Surface Epithelial Tumors Research Articles

English

BACKGROUND Surface epithelial ovarian tumour (SEOT) develops from the outer surface of ovary. It accounts for more than 90 % of all the ovarian tumours. Most of the SEOT are benign. Few SEOT are of low malignant potential or high malignant potential. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of expression of proliferative marker Ki-67 and staining pattern of p53 in various histological types of SEOT. METHODS It was a randomised type of study carried out in the Department of Pathology, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, for 2 years. It included 100 random patients with surgically resected specimens of SEOT. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on all malignant cases and few random benign cases; and the percentage of immunopositive cells in each case was expressed as Ki-67 labelling index (Ki-67 LI). p53 expression was interpreted as positive when cells showed diffuse and intense nuclear staining in malignant cases. RESULTS Out of 100 cases, 70 were benign and 30 were malignant. Cases comprised of serous and mucinous histological subtypes. In all malignant cases, Ki-67 expression was found to be positive (Ki-67 LI > 1 %). Highest Ki-67 LI of 52 % was associated with high grade serous cystadenocarcinoma. High grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) had higher p53 positivity. 88.8 % of HGSC were p53 positive. CONCLUSIONS Ki-67 is a cost-effective proliferative marker; therefore, its assessment can be included in routine histopathological report of SEOT for better understanding of the biologic behaviour and aggressiveness of the tumour. p53 expression was more common in HGSC and can help in discriminating between HGSC and lowgrade serous carcinoma (LGSC). KEYWORDS p53, Ki-67, Ovarian Tumour, Serous, Mucinous, SEOT

P53 Expression in Surface Epithelial Ovarian Tumors and its Correlation with Histological Type and Grade of the Tumor

p53 Expression in Surface Epithelial Ovarian Tumors and its Correlation with Histological Type and Grade of the Tumor

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SPECTRUM OF OVARIAN TUMOURS IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP WOMEN OBSERVED AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Aim and objectives: Ovarian tumours present with a wide variation in clinical presentation and morphological features. Ovaries apart from being a common sites of primary tumors, they are frequent sites for metastasis from organs like stomach, colon and breast. The present work has been undertaken to study the common morphologic and histological types of ovarian tumours in reproductive age group women. Materials and methods: A prospective study s study is conducted for a period of 3 years (August 2010 to September 2013). 100 cases of ovarian tumors in reproductive age women were selected for the present study. Age between 15 and 49 was taken as reproductive age. 100 cases of ovarian tumours in reproductive age women were selected for the present study. Age between 15 and 49 was taken as reproductive age. Out of the 100 cases 99 Results: were primary ovarian tumours, 1 was secondary / metastatic tumour. Out if the 99 primary tumours 94 were benign, 1 was borderline tumour and 4 were malignant tumours. Most tumours occurred in age between 30-40 years. Of the 99 primary tumours 85(90.4%) were surface epithelial tumours, 10 (10.6%) were germ cell tumours and 4 (4.2%) were sex-cord stromal tumours. 1 metastatic tumour, were noted. Benign ovarian tumours are more common than malignant tumours. Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumours are the most common type of all ovarian tumours. Surface epithelial tumours are the most common benign and malignant tumours in reproductive age group. The incidence, clinical presentation of the different types of ovarian tumours is extremely variable. Histopathology is still the gold standard in diagnosing most of ovarian tumours. Studying the macroscopic and microscopic features of different ovarian tumours will enable proper categorization into denite morphologic type.

A Study of Expression and Significance of p53 in Malignant Ovarian Surface Epithelial Tumours

To assess the immunohistochemical patterns of p53 in malignant surface epithelial tumours of ovary and correlate it with clinico-pathological parameters. Forty cases of histopathologically proven surface epithelial carcinomas of the ovary were studied. Immunohistochemistry was done and expression of p53 was analysed and these findings were correlated with clinico-pathological parameters. p53 expression was found in 55% of malignant surface epithelial tumours of ovary. There was significant association of p53 expression with histological grade (p = 0.034) and omental deposits (p = 0.005). p53 expression was associated with higher grade and omental deposits. Routine analysis of this gene could have profound implications on prognosis and could open new avenues for management.

Sonographic Evaluation of Serous Cystadenofibroma With Evidence of Intermittent Torsion

Serous cystadenofibromas are benign surface epithelial stromal tumors of the ovary. Many of the sonographic features of serous cystadenofibromas mimic what are traditionally considered possible characteristics of malignancy. Depending on the size of the ovarian neoplasm, there can be increased risk for ovarian torsion. Meticulous sonographic evaluation and appropriate optimization are critical for establishing the risk for malignancy and likelihood of torsion. This case describes how sonography was used to help identify a serous cystadenofibroma in a postmenopausal woman.

Intraluminal Colon Metastases from Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma: An Unusual Site for Metastatic Deposit

Surface epithelial stromal tumors are the most common tumors of the ovary. Hematogenous spread is responsible for the distant metastases. The most common sites of distant metastases are pleura, liver, lung, and bones. Some rare sites of metastases are eyes, skin, breast, CNS, heart, central airways, stomach, colon, and placenta. We report a case of 68-year-old female with serous adenocarcinoma of ovary and synchronous involvement of the colon by poorly differentiated ovarian carcinoma. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. It is a rare occurrence and it was unusual presentation with ominous prognosis for the patient.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Ovarian Surface Epithelial Neoplasms and its Association with Histological Type, Grade, Clinical Stage and Tumour Metastasis

Introduction: Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most common gynaecologic cancers and remains the leading cause of death as the patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage of the disease. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a promoter of angiogenesis, participates in multiple mechanisms to promote ovarian cancer cell growth, angiopoiesis and distant metastasis. So, it is a promising target for antiangiogenic therapy in management and downstaging of ovarian cancer. Aim: To evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF in different surface epithelial neoplasms of ovary and compare it with histological type, grade and stage in malignant cases. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted from August 2018 to January 2020. Total 50 consecutive cases of surface epithelial ovarian neoplasms received in Pathology Department of Srirama Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack were examined for expression of VEGF by Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Data was examined to find association of VEGF expression with demographic profile, grade, stage and were analysed statistically using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Statistical significance was tested by using Pearson’s chi-square test. The p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Total 50 cases of ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms of different types and grade were included in the study. A 42 of the 50 cases (84%) showed VEGF expression. Out of the 42 positive cases, 18 were high VEGF expressors and 24 were low VEGF expressors. The VEGF expression was significantly higher in carcinomas as compared to benign and borderline neoplasms and also in high grade malignancies in comparison to low grade (p≤0.001). Conclusion: The study shows that the differential expression of VEGF in different ovarian epithelial neoplasms which can be a diagnostic and prognostic tool and can be applied as a VEGF targeted therapy in certain group of patients.

Evaluation of Adnexal Masses – Correlation of Clinical and Radiologic Features with Histopathologic Findings

Background: Ovarian carcinoma is the seventh most common cause of carcinoma-induced deaths among women of the world. Adnexal masses often pose a diagnostic challenge to a treating physician. The aim of the present study was to find out the incidence of various categories of ovarian tumors and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters among patients attending a tertiary care center of Eastern India. Another aim was the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings. Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out for a period of 1 year. Female patients with adnexal masses were included in the study. Clinical, laboratory, and sonographic findings of each patient were recorded along with their histopathological reports. Results: The median age of 59 patients included in the study was 36 years. Most patients (32, 54.2%) were between 30 and 50 years of age. Thirty-six (61%) ovarian tumors were found to be benign and the rest (23, 39%) malignant. Surface epithelial tumors were the most common type (35, 59.3%), followed by germ cell tumors (11, 18.6%) and sex cord stromal tumors (9, 15.3%). A statistically significant association was noted between parity, menstrual status, laterality, size, gross appearance of tumor, and nature (benign/malignant) of the mass. Sensitivity (57%) and specificity (86%) of the clinical diagnosis were good, but diagnostic accuracy (88%) of sonographic findings was better. While serum CA125 level measurement had a diagnostic accuracy of 78%, the risk of malignancy index (RMI) 2 score, with an accuracy of 86%, has the potential to guide further management in a patient with adnexal mass. Conclusion: Increased incidence of malignancy was noted with postmenopause, nulliparity, bilaterality of tumors, and complex tumor morphology. All these risk factors were found to be statistically significant. RMI 2 score may be used routinely for diagnosis and guidance of further management of adnexal masses.

Ovarian Neoplasms: Clinicopathological Spectrum in Tribal Rajasthan, India

Introduction: Ovarian neoplasms have increased in incidence in leading sites of cancer in five old population based cancer registries on comparing first ten and last ten years data. All three germ layers are afflicted in process of ovarian neoplasm- ceolomic epithelium, germ cell and sex chord/stromal cells. Due to this, ovarian masses are spread widely over all age groups. However, a correct pathological diagnosis goes a long way in management of the disease and consequent benefit to patient. Aim: To assess the histopathological pattern, age, laterality and distribution of ovarian tumours in a tertiary care centre of tribal part of Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: Retrospective hospital based study wherein 157 ovarian specimens received in Department of Pathology of Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan over a period of three years were studied after obtaining permission from ethical committee. Details such as age, signs and symptoms, laterality were retrieved from patient file. Only benign, borderline or malignant ovarian neoplasm specimens removed surgically were included. Physiological cysts were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed as percentages. Results: Out of 157 ovarian neoplasms, 42 (26.75%) were from hysterectomy specimen, 44 (28.03%) from planned cystectomy for mass, 71 (45.22%) from cytoreductive surgery or tissue obtained from Exploratory Laparotomy. A 63.06%, 33.76% and 3.18% of neoplasms were benign, malignant and borderline, respectively. Extremes of age lied between 14 to 84 years. Mean age for benign, malignant and borderline tumours respectively was 38.60 years (SD=15.21), 47.79 years (SD=14.53) and 38.4 years (SD=14.04), respectively. Unilateral tumours were clearly in abundance with 85.35%. Right-sided tumours were more (49.04%). Surface Epithelial Tumours (SET’s), Germ Cell Tumour (GCT’s) and Sex Chord Stromal Tumours (SCSCT’s) were 59.24%, 34.39% and 6.37%, respectively. Out of 10 cases, 60% were malignant (Granulosa cell tumour). No metastatic tumour was seen during the study period. Conclusion: To effectively reverse the trend in a developing country like India each and every gynaecologist should be aware and well versed with histo-morphological pattern of ovarian neoplasms specific to a region.

ANALYSIS OF TUMOUR VASCULARIZATION BY MICROVESSEL DENSITY AND ITS PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE IN SURFACE EPITHELIAL OVARIAN NEOPLASMS

Ovarian malignancy is one of the most common cancers contributing to signicant morbidity and mortality. Tumour vascularization is critical to growth and metastasis of the tumour determining the course of disease. Microvessel density is a reliable indicator of degree of vascularization in a tumour and can be used as a parameter to compare aggressiveness. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of tumour vascularization across a spectrum of surface epithelial ovarian tumours by calculating microvessel density. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify CD34 and quantify the microvessels observed. Our study revealed that malignant ovarian tumours have a higher microvessel density as compared to benign and borderline tumours. This nding is signicant in context of treatment of advanced ovarian cancers by anti-angiogenic drugs to improve survival rates. Hence, microvessel density is an important prognostic factor in ovarian malignancy and can be used to monitor treatment using novel targeted therapy.

Clinicopathological Spectrum of Surface Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma and its Association with Serum CA-125 Levels: A Cohort Study

Introduction: The ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs and endocrine glands. Ovarian carcinoma has often been called as the silent killer because the symptoms may develop so late that the chances of cure are very poor. According to World Health Organisation (WHO) ovarian tumours are classified based upon their most probable tissue of origin: surface epithelial (65%), germ cell (15%), sex cord-stromal (10%), metastases (5%) and miscellaneous. The malignant surface epithelial tumours are further classified by cell type into serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear cell, brenner, seromucinous and undifferentiated carcinoma. The most widely used tumour marker in ovarian carcinoma is CA-125 which is considered as gold standard. Aim : To find the utility of serum CA-125 levels in histopathological variants of malignant surface epithelial tumours, degree of differentiation and their distribution according to clinical data pertaining to age, parity, history of use of oral contraceptive pills/ovulation inducing drugs and family history of carcinoma ovary/breast or colon. Materials and Methods: A prospective study (cohort study) was done at Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot over a period of 1.5 year (April 2017-oct 2018) on 50 ovarian masses which were diagnosed as ovarian carcinoma. Data was represented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and as means and standard deviations for continuous variables. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 20.0.0. Results: Serous carcinoma (80%) topped among all the histological variants. Serous high grade carcinoma was more common than serous low grade carcinoma. Maximum rise of serum CA-125 levels were seen in serous carcinoma. Among serous carcinomas, mean serum CA-125 levels were more in high grade serous carcinoma than low grade serous carcinoma and the results were statistically significant. conclusion: Serum CA-125 level is a great tool for diagnosis, follow-up and prognosis of ovarian carcinomas.

Role of Ovarian Fertility Sparing Surgery (FSS) in Cases of Early Stage 1 Ovarian Cancer in Patients in Reproductive Age Group

Objective: To assess the role of FSS in women with early stage 1 ovarian cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective analytic study of the results of treatment of 24 patients all under 40 years of age who underwent a full conservative staging laparotomy procedure in oncology center of El Shatby Maternity hospital, Alexandria University in the period of one year from October 2019 to September 2020. All patients were followed up for a six month period following surgery by the pre-operatively elevated tumor marker and by a CT abdomen and pelvis to detect any tumor recurrence. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 24.29 Years. 6/24 (25%) of surface epithelial tumor were G1, 8/24 (33.3%) were G2, 4/24 (16.7%) were G3. 20/24 (83.3%) of patients were stage FIGO 1a, 4/25 (16.7%) were stage 1b, and none of them was stage 1c. 20/24 (83.3%) of patients were stage FIGO 1a, 4/25 (16.7%) were stage 1b, and none of them was stage 1c. Recurrence was reported in 3/24 of cases (12.5%), such 3 cases underwent unilateral SO plus a FCSLP. No recurrence was reported in cases of bilateral tumors that underwent unilateral SO and a contralateral cystectomy. 100% of recurrence was in epithelial tumors. 1/24 (4.1%) was clear cell, 1/24 (4.1%) was serous and 1/24 (4.1%) was mucinous. None of the endometroid tumors did recur. Also none of the non-epithelial tumors showed any recurrence. Tumors of G1 showed no recurrence, G2 tumors showed 33.3% recurrence and G3 tumors showed the highest recurrence rate (66.6%). Conclusion: ovarian FSS is a safe surgical option for nearly all OC patients with low risk of recurrence, with apparently early stage OC, after being confirmed by a FCSLP to exclude any occult metastasis (occult advanced stage OC), including those cases of early epithelial OC, germ cell and gonadal stromal tumors and it should be considered for patients who have a strong desire to keep their fertility.

Role of histopathology in diagnosis of ovarian neoplasms: Our experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Ovarian tumours are known to be diverse biologically, varying from non-malignant to malignant tumours having implication on course of the management and prognosis. To address the paucity of such study on ovarian neoplasm from our region of West Bengal, we planned and executed this study. The aim of the study was to analyse the distribution of various ovarian tumours and classify them according to the biological behaviour, age, laterality, and mode of the presentation. It was a retrospective study done in a tertiary care center of Kolkata, India. A retrospective data of 4 years comprising 84 cases were included in the study from January 2016 to December 2019. All the slides were retrieved from the archives and re-evaluated and cross-checked with patients' clinical history, demographic, and macroscopic findings. Out of these 84 tumours, maximum cases were of surface epithelial neoplasms (69%) followed by germ cell tumours (26.1%). Age interval of 19-40 years accounted for the highest number of individuals with equal predominance of both sites of the ovary. Serous cyst adenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumour. Histological examination remains the mainstay in the early diagnosis of ovarian tumours and facilitates timely appropriate management of patients, and hence, reduces overall mortality in women.

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SURFACE EPITHELIAL OVARIAN TUMORS- A TERTIARY CARE CENTER STUDY.

Background: Ovarian tumors are one of the most common tumors, which occur in female genital tract. Despite the newer techniques in imaging and molecular biology, the diagnosis of ovarian tumors primarily depends on histopathological examination. Ovarian tumors manifests a wide spectrum of clinical, morphological and histological features. The aim of the study was to find the incidence of surface epithelial ovarian tumors in a tertiary referral centre. Materials and methods: A retrospective data of 3 years were collected for surface epithelial ovarian tumors submitted to the pathology department of the tertiary care hospital and analysed. The correlation of these surface epithelial ovarian tumors was done with age, clinical presentation and histomorphological patterns. Non-neoplastic lesions like simple ovarian cysts, tubo-ovarian mass and polycystic ovaries were excluded. Results: A total number of 56 cases were studied. Out of which 44 cases were benign and 12 cases were malignant. Maximum cases were observed between 21 to 30 years. Mass per abdomen was the most common presentation(36%) followed by mass and pain in abdomen(27%).Serous cystadenoma formed maximum 28 cases(50%) followed by Mucinous cystadenoma(16 cases) 28 % , Serous cysadenocarcinoma formed 5cases (9%), followed by Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma 3 cases(5%) & 2 cases each(4%) of clear cell carcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma were noted. The most common histopathological type of benign and malignant tumor was serous cystadenoma (50.2%) and serous cystadenocarcinoma(9%) respectively. Conclusion: In the study majority (78.6%) of the surface epithelial ovarian tumors were benign. Malignancy was seen in (21.4)% of the cases. Surface epithelial tumours present a great challenge to the gynecologic oncologist because non-neoplastic ovarian lesions can form a pelvic mass and potentially mimic a neoplasm. Correct histopathological diagnosis of surface epithelial ovarian tumors is of prime importance in view of their behavioral predictability and clinical correlation for proper management of the patient.

Histopathological study of ovarian tumours

Ovarian tumours are common neoplasms in females and have diverse histopathological entities as they are derived from different cells of origin. Histopathological patterns and incidence of 121 ovarian tumours were studied in Department of Pathology, JJMMC Davangere, during the period from January 2015 to December 2016. The age of the study subjects varied from 15 to 65 years, and the most common age group was between 31-40 years. Among the ovarian tumours 70.30% were benign neoplasms and 29.3 were malignant. The most common among the ovarian tumours was surface epithelial tumours which constitutes 74.4% of all ovarian tumours followed by germ cell tumours constituting 18.8% of all cases. The determination of these patterns is important for diagnosis, management and prognosis. Keywords: Benign tumours, Germ cell tumours, Malignant tumours, Ovarian tumours, Surface epithelial tumours.

A two year retrospective study of ovarian tumours in a rural tertiary care hospital

Introduction: The classification of ovarian tumours, both benign and malignant, into numerous categories is a proof for the ever expanding number of new lesions being added every year. This heterogeneity of ovarian lesions is the initiating factor to conduct this retrospective study to evaluate the frequency and age distribution of ovarian lesions in our tertiary centre. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the Department of pathology, Government Thiruvarur medical college, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu between the period Jan ‘2016 to Dec’2017.The clinical details along with the gross and histopathological diagnosis cases with ovarian lesions were compiled and analysed to arrive at the percentage of distribution of various lesions. Results: Out of 144 cases studied, benign, borderline and malignant ovarian tumours were 79.85%, 3.47% and 16.65% respectively. Benign tumours peaked between third and fourth decades, while malignant tumours were seen commonly after fifth decade. Surface epithelial tumours were common (84%) followed by germ cell tumours (7.64%) and sex cord stromal tumours (4.16%). Serous cystadenoma was more common than mucinous cystadenoma followed by mature cystic teratoma. Serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy in our study. Keywords: Surface epithelial tumour, Germ cell tumours, Sex cord stromal tumours.

Clinicopathological correlation of ovarian tumors in a tertiary care hospital

Introduction and Objective: Ovary is one of the complex organs in terms of its embryology, histology, steroidogenesis and tumor incidence. The present study highlights the correlation between the clinical and pathological features of neoplastic lesions of ovary in order to arrive at a better understanding of the disease process. The objective of study is to assess the overall incidence of various histological types of ovarian neoplasm, the pattern of occurrence of ovarian tumors in relation to age, parity and modes of presentations and to study the histopathological findings of various ovarian tumors. Materials and Methods: Biopsies received at the Department of Pathology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital-Chrompet were subjected for histopathological study. Specimens were then fixed in 10% formalin for 24-48 hour, processed and embedded in paraffin blocks. Sections of 4-6 microns thickness were taken and stained with routine haematoxylin and eosin and studied. IHC was done whenever necessary. Result: Out of 92 cases of ovarian tumors 68 cases were benign, 3 were borderline and 21 were malignant. Serous cystadenoma formed the majority (38%) among benign lesions and among malignant lesions serous cystadeno carcinoma (5.4%) were common. Majority were surface epithelial tumors and constituted 64.13% (59 cases) with germ cell tumors 26% (24 cases) and sex cord stromal tumors 8.6% (8 cases). Interpretation and Conclusion: The correct histopathological diagnosis of ovarian tumor is of prime importance in view of their behavioural predictability, clinical correlation and the proper management of patient. Keywords: Ovary, Tumor, Histopathology.

Clinicpathological study of ovarian tumors: A 5 year study

A wide spectrum of neoplasms are encountered in the ovary because of the totipotential and multipotential capacity of ovarian germ cells and mesenchymal cells. Ovarian neoplasms are the cause of highest mortality in female genital tract neoplasms. Aim: this study was undertaken to assess the age distribution, presentation and the morphological variants of ovarian neoplasms. Materials and Methods: a retrospective and prospective study was undertaken in the department of pathology from January 2013 to December 2017. Results: out of 105 cases analysed, 98.10% were primary ovarian neoplasms while 1.90% were metastatic tumors. Majority, 85.71% were benign while 8.57% were malignant. Commonest tumors were the surface epithelial tumors (72.38%) followed by 18.09% germ cell tumors and 7.61% sex cord stromal tumors. Benign tumors were common in 4th decade while malignant were common in the 5th decade. The most common presenting complaint was pain in abdomen. Conclusion: Evaluating the exact morphological type is essential in today’s era of targeted therapy for cancer. Further studies on larger population groups are essential to evaluate the outcome with respect to histopathological typing, grading and staging of ovarian tumors. Keywords: Ovarian tumor, Histopathology.

TO STUDY RELATION BETWEEN SIZE OF OVARY AND VARIOUS HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL PATTERNS

Background & Method: The present study is based on histomorphological evaluation in 214 cases of Ovarian neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions received at the department of Pathology of a Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal from Apr 2017 to March 2019.
 Result: All lesions of size 03cm or less are non neoplastic. Of 133 non neoplastic cases, 72 are of size 4 to 6 cm, 36 cases of size 07to 10 cm and 11 cases are >10cm. Out of 47 benign neoplastic lesions 25 are more than 10 cm in size, 18 are of size 07 to 10 cm and 04 cases are of 04 to 06 cm in size. 24 out of 31 malignant cases are more than 10 cm in size, 05 cases are of size 07 to 10 cm and 02 cases are of size 04 to 06 cm. Of tumour size more than 10 cm, 25 are benign tumours and 24 are malignant tumours. Out of 59 cases of size 07 to 10 cm, 36 cases are non neoplastic, 18 cases are benign tumours and 05 are malignant tumours.
 Conclusion: Among the 214 cases, non neoplastic lesions (62.0%) were more common than the neoplastic lesion (38.0%). Overall incidence of malignancy was 14.4%, and it is 38% among neoplastic lesions. Among 133 non neoplastic lesions studied simple serous cyst (36%) was commonest followed by corpus luteal cyst (25%). Out of 81 tumours, surface epithelial tumours (67.6%) are the commonest ovarian tumours followed by germ cell tumours (24.7%).
 Keywords: Ovary, Size & Histomorphological.
 Study Designed: Observational Study.

Histopathological study of ovarian tumours in a tertiary healthcare centre of southern Rajasthan

Ovarian tumors are an increasing cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. The present study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare centre of southern Rajasthan to determine the incidence of various histological and morphological variants of ovarian tumour, their clinical presentation and age distribution. : The study was performed in two tertiary healthcare centre of southern Rajasthan and included 130 specimens of ovary received in the pathology department of two centers. The specimens were subjected to critical gross as well as histopathological study. Routine paraffin sections with H & E staining were seen. The clinical as well as histological findings were compiled on proforma and then subjected to analysis. Total 130 patients were included in the study with the age range from 10 years to 90 years. Maximum patients were from age group 41-50 years (24.61%). In the present study, abdominal pain (46.1%) was the most common presenting complaint followed by mass per abdomen with irregular periods (10.7%). Majority of the ovarian tumours belonged to benign tumours (66.92%) followed by malignant tumours (28.46%). As per WHO classification, surface epithelium tumours were found to be the commonest variety (76.12%), followed by Germ cell tumour (18.46%). Three cases of metastatic tumours to ovaries were also diagnosed in the present study. Among the various known subtypes of ovarian tumours, serous cystadenoma (30.77%) was found to be the most common subtype followed by benign cystic teratoma (16.92%) and then serous cystadenocarcinoma (13.85%). Benign ovarian tumours are more common than malignant or borderline tumours. Among the histopathological subtypes of ovarian tumours, surface epithelial tumours are the commonest type followed by germ cell tumours. Differentiation between benign and malignant tumours is important to assure proper management and recovery. Similar studies with greater sample size are advisable in future.