Surface Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Ionophore-Based SERS Sensing for Electrolyte Cations.

We present here a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based platform for selectively detecting electrolyte cations. This platform facilitates the reorientation of the chromoionophore I (CHI) molecule positioned on the surface of silver nanoparticles, regulated by the targeted electrolyte cation within the ionophore-based ion-selective sensing framework. When exposed to the target ions, leading to deprotonation, the aromatic plane of the CHI molecule shifts from an endwise to an edgewise configuration on the SERS substrate surface. This reorientation improves the coupling of the induced dipole within the molecule and the induced electromagnetic field normal to the surface, leading to a heightened and more discernible SERS signal. Additionally, NMR data revealed a protonation-dependent conformational change in the CHI molecules. Upon protonation, the side chain of the CHI molecule extends away from its aromatic ring, whereas upon deprotonation, the carbon chain folds back and closely approaches the edge of the aromatic plane, further confirming this conclusion. Using Ca2+ and Na+ as examples, this method shows a detection limit of 0.1 μM for Ca2+ and 1 μM for Na+ with high selectivity. The successful application of the versatile and rapidly advancing SERS technique for electrolyte cation detection shows a promising pathway for enhancing current ion detection capabilities. As a preliminary demonstration, the total Ca2+ concentration in undiluted human serum was successfully determined, with common matrix interference effectively circumvented.

Solution-Processable and Eco-Friendly Functionalization of Conductive Silver Nanoparticles Inks for Printable Electronics

The functionalization of conductive inks has been carried out through the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) onto the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The ink prepared using this eco-friendly chemical reagent has been characterized structurally, chemically, and morphologically, showing the presence of stable AgNPs with suitable properties as well as the absence of residual contamination. The electrical conductivity of such a solution-processable ink is evidenced for patterns designed on flexible photographic paper substrates, using a refillable fountain pen that is implemented as a printing mechanism for the fabrication of simple printed circuit boards (PCBs). The functionality and durability of the tested systems are demonstrated under various mechanical constraints, aiming to basically reproduce the normal operation conditions of flexible electronic devices. The obtained results indicate that the implementation of these AgNP-based inks is relevant for direct applications in inkjet printing technology, thus paving the way for the use of greener chemicals in ink preparation.

Pesticide Identification Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations: From Structural Insights to On-Site Detection.

Pesticides play an important role in conventional agriculture. Yet, their harmful effects on the environment are becoming increasingly apparent. The occurrence of pesticides is hence being monitored worldwide. For fast, easy, yet sensitive identification, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool. In this study, a method is introduced that may be amended to in-field detection of pesticides. Gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized, size-tailored, and characterized. The herbicide paraquat and the fungicide thiram served as model compounds. The preparation yielded reproducible SERS spectra. Using quantum chemical computation, Raman and SERS spectra were calculated and analyzed. The interpretation of vibrational modes in combination with SERS enhancement and attenuation allowed us to identify compound-specific bands. The assignment was interpreted in terms of the orientation of paraquat and thiram on the gold and silver nanoparticle surfaces. Paraquat preferred a co-planar arrangement parallel to the gold nanoparticle surface and a head-on orientation on the silver nanoparticle. For thiram, breaking of the disulfide bond was recognized, such that interaction with the surface occurred via the sulfur atoms. Successful detection of the pesticides after recollection from vegetable leaves demonstrated the method's applicability for pesticide identification.

Silver nanoparticles green-formulated by a medicinal plant for the treatment of pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancers

Pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancers are common cancers with severe clinical signs. Finding a new anticancer supplement or drug inside of the chemotherapeutic drug is valuable. We synthesized iron nanoparticles containing pomegranate fruit aqueous extract for investigating anti-pancreatic cancer, anti-colorectal cancer, and anti-gastric cancer, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant effects. The AgNPs synthesized using green formulation underwent characterization through FT-IR, UV–Vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. The UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis revealed that the nanoparticles displayed peak absorption at around 442 nm. The peaks at 77.105, 64.205, 44.180, and 37.835 corresponding to silver nanoparticles (311), (220), (200), and (111) diffraction planes, indicate the AgNPs formation. The signals at energy of 2.64 and 3.02 keV are assigned for Ag Lα and Ag Lβ. The signals 0.27 (for C Lα) and 0.52 (O Lα) prove the secondary metabolites linkage of extract to the synthetic silver nanoparticles surface. In vitro experiments, after 3–4 passages, the cancer cells (colorectal carcinoma (Ramos.2G6.4C10 and HT-29), gastric cancer (KATO III and MKN45), and pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1)) and normal cell (HUVEC) were prepared in number and morphology terms. After separating the cells from the flask surface using trypsin-EDTA, the viability and count of the cells were evaluated. Subsequently, a total of 3 × 103 cells were cultured, with the option of including or excluding nanoparticles. IC50 of silver nanoparticles was 183, 209, 203, 218, 228, and 157 on Ramos.2G6.4C10, HT-29, KATO III, MKN45, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1 cancer cells. In this research, the maximum antioxidant effectiveness against DPPH was documented to be around 100 % when tested 1000 μg/ml.

Bromelain-loaded silver nanoparticles: Formulation, characterization and biological activity

Bromelain (BL), a type of proteolytic enzymes from Ananas comosus (pineapple), has a variety of therapeutic potentials; nevertheless, its low bioavailability has restricted the clinical applications. The main aim of the current research was to develop a green synthesized Ag-BL nanoparticles via a cost-effective route to improve the physicochemical and antimicrobial characteristics as a novel agent for medical applications. In the present study, Bromelain was loaded on the silver nanoparticle surface via covalent bonds through green synthesis method. The physicochemical properties of Ag-BL nanoparticles characterized by following a detailed analysis over scanning electron microscopy, zeta potential, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction studies. The antifungal and antibacterial activity were investigated by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methods and the results were compared with Ag NPs and plain bromelain. The cytotoxicity of Ag-BL nanoparticles was investigated by MTT assay. The TEM and XRD techniques revealed the successful biosynthesis of Ag-BL nanoparticles in spherical shape with the mean size of 7 to 24 nm and FTIR analysis pattern proved the attachments of bromelain and Ag nanoparticles in the fabricated nanostructure. The negative zeta value of the Ag-BL nanoparticles (−50 to –32 mV) indicates their high stability in the suspension. The Ag-BL nanoparticles demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against various types of fungi and bacteria strains with a MIC range of 4–32 and 4–64 μg/mL, respectively. The MTT assay analysis determined the acceptable cell safety of Ag-BL nanoparticles. Generally, the results confirmed that Ag-BL nanoparticles could develop a new insight to produce antimicrobial products for biomedical applications.

SERS detection of dopamine using metal-chelated Ag nanoshell.

As the concentrations of different neurotransmitters can indicate the presence of certain disorders affecting brain functions, quantitative analyses of neurotransmitters have attracted increasing attention in various fields. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy is an outstanding spectroscopic analytical tool that enables detection at the single molecule level with high specificity. As local field enhancement of surface plasmon is effective within nanometers, active interaction between SERS-active noble metals (gold and silver) and analyte molecules enhances the molecular detection capacity of SERS. However, neurotransmitters and noble metal nanoparticles are often not affinitive, because neurotransmitters generally have a hydroxyl group rather than a thiol group. As a result, the interaction between the two typically remains inactive, which makes detection more difficult. To overcome this limitation, in the present work we utilized metal-chelation to attract dopamine, a neurotransmitter molecule, close to the surface of silver nanoparticles. AgNS was capped with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and sequentially integrated with copper ion to bind dopamine in the form of chelate bonding between dopamine and copper. The PVA linked AgNS and metal ions through a coordinate bond between hydroxyl groups and metal ions. This metal-chelation-functionalized nanoprobe allowed us to stably detect dopamine in aqueous solution at a concentration of less than 10-6 M. Therefore, this method provides a convenient and easy-to-prepare option for the effective detection of dopamine, thus meaning it has the potential to be applied to other neurotransmitters.

Strong coupling of exciton in organic material and plasmonic wgm localized on the surface of silver nanoparticles

Strong coupling of exciton in organic material and plasmonic wgm localized on the surface of silver nanoparticles

Confined-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

In 1997, the discovery of single molecule-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SM-SERS) rekindled broad interests owing to its ultrahigh enhancement factor up to the 1014-1015 level. However, regretfully, the advantage of SM-SERS with an ultralow detection limit has not yet been fully utilized in commercialized applications. Here, we report a strategy, which we name confined-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, in which the overall Raman properties can be remarkably improved with in situ-formed active nanoshell on the surface of silver or gold nanoparticles. The nanoshell can confine and anchor molecules onto the surface of plasmonic nanoparticles and avoid desorption from hot spots so that the "on and off" blinking effect can be eliminated. It is the first time the single-molecule detection of analytes with super sensitivity, high stability, and reproducibility based on gold nanoparticles has been realized. In addition, this strategy is suitable for SERS detection in diverse molecule systems, including biomedical diagnosis, catalytic reaction, etc.

Ultra-sensitive mercury detection from surface wrapping of carbon dots reduced and decorated silver nanoparticles on SERS fiber probes

Highly selective and sensitive detection of toxic mercury ions (Hg2+) has become a critical issue in recent decades, due to increasing environmental and health requirements. Herein, carbon dots reduced and decorated Ag (CDs/Ag) nanoparticles based fiber probes were fabricated, providing a “turn-off” surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for low-concentration Hg2+ ions detection. The CDs/Ag nanoparticles fiber probe exhibits better SERS performance than that of Ag nanoparticles fiber, attributed to the stronger electromagnetic intensities induced by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and larger hot-spot areas resulting from the interaction between silver nanoparticles and carbon dots, under 532 nm beam excitation. As low as 10−11 M Hg2+ ions can be detected through the decrease in Raman scattering intensities of CV molecules, due to the SERS inactive Hg metal layer wrapping the surface of silver nanoparticles, through the reduction of Hg2+ ions by carbon dots. The dropping of silver nanoparticles’ LSPR induced absorption peak, EDS elemental mapping, and XPS analysis all confirm that the wrapping decreases the LSPR effect and corresponding Raman intensity. Furthermore, the detection shows high selectivity and can only be applied for detecting Hg2+ ions, owing to the reduction capability of carbon dots. The close analysis results obtained using SERS fiber probes and commercial inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for detecting Hg2+ ions in real water sample confirm the reliability of this detection method. This research indicates the CDs/Ag fiber probe has a great potential application for environmental Hg2+ ions detection.

Controlled shrinkage surface driven by solvent evaporation for highly sensitive residual fungicides detection

In this study, a suite of novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates were fabricated based on the synergistic shrinkage surface of gelatin gels and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Based on the controllable evaporation rate of solvent in the gelatin gel, the arrangement of surface-loaded AgNPs showed to form a series of more compact nanogaps and serve as SERS hotspots induced by a significant gelatin shrinkage. The constructed Gelatin@AgNPs substrates demonstrated excellent SERS sensitivity with an enhancement factor of 1.83 × 105 and could to detect 10-9 M R6G prove molecule. These experimental results were in good agreement with the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) simulations calculations. More critically, the Gelatin@AgNPs substrates could be as superb SERS platform for detecting the malachite green (MG) fungicides as low as 10-9 M concentrations in actual lake water, and expected to serve as a fast and simple method for highly sensitive hazardous contaminants and fungicides detection in aquaculture fields.

Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles and Stressors Generate Synergistic Growth Inhibition in Candida Species through Cell Wall Damage, Osmotic Stress, and Oxidative Stress.

The need to combat and reduce the incidence, virulence, and drug resistance of species belonging to Candida genus, has led to the development of new strategies. Nanotechnology, through the implementation of nanomaterials, has emerged as an infallible tool to treat various diseases caused by pathogens, where its mechanisms of action prevent the development of undesirable pharmacological resistance. The antifungal activity and adjuvant properties of biogenic silver nanoparticles in different Candida species (C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, and C. albicans) are evaluated. The biogenic metallic nanoparticles were developed by quercetin-mediated biological synthesis. The physicochemical properties were studied by light scattering, electrophoretic mobility, UV-vis and infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The elucidation of mechanisms of antifungal action was carried out under stress conditions in Candida species at the cell wall and response to oxidative stress. Small silver nanoparticles (≈ 16.18 nm) with irregular morphology, and negative surface electrical charge (≈ -48.99 mV), were obtained through quercetin-mediated biosynthesis. Infrared spectra showed that the surface of silver nanoparticles is functionalized with the quercetin molecule. The antifungal activity of biogenic nanoparticles had efficacy in the following trend C. glabrata ≥ C. parapsilosis > C. albicans. Biogenic nanoparticles and stressors showed synergistic and potentiated antifungal effects through cell damage, osmotic stress, cell wall damage, and oxidative stress. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by quercetin-mediated biosynthesis could be implemented as a powerful adjuvant agent to enhance the inhibition effects of diverse compounds over different Candida species.

Investigation of Triadimenol fungicide through DFT-based analysis of FT-IR, Raman, and SERS spectra

Fungi are responsible for significant crop losses every year. Due to the modernization and high demand for agriculture, chemical control is used to manage diseases caused by these microorganisms. Triadimenol (TN) is a triazole fungicide widely used to combat these pests, so the characterization of its physical and chemical properties is crucial. However, despite its extensive use, the vibrational study of TN has yet to be published in the literature. In this work, TN was studied by DFT-based analysis and FT-IR, Raman, and SERS spectroscopy. The simulated vibrational spectra of TN obtained from these analyses exhibited good concordance with the experimental spectrum, and the vibrational assignments were consistent with analogous molecules documented in previous studies. The interaction between TN and the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was inferred by comparing the theoretical SERS spectrum with experimental SERS and solid-state spectra. Similar to other triazole fungicides, TN also interacts with AgNPs through the triazole functional group.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Active Core-Shell Ag NPs@Carbon Dots with Enzyme-Mimicking Activities for Label-Free Measurement Cholesterol.

Serological-sensitive testing of cholesterol holds significant value in the fields of healthcare and clinical diagnosis. This study reports on the preparation of peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes through the wrapping of N, S-doped carbon dots (DCDs) on the surface of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@DCD). The shell-core structure of Ag NPs@DCD displays peroxidase-mimicking capability, with the potential to catalyze inactive Raman probe molecules into the Raman reporters. Furthermore, a "shell-isolated nanoparticles-enhanced Raman spectroscopy" structure exhibited an enhanced Raman signal of reporter molecules. Ag NPs@DCD were utilized to create a label-free SERS sensing system for high-performance detection of cholesterol in serum samples. These results demonstrate the potential of the novel nanozyme-based SERS approach for clinical diagnosis.

Bacteria-Targeting Nanosilver-Based Antibacterial Drugs for Efficient Treatment of Drug-Resistant Bacterial-Infected Keratitis.

Keratitis caused by drug-resistant bacteria is a severe condition that can lead to corneal perforation and even blindness, making effective treatment a top priority amid growing antibiotic resistance. Eye drops for anti-inflammatory treatment necessitate frequent administration of high doses throughout every day due to bacterial resistance resulting from antibiotic overuse and the low bioavailability of drugs. To overcome these issues, an antibacterial nanocomposite is prepared via conjugating random copolymers of galactose and 3-(acrylamide)phenylboronic acid to the surface of silver nanoparticles. The customized nanocomposites trigger specific binding to bacteria, resulting in excellent retention of the drug on the ocular surface, resulting in rapid and powerful killing of bacteria and inhibition of bacterial proliferation. Due to its superior drug delivery capabilities to the ocular surface, the functionalized nanocomplex markedly amplifies the anti-inflammatory efficacy, even at low doses. This effect is achieved by impeding immune cell infiltration and diminishing the synthesis of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, thereby suggesting enhanced healing properties for corneal inflammation. This study demonstrates a promising nanocomposite which is an effective and safe antibacterial strategy for bacterial keratitis with favorable prognostic and clinical conversion potential.

Shape Dependence of Silver-Nanoparticle-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoclusters with Small Molecules as Capping Ligands.

In this study, differently shaped silver nanoparticles used for the synthesis of gold nanoclusters with small capping ligands were demonstrated. Silver nanoparticles provide a reaction platform that plays dual roles in the formation of Au NCs. One is to reduce gold ions and the other is to attract capping ligands to the surface of nanoparticles. The binding of capping ligands to the AgNP surface creates a restricted space on the surface while gold ions are being reduced by the particles. Four different shapes of AgNPs were prepared and used to examine whether or not this approach is dependent on the morphology of AgNPs. Quasi-spherical AgNPs and silver nanoplates showed excellent results when they were used to synthesize Au NCs. Spherical AgNPs and triangular nanoplates exhibited limited synthesis of Au NCs. TEM images demonstrated that Au NCs were transiently assembled on the surface of silver nanoparticles in the method. The formation of Au NCs was observed on the whole surface of the QS-AgNPs if the synthesis of Au NCs was mediated by QS-AgNPs. In contrast, formation of Au NCs was only observed on the edges and corners of AgNPts if the synthesis of Au NCs was mediated by AgNPts. All of the synthesized Au NCs emitted bright red fluorescence under UV-box irradiation. The synthesized Au NCs displayed similar fluorescent properties, including quantum yields and excitation and emission wavelengths.

Using pomegranate peel extract green synthesize of AG nanoparticles: characterization and antibacterial activity

In this research, the eco-friendly biogenesis of silver nanoparticles from 2 mM AgNO3 using the extraction of pomegranate peel (EPP) as the agent of reduction was explored. Analysis of the Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), UV-visible spectrum, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize Ag nanoparticles. At 425 nm, UV-visible spectra show a significant resonance on the surface of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A spectrum investigation using FTIR spectroscopy revealed that EPP operated as a reduction agent. SEM analysis reveals nanoparticles with average particle sizes ranging between 30 and 50 nm. AgNPs' antibacterial activity was also tested against Staphylococcus aureus. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), using Scherrer's equation and the refraction peak in the XRD pattern, the average particle diameter of the silver nanoparticles was determined to be 80. The silver nanoparticles formed in the brown-colored stable samples according to SEM analysis, and well-dispersed nanoparticles could be seen in the silver nitrate-treated samples. Ag nanoparticles produced by pomegranate peel extract show the maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 mol). This technique produces Ag NPs with effective antibacterial action against harmful microorganisms. One of these is silver nanoparticles, which have a substantial influence on nanotechnology and the field of nanomedicine.

Dual fluorescence-colorimetric sensor based on silver nanoparticles for determination of tobramycin in its pharmaceutical preparations

The purpose of this study is to develop a dual fluorescence-colorimetric sensor for determination of the non-chromophoric drug, tobramycin using fluorescein-modified silver nanoparticles. Fluorescein is adsorbed on the surface of silver nanoparticles resulting in quenching of the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein at 513 nm. Upon addition of tobramycin to fluorescein-bound silver nanoparticles, tobramycin can displace fluorescein from the surface of nanoparticles resulting in nanoparticles aggregation and liberation of free fluorescein restoring its fluorescence. The interaction of tobramycin with fluorescein-bound silver nanoparticles is manifested by a decrease in the surface plasmon resonance band of silver nanoparticles at 395 nm, an increase in the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein at 513 nm and color change of the colloidal solution from yellow to light pink. These spectral effects are directly proportional to the concentration of tobramycin with a linearity range of 0.10 – 0.45 μg mL−1 and 0.05 – 0.45 μg mL−1 for the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods, respectively. The proposed methods were applied for determination of tobramycin in Tobrin® ophthalmic solution with mean %recovery ± standard deviation of 99.036 ± 1.737 for the spectrophotometric method and 101.192 ± 1.315 for the spectrofluorimetric method. The optical sensor is simple, rapid, and cost-effective and can be used for determination of tobramycin in bulk and in its pharmaceutical preparations.

Strong Coupling of Exciton in Organic Material and Plasmonic Whispering Gallery Modes Localized on the Surface of Silver Nanoparticles

Strong Coupling of Exciton in Organic Material and Plasmonic Whispering Gallery Modes Localized on the Surface of Silver Nanoparticles

High thermal conductivity of green nanofluid containing Ag nanoparticles prepared by using solution plasma process with Paramignya trimera extract

Herein, we present for the first time a quick, easy, effective, and green method for preparing green nanofluids containing silver nanoparticles. The solution plasma method with a high-voltage DC power source and extracts from the Paramignya trimera was employed to prepare silver nanoparticles. The obtained results showed that silver nanoparticles were spherical, with a small average size of − 8 nm and fairly uniformly dispersed in solution. Surface plasmon resonance spectra show a strong peak at 410 nm for the prepared samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the presence of possible functional groups on the surface of silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of silver nanoparticles is also proposed. The effect of the preparation times on the thermal conductivity of nanofluid was also investigated. As a result, the nanofluids prepared with longer preparation times had higher thermal conductivity and the highest improvement of 18.3% was obtained for the nanofluid using 4 min preparation compared to the base fluid. The obtained results indicate promise for a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly method for producing nanofluids containing silver nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity for potential applications.

Antischistosomal effects of green and chemically synthesized silver nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo murine model

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in Africa, caused by blood fluke, Schistosoma sp. The use of nanotechnology in the treatment of this type of disease is urgently important to avoid the unwanted side effects of chemotherapy. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of green silver nanoparticles (G-AgNPs), fabricated by (Calotropis procera), comparing with both chemically prepared silver ones (C-AgNPs) and Praziquantel (PZQ) treatments. The study included in vitro and in vivo evaluations. In in vitro study, 4 groups of schistosome worms were exposed to treatments as follows: the first one with a dose of PZQ (0.2 µg/ml), the 2nd and 3rd groups with different concentrations of G-AgNPs and C-AgNPs, respectively and the last one act as a negative control group. In in vivo study, six groups of mice were infected and then treated as follows: the first one with a dose of PZQ, the second with G-AgNPs, the third with C-AgNPs, the fourth with G-AgNPs plus a half dose of PZQ, the fifth with C-AgNPs accompanied by a half dose of PZQ, and the last group acted as a positive control group. The parasitological (worm burden, egg count & oogram) and histopathological parameters (hepatic granuloma profile) were used to evaluate antischistosomal activities in experimental groups. Additionally, the subsequent ultrastructural alterations were observed in adult worms using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that G-AgNPs and C-AgNPs have 8–25 and 8–11 nm in diameter, respectively, besides, fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) revealed the presence of organic compounds (aromatic ring groups) which act as capping agents around the surfaces of biogenic silver nanoparticles. In in vitro experiment, adult worms incubated either with G-AgNPs or C-AgNPs at concentrations higher than 100 µg/ml or 80 µg/ml, respectively, showed full mortality of parasites after 24 h. In the infected treated groups (with G-AgNPs plus PZQ & C-AgNPs plus PZQ) showed the most significant reduction in the total worm burdens (92.17% & 90.52%, respectively). Combined treatment with C-AgNPs and PZQ showed the highest value of dead eggs (93,6%), followed by G-AgNPs plus PZQ-treated one (91%). This study showed that mice treated with G-AgNPs plus PZQ significantly has the highest percentage of reduction in granuloma size and count (64.59%, 70.14%, respectively). Both G-AgNPs plus PZQ-treated & C-AgNPs plus PZQ treated groups showed the highest similar values of reduction percentage of total ova count in tissues (98.90% & 98.62%, respectively). Concerning SEM, G-AgNPs-treated worms showed more variability in ultrastructural alterations than G-AgNPs plus PZQ-treated one, besides, worms treated with C-AgNPs plus PZQ exhibited the maximum level of contractions or (shrinkage) as a major impact.