance of the relatively smaller size fractions. These results suggest that the sources of fragmented plastic debris are likely spread over terrestrial areas and that reducing burden from these land-based MPs is necessary for mitigating MPs pollution in urban aquatic environments.

Emission and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products affected by tourism in Sanya City, China.

In recent years, concern around the impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on the environment has grown. In order to investigate the influence of tourists on emissions and ecological risk of PPCPs, the concentrations of thirty PPCPs were measured in influent and effluent from the four largest wastewater treatment plants, as well as surface river water at six sites in a famous tourist city (Sanya City, China). Substantial increasing trends on PPCPs levels were observed from low to high tourist season (ng/L to µg/L, or µg/L to mg/L). Caffeine (CAF) was dominant with concentrations as high as 185µg/L. Emission load per capita was estimated to explore the contribution of different populations. Tourist migrant population might be a dominant contributor, as they were mostly elderly people who took long-term medication. The predicted no-effect concentration was derived using the species sensitivity distribution method to calculate the ecological risk quotient (RQ) of the dominant PPCPs. Additionally, RQs of seven dominant PPCPs in rivers were > 1, indicating high chronic ecological risk for freshwater ecosystems. The results of this study will assist in raising the awareness and improving management of emerging pollutants in less industrialized regions.

Occurrence of N-nitrosamines and their precursors in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River water

The presence of some types of N-nitrosamines in water bodies is of great concern worldwide due to their carcinogenic risks and harmful mutagenic effects on human health. In the present study, eight N-nitrosamines and their formation potentials (FPs) were primarily investigated in Yangtze River surface water to evaluate their spatial distribution, mass loads, and ecological risks. The results showed that of the eight N-nitrosamines investigated, NDMA (<1.5–17 ng/L), NDEA (<1.4–9.5 ng/L), NDPA (1.0 ng/L), NMOR (<1.0–1.3 ng/L), NPIP (<2.1–3.7 ng/L), and NDBA (<3.6–30 ng/L) were detected. The FPs of NDMA (<27–130 ng/L), NDEA (<0.9–2.3 ng/L), NDPA (<1.2–1.9 ng/L), NPYR (<1.4–2.9 ng/L), NMOR (<1.0 ng/L), and NDBA (<1.1–14 ng/L) were significantly identified. NDBA was predominantly observed in surface water, while NDMA was noticeably detected in chloraminated water samples. It was estimated that approximately 5.4 t/y of N-nitrosamines were carried by the Yangtze River to the East China Sea, whereas the input flux of N-nitrosamine precursors was estimated to be approximately 69.5 t/y. Spatial variations were observed due to the input of N-nitrosamines from the upstream dams and lakes. The origin of N-nitrosamine precursors was not associated with the presence of sediment in river water. NDEA could be introduced into river water by the discharge of wastewater. NDBA and its precursors could originate from industrial and aquaculture activities. NDMA and its precursors could result from both of the aforementioned sources. Moreover, the wastewater discharge from small cities, pH value, wastewater treatment ratio, and dilution could be the key factors that influence the occurrence of N-nitrosamines along the Yangtze River. More attention should be paid to the cancer risks posed by N-nitrosamines. The ecological risks posed by N-nitrosamines in the Yangtze River can be ignored.

Sentinel-3 radar altimetry for river monitoring – a catchment-scale evaluation of satellite water surface elevation from Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B

Abstract. Sentinel-3 is the first satellite altimetry mission to operate both in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode and in open-loop tracking mode nearly globally. Both features are expected to improve the ability of the altimeters to observe inland water bodies. Additionally, the two-satellite constellation offers a unique compromise between spatial and temporal resolution with over 65 000 potential water targets sensed globally. In this study, we evaluate the possibility of extracting river water surface elevation (WSE) at catchment level from Sentinel-3A and Sentinel-3B radar altimetry using Level-1b and Level-2 data from two public platforms: the Copernicus Open Access Hub (SciHub) and Grid Processing on Demand (GPOD). The objectives of the study are to demonstrate that by using publicly available processing platforms, such databases can be created to suit specific study areas for any catchment and with a wide range of applications in hydrology. We select the Zambezi River as a study area. In the Zambezi basin, 156 virtual stations (VSs) contain useful WSE information in both datasets. The root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is between 2.9 and 31.3 cm at six VSs, where in situ data are available, and all VSs reflect the observed WSE climatology throughout the basin. Some VSs are exclusive to either the SciHub or GPOD datasets, highlighting the value of considering multiple processing options beyond global altimetry-based WSE databases. In particular, we show that the processing options available on GPOD affect the number of useful VSs; specifically, extending the size of the receiving window considerably improved data at 13 Sentinel-3 VSs. This was largely related to the implementation of GPOD parameters. While correct on-board elevation information is crucial, the postprocessing options must be adapted to handle the steep changes in the receiving window position. Finally, we extract Sentinel-3 observations over key wetlands in the Zambezi basin. We show that clear seasonal patterns are captured in the Sentinel-3 WSE, reflecting flooding events in the floodplains. These results highlight the benefit of the high spatiotemporal resolution of the dual-satellite constellation.

Freshwater monitoring by nanopore sequencing.

While traditional microbiological freshwater tests focus on the detection of specific bacterial indicator species, including pathogens, direct tracing of all aquatic DNA through metagenomics poses a profound alternative. Yet, in situ metagenomic water surveys face substantial challenges in cost and logistics. Here, we present a simple, fast, cost-effective and remotely accessible freshwater diagnostics workflow centred around the portable nanopore sequencing technology. Using defined compositions and spatiotemporal microbiota from surface water of an example river in Cambridge (UK), we provide optimised experimental and bioinformatics guidelines, including a benchmark with twelve taxonomic classification tools for nanopore sequences. We find that nanopore metagenomics can depict the hydrological core microbiome and fine temporal gradients in line with complementary physicochemical measurements. In a public health context, these data feature relevant sewage signals and pathogen maps at species level resolution. We anticipate that this framework will gather momentum for new environmental monitoring initiatives using portable devices.

Ecological and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Ewaso Nyiro River surface water, Kenya

Ewaso Nyiro basin covers an area of about 210,226 km2, 36.3%, of Kenya drainage area and bears 5.8% of Kenya water potential with an annual yield of 1469 million m3. The river is the principal source of domestic and irrigation water to the arid north of Kenya. To determine metal and nutrient concentration of Ewaso Nyiro River surface water, a total of 30 water samples, 15 samples each for dry (February) and wet (August) seasons of 2019, were collected. Chromium, lead, iron, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, mercury, selenium, molybdenum, boron, copper, zinc, arsenic, nickel, aluminum, total phosphorus and nitrate were analyzed in the two seasons. Ecological risk assessment was determined by calculating contamination factor, pollution load index and ecological risk index. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to infer pollutants association and identify their potential sources. Cadmium, arsenic, lead, molybdenum, mercury, selenium and nickel were not detected in both seasons, while manganese, iron and aluminum were the main pollutants identified. Ewaso Nyiro irrigation water had a manganese contamination factor of 9.17, implying it was very contaminated. Twenty-seven and 40% of sampled sites in dry and wet seasons, respectively, had more than 0.3 mg/L of iron that is recommended by USEPA in drinking water. Herbicides, leached fertilizer and fuel leaking into the river water were the primary sources of anthropogenic pollution.

SUAS Remote Sensing to Evaluate Geothermal Seep Interactions with the Yellowstone River, Montana, USA

Small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) are becoming increasingly popular due to their affordability and logistical ease for repeated surveys. While sUAS-based remote sensing has many applications in water resource management, their applicability and limitations in fluvial settings is not well defined. This study uses a combined thermal-optic sUAS to monitor the seasonal geothermal influence of a 1-km-long reach of the Yellowstone River, paired with in-situ streambed temperature profiles to evaluate geothermal seep interactions with Yellowstone River in Montana, USA. Accurate river water surface elevation along the shoreline was estimated using structure from motion (SfM) photogrammetry digital surface models (DSMs); however, water surface elevations were unreliable in the main river channel. Water temperature in thermal infrared (TIR) orthomosaics was accurate in temperature ranges of tens of degrees (&gt;≈30 °C), but not as accurate in temperature ranges of several degrees (&gt;≈15 °C) as compared to in-situ water temperature measurements. This allowed for identification of geothermal features but limited the ability to identify small-scale temperature changes due to river features, such as pools and riffles. The study concludes that rivers with an average width greater than or equal to 123% of the ground area covered by a TIR image will be difficult to study using structure from motion photogrammetry, given Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) altitude restrictions and sensor field of view. This study demonstrates the potential of combined thermal-optic sUAS systems to collect data over large river systems, and when combined with in-situ measurements, can further increase the sUAS utility in identifying river characteristics.

Seasonal changes of some detergent components in surface water of rivers to the Van Lake, Turkey

Morali, Akkopru, and Kurbas Rivers are rivers flowing into Van Lake passing through the highly populated Van City, Turkey. They carry domestic and industrial wastewater to Van Lake. For assessment of the environmental load from these rivers to the lake, a sampling investigation from October 2019 to September 2020 was carried out. Chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and nitrogenous compound levels were also examined. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates ranged up to 0.40 mg L−1 (Kurubas River), the mean phosphate was 0.96 mg L−1, and the mean boron 1.2 mg L−1. According to Turkish surface water quality regulations, while Morali and Akkopru Rivers were determined as class II (less contaminated), Kurubas River was found as class III (polluted).

Surface water quality of small rivers in the Ukrainian regions of right-bank Polissia

The quality of surface waters of small rivers of the Ukrainian regions of right-bank Polissia, belonging to the basin of the river Pripyat, was estimated. The study was conducted via systematic observations based on the ecological classification of surface water quality of land and estuaries of Ukraine, which includes a set of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other indicators, which were grouped into three blocks of indicators: salt composition of water; tropho-saprobiological (ecologicalsanitary) block; specific substances of toxic action. The integrated (ecological) index was determined, by which the class and category of surface water quality were established. The results of observations on the quality of surface waters of the rivers of the Ukrainian regions of right-bank Polissia indicate their satisfactory condition. Surface waters, on average, correspond to the II class of water quality, and the worst - to the III class. Water protection measures have been proposed to improve the ecological condition of small river basins in specified region.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В БАССЕЙНЕ РЕКИ КАБУЛ

The article considers the issues and prospects of water use in the Kabul River basin (Afghanistan) taking into account the analysis of the current water management situation and taking into account the forecasts of the economic development compiled on the basis of the demographic data. The general scheme of water use, organization of water supply, provision of the population with water and sanitary drainage structures is presented. The analysis of the water resources use and structure of water management of Afghanistan in the Kabul river basin showed a wide use of groundwater to supply urban and rural population, livestock and irrigation while surface waters of rivers are hardly used by the population and sectors of the economy. The fulfilled analysis of the water use structure in the territory of the Kabul river basin showed that: 55% of the demand for water is provided by underground water,23% – by surface river runoff, 12% – by glacial water and 10% – by rain runoff. Comprehensive calculations based on the compilation of water management balances were carried out. Risks of water shortages and river pollution for the 2020 year and for the future until 2035 were checked for the estimated years on the provision of river fl ow of the Kabul River by 74% and 95%. A set of water management, water protection and management measures has been developed and recommended to prevent and eliminate the identified possible negative trends in water use. The analysis of the quality of water resources in Afghanistan was carried out which showed that the situation with water resources in the country has been noticeably improving in recent years.

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ РІЧОК ЖИТОМИРСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ (У МЕЖАХ БАСЕЙНУ РІЧКИ ПРИП’ЯТЬ)

Purpose – perform an ecological assessment of the quality of the rivers of Zhytomyr region (within the pool of the Pripyat river). Method. The study was conducted according to systematic observations based on the ecological classification of the quality of surface water and estuates in Ukraine, which includes a set of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other indicators reflecting the peculiarities of components of aqueous ecosystems. On the basis of common environmental criteria, the methodology makes it possible to compare the quality of water at different sites of water bodies, in water bodies of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: block of salt composition (І1), block of trophic-saprobiological (ecological-sanitary) indicators (І2) and block of indicators of content of specific substances of toxic action (І3). The results are presented in the form of a combined environmental assessment based on the final conclusions of the three blocks and based on the calculation of the integrated environmental index (IE). Results. An analysis of the modern ecological state of the rivers of the Zhytomyr region was carried out (within the Pripyat River Basin) and an assessment of the quality of their water according to the relevant categories. The results of observations on the qualitative state of surface water of the rivers of the rivers, uz, yarn, norin (within the Zhytomyr region) indicate their satisfactory condition. Water rivers, uz, norin correspond to the III class of water quality ("satisfactory" by class, "weakly polluted" by degree of purity). The best quality of surface water is observed in the river the river (II quality class, "good" by class, "fairly clean" by degree of purity). The greatest influence on the formation of water quality in rivers studied have indicators of a trophy-saprobiological block. This is due to a high anthropogenic load in river basins, in the first place discharges of insufficient sewage. Scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analytical studies and stock materials, an ecological evaluation of the surface water of the rivers of the rivers, shoving, UZ, Norin within the Zhytomyr region in three blocks of indicators: saline composition, trophoprobiological parameters and specific substances of toxic action. The integral ecological index is determined. The tendencies of accumulation of pollutants in the surface waters of rivers studied are established. Practical significance. The studies have allowed to analyze and evaluate the environmental state of the rivers of the rivers of the Zhytomyr region within the pool of the Pripyat River, which will establish the environmental standards of water quality and to determine the basic directions to improve the state of water resources and substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the environmental status of the studied. pools within the area.

Low cost model for desalination of water using solar energy to overcome water scarcity in India

Day after day, the need for potable water rises and the amount of potable water available decreases at the same time. Around 97 percent of all the water on Earth is saline water in the oceans and aquifers. There is only 2.5–2.75 percent of fresh water available, including 1.75–2 percent frozen ice glacier, 0.5–0.75 percent fresh groundwater and less than 0.01 percent surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers. Fresh water is renewable and variable; it is a restricted commodity, however. Only by the water cycle, in which water from seas, streams, soil, rivers and reservoirs evaporates, creates clouds and returns as precipitation, can fresh water be replenished. 0.003 per cent of absolute water is fresh and unpolluted water. In India many villages and communities still rely on river water for drinking purposes but the water available in river is majorly polluted due to human activities. The ocean water which is available in huge quantity comes to rescue in this scenario. The saline water of ocean can be converted into drinkable water using solar energy in an affordable manner. This paper describes a unit which is designed on simple principles of evaporation and condensation with no electricity being used. Thus we harness the heat radiated by the sun to accomplish the evaporation segment. The water will be condensed by natural temperature difference between heated and non-heated segment. The unique aspect of this paper is the use of convex lenses to heat the water initially from the tank such that the water being heated by the sheet evaporates at an increased rate due to the incoming water having an elevated temperature.

Analysis of river water quality and pollution control strategies in the upper Citarum River

Utilization of the Citarum River varies greatly from household needs, agriculture, livestock to the industrial sector. However, these activities caused pollution along the Citarum River. This research’s main objective is to evaluate the quality of surface water in the upstream Citarum River based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and its pollution control recommendations. The observed river study area was 80 km long. River water quality is measured and observed at 8 sampling points. Analysis of water quality was carried out using the Pollution Index (IP) method. Meanwhile, the formulation of the pollution control strategy used SWOT analysis. Based on field measurements for parameters BOD, COD, and DO in the upstream segment of the Citarum River have exceeded the quality standard for class II Regulation No. 82 of 2001 in almost all sampling locations. Meanwhile, the IP value results at all sampling locations were in the range of 1.23-5.8 or in mild to moderate polluted status. Recommendations given to control water pollution are increasing monitoring of wastewater disposal into rivers, carrying out an inventory and identifying water pollution sources, and determining the carrying capacity of pollution loads.

Mobilization of Geochemical Elements to Surface Water in the Active Layer of Permafrost in the Russian Arctic

AbstractThe predicted increase of ground temperatures in the Arctic results in the deepening of the active layer and intensification of geochemical processes. Determining the responses of riparian soil systems to surrounding hydrological flows is important for understanding seasonal changes in hydrological processes. In this study, one soil core from a polygon rim (close to the Taz River, TA) and two soil cores from a riverine terrace (close to the Syoyakha River, SY and Murtyyakha River, MU) in Western Siberia, Russia, and their suprapermafrost water, adjacent surface flows, and river water were sampled for analysis of geochemical elements. Results showed that most elements above their respective detection limits began accumulating in the underlying gleyed layer during September‐October in response to the deepest thaw in the active layer. This study focused on the highly mobile elements in the deepest layer; and found that the transport of organic matter in the upper layer carried these elements to both surface water ponds/flows and suprapermafrost water, and further, to the rivers. The efflux of released elements from surface soil to surrounding surface water appeared to be low. The best linear correlation for both surface flows and river water was with Mn; therefore, Mn may be a proxy for predicting the processes occurring within the active layer during the annual summer‐autumn thaw. Moreover, landscapes with different ice contents may experience changes in the elements transported to surface waters. A general conceptual model for the response of elements to the thawing‐freezing process of the active layer is established.

モンゴル都市部における表流水水質と河川水質劣化の季節的動態

モンゴル都市部における表流水水質と河川水質劣化の季節的動態

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ВОД ЖИТОМИРСЬКОГО ПОЛІССЯ

The ecological assessment of the quality of surface water of the Dnipro basin (within Zhytomyr region) is carried out. In general, surface water of rivers of teter, rotten, Guiva, forest stone, Irsha, Human, Arpin, Rostavitsa and Kamyanka were investigated. The study was conducted according to systematic observations based on the ecological classification of the quality of surface water and estuates in Ukraine, which includes a set of hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and other indicators reflecting the peculiarities of components of aqueous ecosystems. On the basis of unified ecological criteria, the technique allows you to compare the water quality in separate areas of water objects, in water objects of different regions. The calculation of the ecological assessment of water quality was carried out within three blocks: a block of saline composition (I1), a block of troph-sanitary (ecological-sanitary) indicators (I2) and a block of indicators of specific substances of toxic action (I3). The results are presented in the form of a combined ecological assessment, based on the final conclusions of three blocks and is to calculate the integral ecological index (IE). The results of observations on the qualitative state of surface water in the Tetereva Basin, the right tributaries of the Dnieper “Good”, “clean” water (II class of quality) here are less than half (47%) of all observation points. Such a quality is the water of the rivers of Irsha, Guiva, rotten, varnia, teter. In 6% of cases, “satisfactory”, “contaminated” water of the quality of the quality (3,7 ≤ IE ≤5,4), namely: r. Teters, within the city of Zhytomyr, 200 m above the fall of the River Forest Kamyanka and River Forest Kamenka, within the city of Zhytomyr, 100 m above the fall in Teter. Waters of all other research points occupy an intermediate position between II and III of quality classes and are evaluated as “good”, “clean” and “satisfactory”, “contaminated”. The water of the pools Irpen and dew, represented by the rivers Irpin, Rostavitsa and Kamenka, are characterized by the second class of quality “good”, “clean”. Executed researches allowed to analyze and evaluate the ecological state of the rivers of the rivers of the Zhytomyr region within the Dnipro River basin, which will establish the environmental standards of water quality and to determine the basic areas for improving the state of water resources and substantiate the system of recommendations aimed at improving the environmental state of the basins under study in the boundary of the area.

Ор және Қарғалы өзендері беткі суларының геоэкологиялық жағдайы

Берілген мақалада беткі сулардың географиялық орта, жалпы қоршаған ортадағы маңызына назар аударылып, қазіргі таңда су ресурстарының антропогендік ластануы туралы айтылды. Мақалада Ақтөбе облысы Хромтау және Қарғалы аудандары территориясындағы беттік сулардың, нақты айтқанда осы екі ауданның басты су артериялары болып табылатын Ор және Қарғалы өзендерінің геоэкологиялық жағдайына шолу жасалынды. Аталып отырған өзендердің физикалық-географиялық ерекшеліктеріне сипаттама берілді. Беткі сулардың геоэкологиялық жағдайы судың ластану индексі көрсеткішіне негізделе отырып анықталды. Су құрамындағы ластаушы заттар концентрациясын анықтау және судың ластану индексін есептеу мақсатында гидрохимиялық талдау жасалынды. Судың ластану индексінің есептелуі мен су сапасы кластарын жіктеудің әдісі келтірілді. Гидрохимиялық талдаулар нәтижесінде судың ластану индексіне байланысты өзен сулары су сапасы бойынша кластарға жіктелді. 2019-2020 жылдар аралығындағы гидрохимиялық талдау көрсеткіштері кесте ретінде берілді және зерттелген өзен беткі суларының талдау нәтижелері келтірілді. Беткі сулардың әрбір мезгіл үшін судың ластану индексі көрсеткіші мөлшері жоғары не төмен болуы түсіндірілді. Жасалған зерттеулерге негізделе отырып қазіргі таңда Ор және Қарғалы өзендері беткі суларының геоэкологиялық жағдайын оңтайландыру үшін іске асырылуы қажет іс-шаралар бойынша ұсыныстар берілді. Сонымен қатар, мақалада физикалық карта мен зерттеулер жүргізілген кілттік нүктелер картасы берілген. Карталар ArcGIS 10.6.1. бағдарламалық жасақтамасы көмегімен жасалынды. Мақаланы жазуда далалық зерттеу әдісі, сипаттау әдісі, талдау әдісі, статистикалық әдісі, салыстырмалы-географиялық әдісі, картографиялық әдіс, геоақпараттық әдісі сияқты әдістер қолданылды.

Research into ecological status and the degree of heavy metal concentration in the waters of the Drenica river (Kosovo)

Purpose. To reflect the impact of discharge waters from the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining on the pollution of the Drenica River with heavy metals. According to our estimation, the effect of mining on the river pollution is undeniable. Methodology. The standard methods ISO 5667-6, ISO 5667-11, and ISO 5667-1.3 were used to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the Drenica River surface water. The EPA-3015A method was applied for sample preparation, while the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Standard ISO methods were applied for determining the following parameters: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NNH4, NO3-, TN, PO4P, and TP. Findings. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the river Drenica have exceeded the allowed values as a result of industrial activities. Originality. The paper supplies new additional information on the ecological status of the Drenica River, based on samples taken along the river, especially where the greatest impact of the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining could be. The problematic of this research is quite contemporary; river pollution affects the life chain. Practical value. We believe that the content and problems in the focus of the research are topical and present significant interest to all those who deal with environmental issues.

Assessment of water quality bounamoussa river in el tarf region using water quality index (Algeria)

Water quality is an important standard in matching water require and contribute. Abundant degree of freshwater is prominent for biological requirements and is a vital surface of incorporated environmental managing and sustainable development. The quality of water indices evaluation enterprise particular value which reduce the immense quantity of parameters and simply characterize data. The aim objective of the present study is to assess the suitability of surface water of Bounamoussa River situated in El-Tarf city located in the Algerian's extreme northeast, for drinking purpose based on calculated water quality index standards. Per methodology, WQI is a significant parameter to check the quality of water, and its calculation was carried out by using relations given in the water quality index computation which twelve selected parameters (pH, EC,TH, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, NH4, SO4, NO2, NO3) have been considered, which were measured at nine stations along the river during two sampling campaigns (winter and summer seasons). The results showed that the computed WQI values of Bounamoussa River surface water extend from 32,80 to 65,77 with an average 46,76 in winter and fluctuate from 35,86 to 97,46 with an average of 47,25 in summer, in general, the study region in both seasons is under excellent to good category. Water from almost all the sampled sites can be careful as suitable for drinking purposes. It’s recommended to continue monitoring the water of this ecosystem to facilitate the establishment at all levels to supervise and defend the natural resources of the region.

Biological Factors Moderate Trace Element Accumulation in Fish along an Environmental Concentration Gradient.

Trace elements can accumulate in aquatic food webs, becoming potentially hazardous to wildlife and human health. Whereas many studies have examined mercury dynamics in freshwater environments, evidence for the bioaccumulative potential of other trace elements (e.g., arsenic) is conflicting. Trace element concentrations found in surface water of the Red Deer River, Alberta, Canada, have raised concern for potential accumulation in aquatic biota. We investigated fish from this river to better understand the influence of biological and environmental factors in trace element bioaccumulation. We analyzed 20 trace elements, and stable nitrogen (δ15 N) and carbon (δ13 C) isotopes, in the muscle tissue of 8 species. Zinc, selenium, arsenic, chromium, and nickel were detected in the majority of fish at low concentrations. However, mercury was detected in all fish and often exceeded criteria for the protection of consumers. Body size was often positively correlated with trace element concentrations. In addition, δ15 N and δ13 C were correlated to mercury and arsenic concentrations, indicating that mercury biomagnifies whereas arsenic biodiminishes. Spatial patterns of fish trace element concentrations did not reflect differences in surface water concentrations. These findings indicate that fish trace element concentrations are primarily moderated by biological factors, such as trophic position and body size, and are not locally restricted to areas of relatively high environmental concentrations in the Red Deer River. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:422-434. © 2020 SETAC.