Silver nanoparticles green-formulated by a medicinal plant for the treatment of pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancers

Abstract

Pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancers are common cancers with severe clinical signs. Finding a new anticancer supplement or drug inside of the chemotherapeutic drug is valuable. We synthesized iron nanoparticles containing pomegranate fruit aqueous extract for investigating anti-pancreatic cancer, anti-colorectal cancer, and anti-gastric cancer, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant effects. The AgNPs synthesized using green formulation underwent characterization through FT-IR, UV–Vis, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. The UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis revealed that the nanoparticles displayed peak absorption at around 442 nm. The peaks at 77.105, 64.205, 44.180, and 37.835 corresponding to silver nanoparticles (311), (220), (200), and (111) diffraction planes, indicate the AgNPs formation. The signals at energy of 2.64 and 3.02 keV are assigned for Ag Lα and Ag Lβ. The signals 0.27 (for C Lα) and 0.52 (O Lα) prove the secondary metabolites linkage of extract to the synthetic silver nanoparticles surface. In vitro experiments, after 3–4 passages, the cancer cells (colorectal carcinoma (Ramos.2G6.4C10 and HT-29), gastric cancer (KATO III and MKN45), and pancreatic cancer (MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1)) and normal cell (HUVEC) were prepared in number and morphology terms. After separating the cells from the flask surface using trypsin-EDTA, the viability and count of the cells were evaluated. Subsequently, a total of 3 × 103 cells were cultured, with the option of including or excluding nanoparticles. IC50 of silver nanoparticles was 183, 209, 203, 218, 228, and 157 on Ramos.2G6.4C10, HT-29, KATO III, MKN45, MIA PaCa-2, and PANC-1 cancer cells. In this research, the maximum antioxidant effectiveness against DPPH was documented to be around 100 % when tested 1000 μg/ml.