Surface Of Titanium Plate Research Articles

Application of titanium plate reconstruction in laminoplasty during the thoracolumbar burst fractures

Objective To investigate the application value of using reconstruction of the posterior wall of vertebral canal with titantium plate and bone grafting in the thoracolumbar burst fracture surgery. Methods Twenty-seven patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture with spinal cord injury were treated with posterior pedicle screw fixation+ holo-laminectomy+ titanium plate bending for reconstruction of posterior expansive laminoplasty, and the depressurized lamina process was trimmed into bone grains and were mixed with allogeneic bone for bone grafting along the titanium plate surface. The kyphotic Cobb angle, bone graft fusion, and neurological recovery were of the patients were assessed after procedure. Results The postoperative CT and MRI findings in 27 patients suggested that the vertebral canal volume recovered well, the spinal cord compression relieve was satisfactory. The neurological function of 16 patients was improved during the hospitalization. All patients were followed up after discharge. They were followed up for 12 to 30 months (mean 17.8 months). Their final neurological function was improved in 21 patients compare with before procedure (ASIA grade: type A 3 cases, type B 6 cases, type C 8 cases, and type D 10 cases), and 14 of them recovered completely, 7 recovered partially, and 6 did not have any changes (ASIA grade: type A 3 cases, type B 3 cases, type C 3 cases, type D 4 cases, and type E 14 cases). The function improvement rate of the patients was 78% (21/27) after procedure. No symptoms of delayed spinal cord compression were observed during the follow up period. The internal fixation screw rods of 9 patients were removed from 13 to 21 months after procedure because of their personal reasons, but the forming titantium plates were reserved. All patients did not have the phenomena including increased kyphosis angle, titantium plate shift, deformation, and decreased vertebral canal volume. The bone grafting fusion rate was 100%. No spine instability was observed. There was no significant differences in the lost degrees of kyphosis angle and the height change ratio of the injured vertebrae (P>0.05). Conclusions Using titanium plate for laminoplasty and bone grafting are simple, safe and reliable after surgical reduction decompression and fixation in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with spinal cord injury. It is conducive to maintaining the integrity and stability of spines. The recovery of spinal cord function is satisfactory. Key words: Titanium plate; Thoracolumbar fracture; Fracture

Characterisation of Ni-Ti intermetallic coatings formed on Cp titanium by diffusion treatment

In order to produce a thick near equi–atomic NiTi intermetallic layer on the surface of titanium plate, layers of nickel with thicknesses of 30 µm and 60 µm were electroplated on commercial pure (Cp) titanium and subsequently were heat treated at 850°C and 900°C. The effects of heat treating temperature and the thickness of electroplated nickel on the evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. The results confirm the formation of various intermetallic layers in the coatings that substantially affect their hardness. The optimum condition for the formation of a thick NiTi intermetallic layer on the outer surface of the titanium was diffusion treatment of the sample electrodeposited with 30 µm nickel at 900µC for 12 h. The hardness of this layer was found to be 280 HV0.15.

Physicochemical properties and in vitro cytocompatibility of modified titanium surfaces prepared via micro-arc oxidation with different calcium concentrations

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of calcium concentration in the electrolyte solution on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of coatings formed by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) on titanium surfaces. MethodsThe surfaces of pure titanium plates were modified by MAO in an electrolytic solution containing calcium acetate (CA; C4H6CaO4) at concentrations of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3M and β-glycerophosphate disodium salt pentahydrate (β-GP; C3H7Na2O6P·5H2O) at a fixed concentration of 0.02M. Surface topography, elemental characteristics, phase composition, and roughness were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and a surface roughness tester, respectively. To assess the cytocompatibility and osteoinductivity of the surfaces, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on the surfaces in vitro, and cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation were observed. ResultsThe porous MAO coating was composed primarily of TiO2 rutile and anatase. The amount of TiO2 rutile, the Ca/P ratio, and the surface roughness of the MAO coating increased with increasing CA concentration in the electrolyte solution. Ca3(PO4)2, CaCO3, and CaTiO3 were formed on MAO-treated surfaces prepared with CA concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3M. Cell proliferation and differentiation increased with increasing CA concentration, with MC3T3-E1 cells exhibiting favorable morphologies for bone–implant integration. ConclusionsMAO coating improves the surface characteristics and cytocompatibility of titanium for osseointegration. Higher CA concentration in the MAO electrolyte solution has a positive effect on the surface properties, chemical composition, and cell response.

High-performance scaffolds on titanium surfaces: osteoblast differentiation and mineralization promoted by a globular fibrinogen layer through cell-autonomous BMP signaling.

Titanium has been widely used as a dental implant material. However, it takes several months for the implant body to bind with the jawbone. To develop new bioactive modification on titanium surfaces to achieve full osseointegration expeditiously, we used fibrinogen and fibronectin as bioactive scaffolds on the titanium plate, which are common extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We analyzed the features of the surface of ECM-modified titanium plates by atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry. We also evaluated the effect of ECM modification on promoting the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts on these surfaces. Fibrinogen had excellent adsorption on titanium surfaces even at low concentrations, due to the binding ability of fibrinogen via its RGD motif. The surface was composed of a fibrinogen monolayer, in which the ratio of β-sheets was decreased. Osteoblast proliferation on ECM-modified titanium surface was significantly promoted compared with titanium alone. Calcification on the modified surface was also accelerated. These ECM-promoting effects correlated with increased expression of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) by the osteoblasts themselves and were inhibited by Noggin, a BMP inhibitor. These results suggest that the fibrinogen monolayer-modified titanium surface is recognized as bioactive scaffolds and promotes bone formation, resulting in the acceleration of osseointegration.

Formation of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Coating on Titanium Plates

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has long been used as a coating material in the implant industry for orthopedic implant applications. HA is the natural inorganic constituent of bone and teeth. By coating titanium (base material of implant engineering because of its lightness and durability) with hydroxyapatite, we can provide higher biocompatibility of titanium implants, according to HA ability to form a direct biochemical bond with living tissues. This article reports a biomimetic approach for coating hydroxyapatite with titanium A method of modifying the surface of titanium by organic modifiers (for creating functional groups on the surface), followed by formation self-assembled layer of biomimetic hydroxyapatite in simulated body fluid (SBF). FTIR and XPS confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium surface. Comparative study of the formation of HA on the surface of titanium plates modified by different functional groups: Ti(≡OH), Ti/(≡Si-OH) and Ti/(≡COOH) is conducted. It was found that the closest to natural stoichiometric hydroxyapatite Ca/P ratio was obtained on Ti/(≡COOH) samples. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.20.3.4974

Bioactive hybrid coatings of poly(ε-caprolactone)–silica xerogel on titanium for biomedical applications

Poly(ε-caprolactone)–silica xerogel (PCL–SiO2) hybrid coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of titanium (Ti) plates via a sol–gel spin-coating technique. The influences of the SiO2 content on the phase composition, surface morphology, wettability and in vitro bioactivity of the coatings were investigated. The results showed that silica xerogel was homogeneously hybridized with PCL when the SiO2 content was less than 30%, forming hybrid coatings with a quite smooth and dense surface. Moreover, the PCL-30% SiO2 hybrid coatings exhibited a significant improvement in hydrophilicity and apatite-forming ability as compared to the pure PCL coatings, thus potentially serving as a good candidate to improve the biological performance of the Ti implants.

Hydroxyapatite electrodeposition on anodized titanium nanotubes for orthopedic applications

Nanotubes modification for orthopedic implants has shown interesting biological performances (such as improving cell adhesion, cell differentiation, and enhancing osseointegration). The purpose of this study is to investigate effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube feature on performance of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium (Ti) bone implants. TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodization using ammonium fluoride electrolyte (NH4F) with and without modifiers (PEG400 and Glycerol) at various potential forms, and times. After anodization, the nanotubes were subsequently annealed. TiO2 nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer. The amorphous to anatase transformation due to annealing was observed. Smooth and highly organized TiO2 nanotubes were found when high viscous electrolyte, NH4F in glycerol, was used. Negative voltage (−4 V) during anodization was confirmed to increase nanotube thickness. Length of the TiO2 nanotubes was significantly increased by times. The TiO2 nanotube was electrodeposited with hydroxyapatite (HA) and its adhesion was estimated by adhesive tape test. The result showed that nanotubes with the tube length of 560 nm showed excellent adhesion. The coated HA were tested for biological test by live/dead cell straining. HA coated on TiO2 nanotubes showed higher cells density, higher live cells, and more spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells than that growing on titanium plate surface.

Surface Characteristics of Ti/IrO2 Anode Material and its Electrocatalytic Properties for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Degradation in Aqueous Solution

In this study, electrochemical degradation of 16 priority PAHs was examined using Ti/IrO2 anode. Iridium dioxide (IrO2) was coated by thermal decomposition of appropriate precursor solution on surface of titanium plate. Surface morphology of coated surface was observed by FESEM and XRD analysis. All electrochemical experiments were conducted using synthetic solution of PAHs in a batch cell under galvanostatic condition. GC-MS was used to quantify PAHs concentration. Electrochemical oxidation results reveal significant degradation of PAHs at Ti/IrO2 surface. Total PAHs removal was about 97 % at all studied initial pH values 3, 6 and 9 in the presence of electrolyte. Crystalline surface of Ti/IrO2 anode exhibited good electrocatalytic properties towards PAHs degradation.

Dependence of anodic titanium (IV) oxide properties on activator composition

The process of obtaining a secondary carrier of catalytically active substance for its application in catalysis was considered and some results of our research in this field were given. The main objective of the study is to examine the dependence of properties of titanium (IV) oxide, obtained by anodization method, on the activator composition. Porous titanium (IV) oxide layer was obtained by titanium plate anodizing in electrolyte consisting of aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid and activator. By changing the activator composition its effect on the properties of secondary carrier and optimal anodizing time was studied. The presented method allows estimating the dependence of thickness and porosity of the obtained secondary carrier and optimal anodization time on the activator composition. The results of the study can be used in electrochemistry and catalysis for improving the process of obtaining secondary carrier forcatalytically active substances. We propose to improve the process of getting secondary carrier for catalytically active substances on the surface of titanium plate using more efficient activator.

Structure and composition of nanotubes formed during the anode oxidation of titanium

The structure and composition of nanotubes ≈1.5 μm long and ≈100 nm in diameter, formed electrolytically on the surfaces of titanium plates in a two-electrode cell at room temperature in a 0.5 wt % NH4F solution in ethylene glycol and glycerin, were studied by analytical and diffraction transmission electron microscopy.

Effects of a hybrid micro/nanorod topography-modified titanium implant on adhesion and osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Background and methodsVarious methods have been used to modify titanium implant surfaces with the aim of achieving better osseointegration. In this study, we fabricated a clustered nanorod structure on an acid-etched, microstructured titanium plate surface using hydrogen peroxide. We also evaluated biofunctionalization of the hybrid micro/nanorod topography on rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction were used to investigate the surface topography and phase composition of the modified titanium plate. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured and seeded on the plate. The adhesion ability of the cells was then assayed by cell counting at one, 4, and 24 hours after cell seeding, and expression of adhesion-related protein integrin β1 was detected by immunofluorescence. In addition, a polymerase chain reaction assay, alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red S staining assays, and osteopontin and osteocalcin immunofluorescence analyses were used to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation behavior of the cells.ResultsThe hybrid micro/nanoscale texture formed on the titanium surface enhanced the initial adhesion activity of the rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Importantly, the hierarchical structure promoted osteogenic differentiation of these cells.ConclusionThis study suggests that a hybrid micro/nanorod topography on a titanium surface fabricated by treatment with hydrogen peroxide followed by acid etching might facilitate osseointegration of a titanium implant in vivo.

Electrical signals guided entrapment and controlled release of antibiotics on titanium surface

Electrical signals are used to trigger the entrapment and release of antibiotics on the surface of titanium plate. The entrapment of antibiotics relies on the electrochemically induced pH gradient generated at the titanium surface that allows the gelation of an aminopolysaccharide chitosan and codeposition of vancomycin, a common antibiotic, within chitosan gel. The release of vancomycin is controlled by an anodic signal imposed to the titanium plate that causes a pH decrease and erosion of chitosan gel. We show that the on demand entrapment and release of vancomycin at the surface of titanium plate is fundamentally altered and controlled by voltage. We expect that this rapid, mild and facile electrochemical process for antibiotics loading and release will find applications in controlled drug release from titanium implants.

Electrocatalyst oxidation of formic acid on Pt nanoparticles/Ti electrode

A potent catalyst, platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) supported on titanium substrate (Pt-NPs/Ti), was prepared. The morphology and surface analysis of Pt-NPs/Ti electrodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy respectively. The results indicate that Pt-NPs are homogeneously deposited on the surface of titanium plates. Electrochemical characteristics of formic acid oxidation on Pt-NPs/Ti electrodes were investigated via cyclic voltammetric in mixed 0·1M formic acid and 0·1M H2SO4 solutions. The results were compared to those at a polycrystalline smooth platinum electrode. It was found that the electrocatalytic oxidation of formic acid on the Pt-NPs/Ti electrode increases the rate of formic acid electro-oxidation several times larger than a smooth platinum electrode and confirmed the better electrocatalytic activity and stability of Pt-NPs/Ti electrodes.

Photocatalytic activity of titania layer prepared by oxidizing titanium compounds on titanium plate surface

Anatase-type nanocrystalline titania layers were prepared by oxidizing the crystalline titanium nitride and carbon-doped titanium nitride phases prepared on a titanium plate surface. Identification of the crystalline phase was confirmed by the XRD patterns and Raman spectra of these plates. The photocatalytic activity of the plates was evaluated by observing the photocalytic degradation process of acetaldehyde gas during UV irradiation by gas chromatography. A relatively larger amount of the anatase phase was formed on the very thin surface layer by heating the carbon-doped titanium nitride phase at 500°C, and it exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity for the acetaldehyde degradation. The activity was determined not only by the amount of the anatase phase, but also by the crystallite size depending on the surface area and charge transfer efficiency. The photocatalytic activity is suggested to be due to the anatase phase existing on the thin surface layer accessible to the reactants.

Influence of Bacteria on Spinal Implant-Centered Infection

an in vitro and in vivo experimental study. this study was undertaken to evaluate differences in the capability of inducing an implant-centered infection between Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. bacterial infection is still one of the most serious and devastating complications after orthopedic implant surgery despite the advent of new antibiotics and treatment methods. S. aureus and M. tuberculosis were separately cultured with titanium plates. The bacteria colonized on the plates were isolated and cultured on culture medium. They were evaluated and compared by colony-forming units enumeration. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the difference in the colonization features of the 2 pathogens. In the in vivo experiment, 22 dogs were used to assess the susceptibility to infection after a local bacterial challenge with either S. aureus or M. tuberculosis. S. aureus showed heavy adhesion and multiplication on the surface of titanium plates in vitro, whereas M. tuberculosis rarely adhered to the surface of the plates. Under scanning electron microscopy, S. aureus colonization was observed: the coccoid was widespread on the surface of the plates but only a few M. tuberculosis cells scattered on the surface of the plates. In in vivo test, the infection rateforthe S. aureus inoculation was higher than that for the M. tuberculosis challenge. The infection rate for the entire test population (n = 44 sites) was 39.58% (19/48). The infection rates were 54.17% (13/24) for the S. aureus challenge and 25% (6/24) for the M. tuberculosis challenge, respectively (P < 0.05). it is less likely for M. tuberculosis to adhere and form a biofilm on an implant surface than S. aureus. Under otherwise identical conditions, M. tuberculosis contamination following instrumented spine surgery might lead to less occurrence of infection than S. aureus contamination.

Preparation of palladium nanoparticles–titanium electrodes as a new anode for direct methanol fuel cells

Pd nanoparticle/Ti electrodes are prepared by electroless plating of palladium on titanium plates. The morphology and surface analysis of Pd nanoparticle/Ti electrodes are investigated using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicate that palladium nanoparticles are homogeneously deposited on the surface of titanium plates. The electro-catalytic activity of Pd nanoparticle/Ti electrodes in the methanol electro-oxidation is studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry methods. The results show that the electro-catalytic oxidation of methanol on the Pd nanoparticle/Ti electrode improved compare to pure palladium electrode and confirmed the better electro-catalytic activity and stability of these new electrodes.

Photoelectrochemical Decomposition of VOCs on an Anodized TiO2 Plate

AbstractThe immobilization technique is important to extend the application field of a photocatalyst. The titanium plate surface was changed into a TiO

Calcium Phosphate Coating on AT Titanium Plate by CD and BD Methods

Bonelike apatite coating on metal implants is an effective method to enhance bioactive properties of the metal surface. In the present study, the effectiveness of cathode deposition (CD) coating methods was investigated. And biomimetic deposition (BD) was also investigated as the parallel. The revised simulated body fluid (R-SBF) was chosen as an electrolyte and simulated body fluid. Both deposition methods could produce bonelike apatite coating on rough surfaces of the titanium. The uniformity of the CD coatings were better than the BD coatings’. And CD method was less sensitive to the condition of the titanium plate surfaces and much faster in the coating deposition. The spectra of FTIR showed that the characteristic peaks of CO3 2- apeared on the surface of ceramics, combined with spectra of XRD and SEM, it was concluded that a sertain thickness of bonelike apatite coating could be formed on the acided treatment (AT) titanium plate surfaces by CD method.

Silicon Contamination Adsorbed on Pure Titanium Plate during Soaking Test in Hanks' Balanced Saline Solution

Silicon contamination adsorbed on pure Titanium plate during soaking test in Hanks’ balanced saline solution (HBSS) and distilled water was investigated. Amounts of silicon eluted from various materials of vessels were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The amounts of silicon deposited on the surface of pure titanium plates after soaking were evaluated by XPS. The amounts of eluted silicon in the solutions were dependent on the materials of vessels and pH value of solutions. The surface concentration of silicon on titanium plates reflected the amounts of eluted silicon in solutions. It is possible to reduce the silicon contamination by choosing suitable vessels as containers for solutions. However, in spite of using a vessel with no silicon elution, surface concentration of silicon on titanium plates was detected because of the silicon impurity of solution itself.

Electrochemical Study of Phase Transition Processes in Lithium Insertion in V 2 O 5 Electrodes

The lithium intercalation into a substrate was studied by chronopotentiometry. The samples were prepared by atomic layer chemical vapor deposition which provides homogenous and coherent layers at the surface of titanium plates. During the chargedischarge process, various phase transitions occurred in the system which induced a large change in the diffusion coefficient of lithium. To obtain an accurate analysis of the intercalation mechanism, the diffusion equation with a variable diffusion coefficient was solved by digital simulation. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the system are represented by an analytical model based on the complementary error function. This procedure was useful for study of the electrode behavior in a large concentration range or in a large potential domain. The influence of various parameters, such as the thickness of the sample or the thermodynamic enhancement factor, were examined. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.