Furrow Irrigation Research Articles

Drip Fertigation Enhances the Responses of Grain Yield and Quality to Nitrogen Topdressing Rate in Irrigated Winter Wheat in North China.

Conventional water and nitrogen (N) management practice in north China, comprising flood irrigation and N fertilizer broadcast (FB), limits sustainable wheat production. Drip fertigation (DF) has been widely adopted in wheat production in recent years and has effectively improved yields. However, the responses of the yield and quality to the N topdressing rate (NTR) under DF are still unclear. This study determined the responses of the wheat yield and quality to NTR under DF, as well as assessing whether DF could synergistically increase the yield and quality. A field experiment was conducted in north China for two seasons (2021-2023) using a split-plot design with three replicates. The main plot used the management practice (FB and DF) and the sub-plot had N treatment (no N applied, and NTRs of 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha-1 with 150 kg N ha-1 as basal fertilizer, denoted as N0, T0, T40, T80, T120, and T160, respectively). Our results showed that high and saturated wheat yields (12.08 and 11.46 t ha-1) were obtained under DF at T80, and the highest yields were produced at T160 (11.71 and 11.30 t ha-1) under FB. Compared with FB, the greatest yield increase of 10.4-12.6% was achieved at T80 under DF. A higher spike number due to the increased effective stem percentage and a greater grain weight because of enhanced post-anthesis biomass production (BPpost) explained the improved yield under DF. The enhanced post-anthesis radiation use efficiency (RUE) led to the greater BPpost under DF. The enhanced specific leaf N, antioxidant capacity, and stomatal conductance under DF explained the higher light-saturated photosynthesis rate of flag leaves, which partly led to the increased post-anthesis RUE. NTR higher than 80 kg ha-1 did not enhance the yield, but it significantly improved the gliadin and glutelin contents, thereby leading to a higher total protein content, better gluten characteristics, and superior processing quality. Therefore, drip fertigation is a practical strategy for increasing both yield and quality with reduced water input and appropriate N input in irrigated winter wheat in north China. Applying 80 kg ha-1 of NTR under drip irrigation produces a high yield, but further gain in grain quality needs a higher NTR.

Effects of bed width and crop row spacing on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) emergence and seed production in furrow-irrigated rice

Abstract Furrow-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a popular option for rice production in Arkansas. Highly troublesome weeds like barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] are a major problem for producers in all rice production systems. Cultural tactics should become a priority to enhance crop growth and competitiveness. This research aimed to determine the effects of bed width (irrigation furrow spacing) and crop row spacing manipulation on E. crus-galli emergence and seed production in a furrow-irrigated rice system. Three bed widths (76, 97, and 152 cm) (whole-plot factor) were used, and plots were drill seeded in four crop row spacings (13, 19, 25, and 38 cm) (subplot factor). The widest width of 152 cm had a slight increase in E. crus-galli density in the early rice life cycle but, by the end of the season, did not differ from the narrower bed widths. Conversely, a decrease in E. crus-galli seed production was observed as the bed width increased. Similar rice canopy coverage and yields occurred among all three bed widths. As for crop row spacing, as the width increased, E. crus-galli density also increased. The 13-cm crop row spacing had the lowest preflood E. crus-galli density, preharvest panicle count, and seed production. No effect of crop row spacing was observed on rice canopy coverage; however, the 13-cm crop row spacing produced the greatest rice yield. The 13-cm crop row spacing paired with the 152-cm bed width may be the optimum combination of ecological strategies in furrow-irrigated rice to reduce E. crus-galli seed production while maintaining rice growth and yield.

Short-term effects of irrigation and nitrogen management on paddy soil carbon pools under deep placement of basal fertilizer nitrogen

Active soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions are major driving factors of soil fertility. Understanding the effects of water and fertilizer management on changes in active SOC fractions helps improve soil quality and maintain high agricultural productivity. We conducted a 3-year field experiment in Northeast China. In this experiment, natural soil (CKT) was used as a blank, and two irrigation regimes were established: conventional flooded irrigation (FI) and controlled irrigation (CI). Four nitrogen application levels were set for both irrigation regimes under deep placement of basal fertilizer N: Nd0 (0 kg ha–1), Nd (110 kg ha–1), Nd1 (99 kg ha–1), and Nd2 (88 kg ha–1). After 3 years, at similar N fertilizer application rate, the rice yield, total organic carbon (TOC), and active SOC fraction content of CI were higher under CI than FI. The growth rate of rice yield was 3.8% − 8.63% under CI than FI. Under CI, the rice yield, active SOC fractions contents and carbon pool management index (CPMI) did not decrease with decreasing N application rate but instead reached the highest level in the CNd1 treatment. Overall, CI with Nd1 treatment appears to be the best practice for improving soil fertility and crop productivity in Northeast China.

Impact of reclaimed wastewater on alfalfa production under different irrigation methods

ABSTRACT The effect of different irrigation methods (sprinkler, surface, surface-drip, and subsurface-drip) using treated wastewater, on alfalfa yield quantity and quality, was studied under semi-arid conditions. Randomized complete block design considering irrigation methods on 5 × 5 m plots replicated four times. Applied irrigation water was based on the Penman–Monteith equation using the FAO Cropwat software and accounting for the efficiencies of used irrigation systems. Surface irrigation gave the highest alfalfa fresh yield without significant difference compared to subsurface-drip. Average fresh production was 123, 120, 109, and 91 tons/h for surface, subsurface-drip, surface-drip, and sprinkler irrigation, respectively. Alfalfa fresh weight from subsurface-drip irrigation was 32 and 10% higher compared to sprinkler and surface-drip irrigation. Alfalfa dry weight from subsurface-drip irrigation was 10, 21, and 47% higher compared to surface-drip, surface, and sprinkler irrigation, respectively. N percentage in alfalfa leaves was significantly lower by 12% under subsurface-drip irrigation as compared to the other irrigation methods. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and fecal coliform (FC) were not detected on alfalfa leaves using subsurface-drip irrigation. E. coli and FC counts were high on leaves using sprinkler and surface irrigation. Subsurface-drip irrigation may be adapted as an efficient irrigation method when using non-conventional water under semi-arid conditions.

Modeling of Water, Heat, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Summer Maize under Broad Furrow Irrigation and the Mechanism of Enzyme Activity Response

Modeling of Water, Heat, and Nitrogen Dynamics in Summer Maize under Broad Furrow Irrigation and the Mechanism of Enzyme Activity Response

Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Different Levels of Fertilizer and Vermicompost Grown under Every Furrow and Alternate Furrow Irrigation Methods

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2021-22 at the Agronomy Research Farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar in a split-plot design with two vermicompost levels i.e., vermicompost @ 1.5 t ha-1 and vermicompost @ 3.0 t ha-1, two irrigation methods i.e., every furrow irrigation and alternate furrow irrigation method as the main plot treatments and three fertilizer levels at N40P20, N60P30 and N80P40 kg ha-1 as subplot treatments and replicated three times. Among the vermicompost levels, vermicompost at 3.0 t ha-1 recorded significantly higher no. of tillers; yield attributes i.e., no. of effective tillers (12.88%), spike length (14.49%), no. of grains per spike (13.85%), 1000-grain weight (10.57%) and yield i.e., grain yield (11.00%), biological yield (10.75%) than vermicompost at 1.5 t ha-1. Among methods of irrigation, every furrow irrigation recorded significantly higher in no. of tillers, yield attributes i.e., no. of effective tillers (13.68%), spike length (14.49%), no. of grains per spike (11.51%), 1000-grain weight (9.37%); yield (grain yield (17.15%), biological yield (22.08%) and economics (gross and net returns (15.52 and 25.66%) than alternate furrow irrigation. Among fertilizer level, application of N80P40 recorded significantly higher no. of tillers, spike length, no. of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight; yield (grain yield (13.02%), biological yield (15.81%), and economics (gross and net returns (13.72 and 24.49%) over other levels of fertilizer. Based on the study, it was found that vermicompost level, method of irrigation and fertilizer level has significant effect on no. of tillers, available NPK content in soil, yield attributes, yield and economics of barley.

Study of Steroid Estrogen Loss in Soil after the Application of Composted Manure as a Fertilizer

Steroid estrogens (SEs) play a significant role as endocrine-disrupting substances, and one of their major sources is animal manure. However, there is limited information available regarding the loss of SEs in farmland soil after the application of commercial composted animal manure or fertilizers. To address this gap, our study aimed to simulate rainfall and flood irrigation scenarios and investigate the loss characteristics of SEs, as well as Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) in runoff from soil–manure mixtures. The results demonstrated that the loss concentrations of SEs (73.1 ng/L of the mean E2β active equivalent factor) presented a potential environmental risk. Additionally, substituting composted manure with commercial organic fertilizers lead to a significant reduction in TP (maximum 56%) and TN (maximum 24%) loss. Consequently, the application of commercial organic fertilizers offers considerable advantages in maintaining nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization efficiency while controlling SEs loss. Furthermore, our study explored the synergistic pollution mechanism among these pollutants and observed significant correlations between SEs and TN, TP, and COD loss concentrations, indicating the simultaneous occurrence and migration of these pollutants in agricultural non-point source pollution. These results provide valuable insights into the environmental risk associated with SEs from agricultural non-point sources.

Effects of Water Irrigation Methods Combined with Mulching Materials on the Growth and Yield of Allium chinense on Acid Sulfate Soil

Background: To determine the optimal water irrigation method combined with covering material for Allium chinense growth and yield on acid sulfate soil. Methods: The field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, which include four treatments, each with four replications. The plot size was 83.3 m2 (19.6 m in length, 4.25 m in width). Treatments were flooding irrigation combined with rice straw covering (FI-RS), flooding irrigation combined with Eleocharis dulcis covering (FI-ED, control), spray irrigation combined with rice straw covering (SI-RS) and spray irrigation combined with Eleocharis dulcis covering (SI-ED). Result: Experimental results showed that Allium chinense planted on the treatment of SI increased clump height (47.2 cm) and weight of bulb (4.38 g), gave the highest yield of 40.9 t ha-1 and increased up to 25.9% in comparison to planted in conventional method (control). The spray irrigation method was more suitable than the flooding irrigation method for growing Allium chinense. Vitamin C content in bulbs was not changed under different water irrigation methods combined with mulching materials.

Temporal and spatial evolution of different heavy metal fractions and correlation with environmental factors after prolonged acid mine drainage irrigation: A column experiment

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has global significance due to its low pH and elevated heavy metal content, which have received widespread attention. After AMD irrigation in mining areas, heavy metals are distributed among soil layers, but the influencing factors and mechanisms remain unclear. AMD contamination of surrounding soil is primarily attributed to surface runoff and irrigation and causes significant environmental degradation. A laboratory soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of the heavy metals Cd and Cu, as well as the impact of key environmental factors on the migration and transformation of these heavy metals following long-term soil pollution by AMD. After AMD addition, the soil exhibited a significant increase in acidity, accompanied by notable alterations in various environmental parameters, including soil pH, Eh, Fe(II) content, and iron oxide content. Over time, Cd and Cu in the soil mainly existed in the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions. In spatial terms, exchangeable Cu increased with increasing depth. Pearson correlation analysis indicated significant negative correlations between pH and Cu, Cd, and Eh in pore water, as well as negative correlations between pH and the exchangeable fraction of Cd (F1), carbonate-bound fraction of Cd (F2), and exchangeable fraction of Cu (F1) in the solid phase. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between pH and the residual fraction of Cu (F5). Furthermore, the soil total Cd content exhibited a positive correlation with pyrophosphate-Fe (Fep) and dithionite-Fe (Fed), while CdF1, CdF2, total Cu, and CuF1 displayed positive correlations with Fep. Our findings indicate that the presence of AMD in soil leads to alterations in the chemical fractions of Cd and Cu, resulting in enhanced bioavailability. These results offer valuable insights for developing effective remediation strategies for soils near mining sites.

Effects of different irrigation methods and mulching on yield, growth and water use efficiency of strawberry

ABSTRACT A greenhouse experiment was conducted from 2015–2016 to 2017–2018 on an Aeric Haplaquept to evaluate the effect of irrigation (surface irrigation at furrows at irrigation water: cumulative pan evaporation = 1, drip irrigation to meet 100%, 80% and 60% of actual crop evapotranspiration demand), and mulch (nonwoven jute agro textile, biodegradable plastic film, rice straw and no mulch) regimes on strawberry. Average soil water storage in root zone (86 mm) and fraction of potential plant available water (61%) was highest in jute agrotextile mulched and drip irrigated at 80% actual evapotranspiration. This combination of mulch and irrigation regime increased belowground (root length density, 7.15 × 103 mm−3) and above ground (leaf area index, 9.4) crop growth and emerged as the best option with three- and four-times higher yield (31.1 Mg ha −1) and water use efficiency (23.1 kg m−3), respectively than surface irrigated unmulched strawberry. Results suggest that these findings be incorporated into packages and practices of strawberry cultivation in the moist tropical sub-humid region of Bengal basin and other similar agroecological regions of South Asia.

The different responses of AOA and AOB communities to irrigation systems in the semi-arid region of Northeast China.

Ammonia oxidation is the rate-limiting step in nitrification and the key step in the nitrogen (N) cycle. Most soil nutrients and biological indicators are extremely sensitive to irrigation systems, from the perspective of improving soil fertility and soil ecological environment, the evaluation of different irrigation systems and suitability of selection, promote crop production and soil quality, study the influence of the soil microenvironment contribute to accurate evaluation of irrigation farmland soil health. Based on the amoA gene, the abundance and community diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and their responses to soil physicochemical factors and enzyme activities were studied in semi-arid areas of Northeast China. The study consisted of three irrigation systems: flood irrigation (FP), shallow buried drip irrigation (DI), and mulched drip irrigation (MF). The results showed that DI and MF significantly increased the contents of alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), soil moisture, and the activities of ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) and hydroxylamine oxidase (HAO). Compared with FP, DI significantly increased the abundance of soil AOA and AOB, while MF significantly increased the abundance of soil AOB. Irrigation systems significantly affected the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM). Also, AN and soil moisture had the greatest influence on the community composition of AOA and AOB, respectively. The AOB community had better stability and stress resistance. Moreover, the symbiotic network of AOB in the three irrigation systems was more complex than that of AOA. Compared with FP, the AOA community under treatment DI had higher complexity and stability, maintaining the versatility and sustainability of the ecosystem, while the AOB community under treatment MF had higher transfer efficiency in terms of matter and energy. In conclusion, DI and MF were more conducive to the propagation of soil AOM in the semi-arid area of Northeast China, which can provide a scientific basis for rational irrigation and N regulation from the perspective of microbiology.

Comparative Analysis of Profitability, Water and Energy Productivity in Curry Leaf Cultivation: Drip vs. Conventional Production Systems in Coimbatore district, India

The aim is to analyze the cost and returns of curry leaf production under different irrigation methods, assess water and energy productivity and draw conclusions regarding the sustainability and profitability of drip irrigation. The study utilizes a sample of 60 respondents from two blocks in Coimbatore district, employing a multi-stage random sampling technique. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires administered via personal interviews between June and September 2023. Cost concepts were employed to calculate cultivation costs, while water and energy consumption were assessed to determine productivity. This study investigates the economic and environmental implications of adopting drip irrigation over conventional furrow irrigation for curry leaf cultivation in the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, India. The results demonstrate that drip irrigation significantly reduces operational costs and improves yields compared to furrow irrigation. Gross and net incomes are substantially higher with drip irrigation, highlighting its economic advantages. Moreover, drip irrigation shows higher water and energy productivity, indicating its potential for resource conservation and sustainability. The results emphasize the importance of governmental support in promoting drip irrigation adoption to enhance water efficiency and facilitate value-added product export. In conclusion, this study highlights the significance of drip irrigation in enhancing profitability, conserving resources and promoting agricultural sustainability in curry leaf cultivation within the Coimbatore region.

Response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at the Centre for Crop Improvement, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Banaskantha, Gujarat to study the response of grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacs L.) to irrigation schedules under sprinkler irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in a randomised block design (RBD) comprised of 6 irrigation treatments, viz. I0 , Surface irrigation; I1 , Control (only pre-sowing irrigation); I2 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.2 IW: CPE; I3 , Sprinkler irrigation at 0.4 IW: CPE; I4 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.6 IW: CPE; and I5 ,Sprinkler irrigation at 0.8 IW:CPE with 4 replications. The results revealed that application of irrigation at IW: CPE ratio of 0.8 had significant effect on plant height, inflorescence length (83.4 cm), grain yield (1,625 kg/ha) and straw yield (7,497 kg/ha) compared with control treatment (surface irrigation). Treatment 0.8 IW: CPE resulted in the 28.15% higher grain yield than the control. The highest water-use efficiency (WUE) (12.8 kg/ha-mm) was achieved by the treatment I1 (only pre-sowing irrigation). Consumptive use (mm) was found increased with increase in irrigation scheduling from I0 to I5 . The highest consumptive use of 179.3 mm was recorded under the treatment of 0.8 IW: CPE ratio. Irrigation at 0.8 IW: CPE ratio fetched highest net returns of `54,701/ha, with benefit: cost (B:C) ratio 3.06 during both the years in pooled analysis.

Influence of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution with different irrigation regimes of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation under trickle irrigation system

An experiment was conducted during the summers of 2019 and 2020 at the AICRP Water Management field, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu to study the effect of coir pith application on soil moisture distribution of aerobic rice (Oryza sativa L.) with different irrigation regimes. Treatment consisted of 3 irrigation regimes, viz. I1 , Trickle irrigation at 120% Pan Evaporation (PE); I2 , 100% PE, and I3 , 80% PE. Experiment separately, maintained the surface irrigation of IW: CPE 1.20 as control. The well-composed coir pith @375 kg/ha was spread over the raised beds and leveled well with surface soil. Soil samples were collected in vertical and horizontal directions for determining soil moisture by gravimetric method. Soil moisture appropriation was plotted graphically as contour maps used by the surfer. Results revealed that trickle irrigation at 120% PE with coir pith application improved the yield attributes of aerobic rice compared to surface irrigation (IW: CPE 1.20) owing to coir pith’s favourable hydrological and physical properties to hold and spread the water in the raised bed area.

Beneficial ‘inefficiencies’ of western ranching: Flood-irrigated hay production sustains wetland systems by mimicking historic hydrologic processes

Ranching in the American West has long relied on riparian ecosystems to grow grass-hay to feed livestock in winter and during drought. Producers seasonally flood grasslands for hay production using stream diversions and low-tech flood-irrigation on riparian floodplains. Inundation mimics natural processes that sustain riparian vegetation and recharge groundwater. The recent doubling in use of more efficient irrigation approaches, such as center-pivot sprinklers, threatens to accelerate climate change impacts by unintentionally decoupling more inefficient, traditional practices that sustain riparian systems. To assess ecosystem services provided by flood-irrigation hay production, we developed an exhaustive spatial inventory of grass-hay production and combined it with monthly surface water distributions modeled from satellite data. Surface water data were classified by wetland hydroperiod and used to estimate the proportion of wetlands supported by grass-hay production in the Intermountain West, USA. Elevation and proportion of grass-hay relative to other irrigated lands were enumerated to examine differences in their positions and abundance within landscapes. Lastly, we overlaid the delineated grass-hay wetlands with LANDFIRE pre-Euro-American Settings layer to quantify the efficacy of flood irrigation in mimicking the conservation of historical riparian processes. Findings suggest that inefficient grass-hay irrigation mirrored the timing of natural hydrology, concentrating ∼93% of flooded grasslands in historical riparian ecosystems, affirming that at large scales, this ranching practice, in part, mimics floodplain processes sustaining wetlands and groundwater recharge. Despite representing only 2.5% of irrigated lands, grass-hay operations supported a majority (58%) of temporary wetlands, a rare and declining habitat for wildlife in the Intermountain West. Tolerance for colder temperatures confined grass-hay production to upper watershed reaches where higher value crops are constrained by growing degree days. This novel understanding of grass-hay agroecology highlights the vital role of working ranches in the resilience and stewardship of riparian systems.

Empowering Farmers to Enhance Water Use Efficiency: Innovative Practices in SSPC

The Sardar Sarovar project, featuring a gravity dam on the Narmada River in Gujarat, stands as one of the largest in terms of concrete volume globally. This study investigates the project's extensive canal network and its impact on agricultural productivity in the command area. Covering a vast expanse across multiple states, the project's irrigation allocation and water management strategies are examined. Special attention is given to addressing soil degradation issues, particularly salinity, and implementing farmer-centered interventions to enhance water use efficiency. Methodologies include land rejuvenation efforts, reclamation of salt-affected land, participatory irrigation management, and promoting improved agricultural practices. Results indicate successful mitigation of soil degradation and increased crop yields through strategic interventions like cotton-castor relay cropping which has demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase in income compared to sole cropping. Intercropping with isabgul/ajwain, and implementing deficit irrigation have resulted in a substantial 43% increase in overall yield, particularly in cumin cultivation. Farmers have also embraced innovative water-saving techniques, such as alternative furrow irrigation and strategic timing of irrigation during critical growth stages, resulting in water savings of 30-35%. However, challenges remain in achieving widespread adoption of participatory irrigation management practices. The study concludes with insights into the necessity of sustained social engineering efforts and community engagement for long-term water resource management and agricultural sustainability in the project area.

Wastewater irrigation beneath the water table: analytical model of crop contamination risks

Wastewater irrigation alleviates freshwater scarcity. However, conventional (near)surface irrigation techniques directly expose crops to contaminants. Irrigating wastewater into shallow phreatic zones to raise the water table enhances groundwater evapotranspiration, while using the vadose zone as a bioreactor that attenuates contaminants through dilution, adsorption, and biodegradation. Nevertheless, contaminants may spread across the groundwater, soil, and vegetation. In this study, we focus on the crop contamination risks, and derive a simple analytical model to estimate crop solute uptake. Although crops are not directly exposed to the irrigated wastewater, contaminants (and nutrients) may spread to the root zone. Results show that crop contamination is primarily determined by the root zone water balance, and by solute dispersion and biogeochemical reaction parameters. The model contributes towards identifying hydrogeologically and climatically suitable locations for phreatic zone wastewater irrigation, determining acceptable levels of irrigation water quality, and evaluating crop contamination hazards against the fertigative value of wastewater.

Efficient Smart Water Management Techniques to Enhance Crop Productivity for Maize

Maize is identified as the “Queen of Cereals” owing to its high yield. Water scarcity is a major problem, where agriculture consumes significant freshwater. Smart Irrigation with Internet of Things technology can help farmers to maximize crop production with less water. The field experiment on sensor-based drip Irrigation and farmer practice was conducted in the research field to enhance growth, yield, and water efficiency. The experiment comprised eight treatments such as T1: IoT based Drip Irrigation at 60% depletion level, T2: IoT based Drip Irrigation at 80% depletion level, T3: Drip Irrigation at 60% PE, T4: Drip Irrigation at 80% PE, T5: Drip irrigation as Normal Practice, T6: Surface Irrigation at 60% IW/CPE ratio, T7: Surface Irrigation at 80% IW/ CPE ratio and T8: Flood irrigation as Farmer’s Practice. The proposed systems-based Drip irrigation at a 60% depletion level can be recommended for hybrid maize to augment higher grain and straw yield. The highest water saving was recorded in IoT-based Drip Irrigation at a 60% depletion level(46.88%) followed by IoT-based Drip Irrigation at an 80% depletion level(40.63%).

ROOT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF NEW AND PROSPECTIVE VARIETIES OF COTTON IN DRIP IRRIGATION IN TYPICAL SIEROZEM SOIL CONDITIONS

In this article, information is given on the effect development of the root system of cotton when irrigated in the order of 70-70-60% in furrow irrigation, 70-70-60%, 65-70-65% and 70-75-65% in drip irrigation (DI) of new and regional varieties of cotton S-6524, S-6570 and S-8298 in the conditions of irrigated typical sierozem soils of Tashkent province.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES ON THE YIELD OF MAIZE HYBRIDS

In this article, information is given on the date, number and norm of irrigation of Uzbekistan-601 ECB, NS-6010 F1 hybrids of maize, which were carried out by furrow and drip irrigation in the conditions of weakly salted meadow alluvial soils of Bukhara province, and yield data obtained from options conducted in different irrigation regimes.