Surface Evaluation Of Living Skin Research Articles

In vivo determination of the skin surface topography and biophysical properties of human hands: Effects of sex and hand dominance.

The effect of hand dominance on the skin topography and parameters associated with skin health and aging is unknown. Healthy adult volunteers were recruited. The following four strata were enrolled: Group 1: male, right handed; Group 2: male, left handed; Group 3: female, right handed; and Group 4: female, left handed. The differences between groups on their surface evaluation of livingskin (SELS) parameters were evaluated. These variables included (a) roughness (SER); (b) smoothness (SESM); (c) scaliness (SESC); and (d) wrinkles (SEW). A total of twenty subjects were recruited, with five in each stratum. Significant differences between groups were found for SESC [F(7,31)=2.742, P=.024, partial eta squared=0.382] and SEW [F(7,31)=3.705, P=.005, partial eta squared=0.456]. An evaluation of the descriptive statistics revealed that males had a higher mean SESC value than females and a lower mean SEW value. Moreover, the dominant hand of both sexes had a higher mean SEW value than non-dominant hands. Given the evidence of sex and handedness differences in wrinkle genesis and desquamation severity, these factors should be considered in the dermatological treatment and counseling of patients.

Fabrication of Tamarindus indica seeds extract loaded-cream for photo-aged skin: Visioscan® studies.

IntroductionIntracellular and extracellular oxidative stress triggered by free radicals promotes skin aging, which is designated by atypical pigmentation and wrinkles. The consumption of antioxidants is an efficacious measure to avert symptoms involved in skin aging.AimThe current research was commenced to explore the anti-aging potential of antioxidants present in Tamarindus indica seeds extract.Material and methods Tamarindus indica seeds extract was obtained by concentrating the ethanolic extract of seeds. The antioxidant activities of the extract were measured by nitric oxide radical scavenging assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, hydroxyl radical scavenging assay and superoxide radical scavenging assay. Formulation comprising 4% of the concentrated extract of seeds was formulated by loading it in the internal aqueous phase of water-in-oil (W/O) cosmetic emulsion. The base, used as control, consisted of the same emulsion but without loading Tamarindus indica seeds extract. The cosmetic emulsions were applied to the cheeks of 11 healthy male volunteers for duration of 12 weeks. Both base and formulation were assessed for their antioxidant effects on different skin parameters i.e. skin moisture contents, elasticity and surface evaluation of living skin (SELS).ResultsThe formulation showed statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and the base showed insignificant (p > 0.05) effects on skin elasticity and skin moisture contents. There is a significant decline in SELS, skin scaliness (SEsc), skin wrinkles (SEw), skin smoothness (SEsm), and skin roughness (SEr) parameters after application of the formulation.ConclusionsTopical application of the cosmetic emulsion entrapped with Tamarindus indica seeds extract containing various antioxidants exerts potential skin antiaging effects.

A Novel Cassia fistula (L.)-Based Emulsion Elicits Skin Anti-Aging Benefits in Humans

Cassia fistula, a flowering plant in the family of Caesalpinaceae (Fabaceae), is used in traditional medicine for several indications. Nevertheless, too little is known about its effects on skin conditions and skin aging. Therefore, in this pioneering study, the extracts of oil-in-water macro-emulsions containing 5% C. fistula (L.) crude pods (i.e., phyto-active formulation) were optimally developed and compared to the placebo (i.e., emulsions without the crude extract) for assessment of their effects on human skin aging. Healthy adult male volunteers (n = 13) with a mean age of 31 ± 5.5 years (range: 24–47 years) were enrolled after informed written consent. For 12 consecutive weeks, the subjects were directed to use a patch containing the active emulsion on one of their forearms as well as a patch containing the placebo on their other forearm. Biometrological measurements of skin hydration (SH) and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were performed on both sides of their respective cheeks at time 0 (baseline values), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12th weeks. Surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) was taken at time 0 (baseline values) or after 1, 2 and 3 months. Topical application of C. fistula extracts showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in stratum corneum hydration level, a significant enhancement in its water-holding function as well as in its barrier function. Further, significant (p < 0.005) ameliorations of skin aspects were observed (i.e., less roughness, less dryness, less wrinkles). Taken together, our results strongly suggest therapeutic and esthetic potential of C. fistula pod’s extracts to prevent or delay human skin aging.

<i>In vivo</i> Evaluation of a Cosmetic Emulsion Containing Soybean Extract for Anti-Aging

Purpose: To develop and assess the anti-aging potential of a cosmetic W/O emulsion containing an extract of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Fabaceae. Methods: This single-blind placebo-controlled study was performed in 11 healthy male human volunteers. A formulation comprising of 4 % of concentrated extract of soybean was prepared by loading the extract in the internal aqueous phase of the emulsion. A control (base), consisting of the emulsion without the extract, was also prepared. Both formulations were applied to the cheeks of all volunteers for 12 weeks and their effect on different skin parameters, i.e., moisture contents, elasticity and surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) were assessed. Results: The formulation containing 4 % soybean extract showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on skin elasticity and moisture contents but the base showed insignificant effect (p > 0.05). There was significant (p ≤ 0.05) decline in SELS, i.e., SEsc (skin scaliness, from 1.73 ± 0.05 to 1.66 ± 0.06), SEw (skin wrinkles, from 71.74 ± 1.52 to 68.51 ± 1.64), SEsm (skin smoothness, from 109.01 ± 4.77 to 102.03 ± 4.23), and SEr (skin roughness, from 4.04 ± 0.09 to 3.82 ± 0.08) parameters after application of the extract formulation for 12 weeks. Conclusion: Topical application of the cosmetic emulsion containing soybean extract exerts potential skin anti-aging effects.

Combined Topical Application of Lotus and Green Tea Improves Facial Skin Surface Parameters

No study has yet determined the anti-wrinkle efficacy of green tea plus lotus in Asian subjects using skin image analysis technique. In this study, the efficacy of two cosmetic active formulations intended for the treatment of facial wrinkles (green tea and lotus extract) has been evaluated in healthy subjects using a non-invasive device, the Visioscan(®) VC, and software for surface evaluation of living skin (SELS). Thirty-three healthy Asian subjects, all men, were enrolled after consent in a placebo-controlled comparative study with a split face design. One group applied multiple emulsions with green tea. The second group applied multiple emulsions with lotus extract, while a third group applied a multiple emulsion with a combination of both extracts. In all three groups, active formulations were applied to one side of the face and the placebo to the other side, once daily over the 60-day treatment course. Non-invasive measurements were performed at baseline and on days 30 and 60. Interesting and significant improvements were observed for the treatment effects on skin roughness (SEr), scaliness (SEsc), smoothness (SEsm), and wrinkling (SEw). For example, a 49.99% improvement in skin smoothness (SEsm) from baseline value and -23.22% and perfection in facial wrinkles (SEw) substantiated that combined treatment is superior over single treatments. Green tea and lotus combined in multiple emulsions brought a superior synergistic anti-aging effect. We conclude that diverse anti-oxidant constituents in both plants have a potential influence on skin surface parameters, thus indicating these plants as the future of new anti-aging products.

Evaluation of a Barrier Repair Cream Containing Pseudo-Ceramide for Practical Use by Hairdressers with Hand Skin Disorders Due to Daily Exposure to Chemical Irritants

Hairdressers are exposed to numerous skin-damaging factors, such as wet work, skin irritants, and thermal changes. Skin protection is a very important factor for the prevention of occupational skin disorders. Therefore, we evaluated a hand cream that was specially formulated for highly stressed skin with regard to its capability to reduce dry, rough, and scaly skin. The objective of this study was to conduct a controlled use test of a barrier repair cream containing pseudo-ceramide and demonstrate its efficacy for hairdressers with dry, sensitive hands and/or occupational skin disorders. A total of 30 hairdressers (29 females and 1 male, aged 20 - 67) participated in the study. All subjects suffered from dry hands. Subjects applied the test cream on their hands for 28 days (four weeks). For each subject, the skin surface topography of the hands was measured by the Surface Evaluation of Living Skin (SELS) system at day 14 (week 2) and day 28 (week 4). Dryness, scaling, cracking, redness, and itchiness were evaluated and graded by experts at week 2 and week 4, and then compared to baselines. All 30 subjects completed the study. A comparison of the changes from baseline to endpoint revealed a statistically significant reduction in skin roughness, scaling, and volume measured according to SELS. These data were confirmed by photographic documentation. The results were further supported by the expert evaluation. For the symptoms dryness and scaling, improvement could be observed in almost all regions of the hands. In addition, according to subjective assessments of overall hand skin condition and the hand cream, subjects reported clear improvement over time (p value below 0.001) and good efficacy of the product. In this study, the test hand cream showed excellent skin compatibility. Therefore, the hand cream may be effective for hairdressers with dry, sensitive hands and/or occupational skin disorders.

Comparison of two in vivo measurements for skin surface topography

Non-contact methods for quantifying skin surface topography in vivo are common in skin research. The surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) and the phaseshift rapid in vivo measurement of skin (PRIMOS) are two approaches to measure skin surface roughness and wrinkling via optical methods. The aim of this study was to compare the reliability and interrelatedness of the parameters obtained by both technologies. Three repeated measurements were conducted on four skin areas (from distal to proximal) on the volar forearm skin in 12 healthy young subjects with two different instruments using the SELS and PRIMOS methods. Subjects mean age was 32.9 (SD 7.2)years. Skin phototypes were II (n=7), III (n=4), and IV (n=1). The SELS parameters, smoothness (SEsm ), roughness (SEr ), scaliness (SEsc ), and wrinkles (SEw ), and a range of DIN/ISO surface roughness parameters were obtained. Intraclass correlation coefficients to estimate the reliabilities and correlation coefficients for estimating strengths and directions of relationships were applied. Values of obtained parameters were very well comparable across the four skin areas. Reliability of the four SELS parameters was very high ranging between 0.95 and 1.00. Reliability coefficients for the roughness parameters varied between 0.35 and 1.00, whereas half of all PRIMOS estimates showed measurement errors less than 20%. SELS and the PRIMOS roughness parameters were largely unrelated. Both measurement technologies provide reliable estimates indicating that skin surface measures of the volar forearm in young adults can differentiate between skin areas of different persons or different treatments in clinical studies. Skin surface topography of the volar forearm is comparable from distal to proximal assuring baseline comparability after randomization in clinical trials. SELS and PRIMOS roughness parameters of the volar forearm are not comparable and contain different types of information.

Anti-aging potential of a cream containing milk thistle extract: Formulation and in vivo evaluation

This study was designed to formulate and evaluate anti-aging effects of a topical cream (water in oil (w/o) emulsion) containig extract of milk thistle ( Silybum marianum ) against its vehicle (Base) as control. Base containing no extract and a formulation containing 4% concentrated extract of Silybum marianum was developed by entrapping in the inner aqueous phase of w/o emulsion. Both the base and formulation were stored at 8°C 0.1°C (in refrigerator), 25°C 0.1°C, 40°C 0.1°C and 40°C 0.1°C with 75% RH (in incubator) for a period of 8 weeks to predict their stability. The evaluation parameters consisted of colour, smell, type of emulsion, electrical conductivity, liquefaction and pH. The expected organoleptic stability of creams was acheived from 8 weeks in-vitro study period. The formulation and base were evaluated for effects on skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The base showed insignificant (p≥0.05) while formulation showed significant effects on skin moisture and TEWL. The surface evaluation of living skin (SELS) parameters SEr, SEsc, SEsm and SEw were also evaluated which showed significant decline proving that the formulation possesses potential antiaging effects. Key words : Silybum marianum, W/O emulsion, emulsion stability, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface evaluation of living skin (SELS).