Surface Of Polyester Fibers Research Articles

An analysis of the moisture‐related properties of hydrolyzed polyester

AbstractAlkaline hydrolysis causes pitting of the surface of polyester (PET) fibers and films and improves their wettability, as indicated by contact angle measurements. The enhanced wettability is due to an increase in either the number or the accessibility of polymer hydrophilic groups to water and/or an increase in the roughness of sample surfaces. The increase of void space in the PET yarn and fabric structure, induced by treatment in aqueous NaOH together with the increased wettability of the fibers, was effective in improving the moisture transport properties of the materials. The NaOH‐treated PET fabrics transported the water further than isolated corresponding yarns, possibly because, in the fabrics, the spaces between the yarns acted as an additional reservoir that permitted further wicking to occur. It is apparent from immersion and equilibrium wicking capacity tests that a hydrophilic topical finish, as well as a change in the yarn/fabric structure and the hydrophilicity of their surfaces can increase the water holding capacity of PET fabric. The moisture regain and water retention values of the samples were determined, and it was found that such tests are not sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between the hydrophilicity of nontreated PET fabrics and that of PET fabrics modified either by application of a topical finish or by NaOH treatment.

Physical properties of polyester fibers degraded by aminolysis and by alkalin hydrolysis

Permeant degradation affects the brittleness, flexural fatigue, and ultimate tensile properties of polyester fibers more drastically than topochemical degradation. Topochemical degradation was obtained by hydrolysis with aqueous NaOH and permeant degradation by aminolysis with aqueous ethylamine. Treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide appears to leave the polyester fiber surfaces more resistant to abrasion damage.

Electron spectroscopy for chemical analyses (ESCA)—A tool for studying treated textiles

AbstractElectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) has been successfully used to determine the location of flame‐retardant polymers or reagents and crosslinking and oil/water‐repellent reagents in relation to fiber surfaces of chemically modified cotton fabrics and cotton/polyester blends. Changes in intensity of characteristic ESCA element signals were followed as the particle size of the treated fabric varied. Dimethyloldihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) and the flame‐retardant polymer formed from tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (Thpc) and urea penetrate and are homogeneously deposited throughout cotton fabrics. The oil/water‐repellent finish, FC‐218, and the flame retardants from the THPOH/NH3 reaction and tris(dibromopropyl) phosphate are deposited on the surfaces of both cotton and polyester fibers.

Crockfastness of Polyacrylate Textile Pigment-Printing Binders: Effect of Binder Mechanical Properties and Adhesion to Fabric

Abstract The effectiveness of ethyl or butyl acrylate copolymerized with a small proportion of acrylonitrile in improving crockfastness of pigment-printed textile fabrics was determined. Crockfastness was demonstrated to be dependent upon mechanical resistance of the pigmented binder to rubbing and adhesion of the binder to fabric. Crockfastness on cotton fabrics correlated with tensile properties of binder films, ethyl acrylate being superior to butyl acrylate. The correlation failed with polyester fabric because adhesion was a more critical factor, the polyester fiber and yarn surfaces being smoother and more difficult to wet thermodynamically than cotton; in this case, butyl acrylate was superior to ethyl acrylate in adhesion and crockfastness. An analysis of surface free energies showed that better adhesion of the butyl acrylate copolymer to polyester was a consequence of lower total surface energy and lower polarity.

Influence of the Specific Surface of Polyester Fiber on the Kinetics of Dyeing with Disperse Dyes

The influence that the diameter of selected polyester filaments has on the rate of dyeing of these fibers with the purified disperse dyes is studied in this work. It is shown how the dyeing rate increases with the specific surface and the relation between the dyeing rate and the diffusion coefficient is seen. A mathematical relation between the time of half dyeing and the specific surface of the fiber is determined, which allows to obtain the value of the diffusion coefficient of the dye.

INTRODUCTION OF CHELATE BOND TO FIBER

The fastness of dyeing with dispersed dyes depends on how deeply the particles of dyes are inserted. The microscopic test of the cross section of the dyed fiber has been widely used to know the distribution of dyes in fiber. Expecting that only the surface of polyester fiber dissolves in alkali treatment and leaves the inner part of the fiber unswollen, and a rigid stucture of Tetoron prevents. dyes from penetrating into inner part of fiber under ordinary condition, Alkali treatment of Cr treated Tetoron is continued till the combination of dyes with Cr at the surface of tetoron ends. under normal pressure.The polyester fiber used in this experiment was treated with K2 Cr2 O7 solution for 5hrs at 120°C and washed with water. Several portions of Cr treated tetoron, each 0.5g, were heated in 10% NaOH solution at 85°C changing the hours of the treatment and washed with water, and dyed with Sunchromine Pue Blure B. extra. Weight loss and absorption of dyes were determined. The relation between weignt losses and the time of alkali treatment is shown in Fig. I. The effect of absorption of dyes by Cr treated tetoron on the weight loss is shown in Fig. 2. Point A is a critical point where Cr is contained on fiber. From the weight loss at point A, the penetrated distance of Cr from the surface of fiber was calculated.