Surface Area Of Nanoparticles Research Articles

Development of High Surface Area Organosilicate Nanoparticulate Thin Films for Use in Sensing Hydrophobic Compounds in Sediment and Water.

The scope of this study was to apply advances in materials science, specifically the use of organosilicate nanoparticles as a high surface area platform for passive sampling of chemicals or pre-concentration for active sensing in multiple-phase complex environmental media. We have developed a novel nanoporous organosilicate (NPO) film as an extraction phase and proof of concept for application in adsorbing hydrophobic compounds in water and sediment. We characterized the NPO film properties and provided optimization for synthesis and coatings in order to apply the technology in environmental media. NPO films in this study had a very high surface area, up to 1325 m2/g due to the high level of mesoporosity in the film. The potential application of the NPO film as a sorbent phase for sensors or passive samplers was evaluated using a model hydrophobic chemical, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), in water and sediment. Sorption of PCB to this porous high surface area nanoparticle platform was highly correlated with the bioavailable fraction of PCB measured using whole sediment chemistry, porewater chemistry determined by solid-phase microextraction fiber methods, and the Lumbriculus variegatus bioaccumulation bioassay. The surface-modified NPO films in this study were found to highly sorb chemicals with a log octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) greater than four; however, surface modification of these particles would be required for application to other chemicals.

Hierarchical core-shell electrode with rGO wrapped NiWO4 nanowire arrays on Ni foam for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors

This paper presents a novel class of hierarchical core-shell nanowire arrays (NWAs) that may greatly enhance the electrochemical storage of energy capabilities of supercapacitors. These NWAs consist of rGO sheets surrounding a NiWO4 nanowire core. The average surface area of NiWO4 nanoparticles was 105.7 m2/g, and their sizes ranged from 20 to 100 nm. The NWO/rGO composite has an impressive specific capacitance of up to 1156 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. The synergistic impact of NiWO4 and rGO, which offer conducting channels and active sites, is responsible for the NWO/rGO electrode's significantly improved capacitive performance. This hybrid electrode has a lot of promise for use in energy storage devices since the cyclic stability tests showed that its starting values did not decline after 5000 cycles. In a three-electrode system, the NiWO4/rGO electrode provides more energy density compared to the NiWO4 electrode because to a boost in specific capacitance and a wider potential window (1 V for nanocomposite NiWO4/rGO vs. 0.6 V for NiWO4). Electrodes made of a nanocomposite of NiWO4 and rGO are used to construct a symmetric capacitor. Both the asymmetric and symmetric capacitors function similarly when driven within a 1.5 V potential region. On top of that, the device achieved a power density of 932 W kg−1 and an energy density of 42 Wh kg−1.

Comparative investigation on physicochemical, biological, and cytotoxicity of magnesium oxide prepared by chemically mediated and green synthesis using the bark of Cassia absus Linn

The MgO nanoparticles were synthesized from the bark extract of Cassia absus Linn. and the chemical method. The green synthesized and chemically synthesized MgO nanoparticles were confirmed from the XRD and FTIR analysis. The green synthesized MgO showed reduced particle size and nanorods morphology whereas the chemically synthesized samples showed nanoflake morphology. The phenolic components present in the green synthesized MgO nanoparticles aided in the improved antioxidant properties and the improved surface area of MgO nanoparticles resulted in the slow and sustained drug release (10 % delay) which could be an attractive property in the delivery of the antibiotics. The sample is non-cytotoxic and the zebrafish embryo mortality rate is much lesser than that of the chemically synthesized MgO nanoparticles. The fibroblast viability was enhanced in the green synthesized MgO nanoparticles; therefore, the MgO nanoparticles could be used in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering applications.

P-doped Mo2C nanoparticles embedded on carbon nanofibers as an efficient electrocatalyst for Li-S batteries

Designing a reliable sulfur host that can simultaneously catalyze sulfur redox reactions and suppress polysulfides shuttling is highly desired for the development of advancing Li-S batteries. In this work, P-doped Mo2C nanoparticles anchoring on carbon nanofibers (CNF) is prepared via an organic–inorganic nanohybridization process. The interwoven CNF networks establish continuous electrons transport pathways and provide a large surface area for loading P-Mo2C nanoparticles. The P dopant tunes the electronic structure of Mo2C, which endows P-Mo2C with enhanced polysulfides adsorption ability and improved sulfur redox kinetics. Leveraging these advantages, the Li-S battery shows excellent electrochemical properties, delivering a high specific capacity of 1174 mA·h·g−1 at 0.2 C, and maintaining over 1200 stable cycles at 1 C with a low capacity attenuation rate of 0.043 % per cycle. At a S loading of 4.88 mg·cm−2 and E/S ratio of 8.25 μL·mg−1, the Li-S battery attains an areal capacity of 6.50 mA·h·cm−2 at 0.05 C. These results highlight the promising application potential of P-Mo2C@CNF as an effective electrocatalyst for Li-S batteries.

Mechanical properties, sustained release, and oxygen scavenging properties of nanocomposite films loaded with bimetallic nanoparticles (Fe2O3/TiO2) in extra virgin olive oil.

The aim of this study was the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles based on Fe2O3/TiO2 and its use in the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films as an oxygen scavenger in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) packaging. Bimetallic nanocomposites were prepared by two different precipitation methods (precipitation with ammonia and sodium hydroxide). The characteristics of bimetallic nanoparticles precipitated with sodium hydroxide (Na-Ti0.01Fe0.048O0.08) and bimetallic nanoparticles precipitated with ammonia (NH-Ti0.01Fe0.022O0.09) were compared. Relative amounts of elements in bimetallic nanocomposites and their morphological characteristics were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Porosity volume and surface area of bimetallic nanoparticles were calculated using adsorption-desorption isotherms and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method. The formation/characterization of bimetallic nanoparticles and their location in the matrix of PLA-based nanocomposite film was studied using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared. In nanocomposite films based on PLA, bimetallic nanoparticles lead to better oxidative stability (peroxide value, p-anisidine index, K232, and K270) of the EVOO and oxygen scavenging during storage compared to free nanoparticles. Mechanical properties of nanocomposite films were improved due to bimetallic nanoparticles, which were better for Na-Ti0.01Fe0.048O0.08. In vitro release modeling of the bimetallic nanoparticles in EVOO proved that Fickian diffusion is the dominant mechanism, and the Peleg model was the best description of the release behavior of nanoparticles.

Efficient isomerization of glucose into fructose by MgO-doped lignin-derived ordered mesoporous carbon

The conversion of glucose into fructose can transform cellulose into high-value chemicals. This study introduces an innovative synthesis method for creating an MgO-based ordered mesoporous carbon (MgO@OMC) catalyst, aimed at the efficient isomerization of glucose into fructose. Throughout the synthesis process, lignin serves as the exclusive carbon precursor, while Mg2+ functions as both a crosslinking agent and a metallic active center. This enables a one-step synthesis of MgO@OMC via a solvent-induced evaporation self-assembly (EISA) method. The synthesized MgO@OMCs exhibit an impeccable 2D hexagonal ordered mesoporous structure, in addition to a substantial specific surface area (378.2 m2/g) and small MgO nanoparticles (1.52 nm). Furthermore, this catalyst was shown active, selective, and reusable in the isomerization of glucose to fructose. It yields 41 % fructose with a selectivity of up to 89.3 % at a significant glucose loading of 7 wt% in aqueous solution over MgO0.5@OMC-600. This performance closely rivals the current maximum glucose isomerization yield achieved with solid base catalysts. Additionally, the catalyst retains a fructose selectivity above 60 % even after 4 cycles, a feature attributable to its extended ordered mesoporous structure and the spatial confinement effect of the OMCs, bestowing it with high catalytic efficiency.

Visible light-induced photocatalytic and antibacterial adhesion properties of superhydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles

Bacterial infections triggered by patient or healthcare worker contact with surfaces are a major cause of medically acquired infections. By controlling the kinetics of tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis and condensation during the sol–gel process, it is possible to regulate the content of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies (OVs) in TiO2, and adjust the associated visible light-induced photocatalytic performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The results have shown that the Ti3+ content in TiO2 was 9.87% at the calcination temperature of the reaction system was 300 °C and pH was 1.0, corresponding to optimal photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties. The formation of a hydrated layer on the superhydrophilic surface provided resistance to bacterial adhesion, preventing cross-contamination on high-touch surfaces. The excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties can be attributed to synergistic effects associated with the high specific surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles, the mesoporous structure, and the presence of Ti3+ and OVs. The formation of superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces under visible light can serve as the basis for the development of a new class of anti-bacterial adhesion materials.

Recent Advances in Synergistic Effect of Nanoparticles and Its Biomedical Application.

The synergistic impact of nanomaterials is critical for novel intracellular and/or subcellular drug delivery systems of minimal toxicity. This synergism results in a fundamental bio/nano interface interaction, which is discussed in terms of nanoparticle translocation, outer wrapping, embedding, and interior cellular attachment. The morphology, size, surface area, ligand chemistry and charge of nanoparticles all play a role in translocation. In this review, we suggest a generalized mechanism to characterize the bio/nano interface, as we discuss the synergistic interaction between nanoparticles and cells, tissues, and other biological systems. Novel perceptions are reviewed regarding the ability of nanoparticles to improve hybrid nanocarriers with homogeneous structures to enhance multifunctional biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, tissue engineering, immunotherapy, and phototherapy.

CeO2 NANOTANECİKLERİNİN SENTEZİ, KARAKTERİZASYONU VE FOTOKATALİTİK AKTİVİTESİ

The discharge of untreated wastewater from unplanned industrial activities using dyes can cause serious environmental pollution and affect the aquatic environment. Semiconductor photocatalysis is a favorable technology widely used for degrading organic dyes in wastewater. This study dealt with the preparation of CeO2 nanoparticles via a simple precipitation technique. Information on the structural and morphological features of the developed CeO2 nanoparticles were determined using Fourier transform infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) spectroscopic methods. The presence of the characteristic bands of CeO2 in the FTIR spectrum provided evidence of successful CeO2 formation. The calculated crystallite particle size utilizing the Scherrer equation was 10 nm. SEM images revealed that the morphology of CeO2 consisted of almost spherical particles with slight agglomeration. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) technique was also used to find out the specific surface area of CeO2 nanoparticles (11 m2/g). The efficiency of CeO2 nanoparticles was also confirmed in terms of their photocatalytic activity against Rhodamine B (Rh B) under UV-A light. The results indicated that CeO2 nanoparticles could be a promising catalyst candidate for industrial wastewater treatment.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate using heterogeneous Fe-doped carbon-based catalyst to generate singlet oxygen for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole

Non-radical catalytic oxidation processes can eliminate refractory pollutants from wastewater containing complex substrates such as dissolved organic matter, but the production of selective non-radicals is challenging during the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Herein, a novel magnetic carbon-based catalyst (Fe3O4@CD-8, where 8 represents an annealing temperature of 800 ℃) with N and Fe species as catalytic active sites was fabricated to remediate sulfamethoxazole (SMX)-containing water. It showed excellent SMX removal efficiency and facilitated singlet oxygen (1O2) production. The characterization results revealed that Fe3O4@CD-8 had a microscopically hierarchical pore structure and an overall core–shell-like structure. Due to its large specific surface area, N-containing species, and Fe nanoparticles, 0.1 g/L Fe3O4@CD-8 removed almost 100% SMX (24 min) and achieved a 44.1% mineralization (40 min) efficiency in the presence of 0.5 mM PMS. This catalytic system also maintained its removal performance in the presence of inorganic anions and humic acids and over a wide pH range of 3–11, showing good tolerance to various environmental factors. 1O2 was confirmed to be the predominant active species for SMX degradation using the Fe3O4@CD-8/PMS system. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, intermediate monitoring, and toxicity evaluation demonstrated that SMX was transformed into low-toxicity molecules and completely mineralized into CO2 and H2O. The addition of Fe nanoparticles enhanced PMS adsorption and facilitated the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox cycle to accelerate the activation of PMS. This study provides new insights and strategies for the controlled production of non-radicals for remediating antibiotic-containing wastewater.

Magnetic Nanocomposites for Removal of Arsenic from Water

Arsenic significantly impacts human health and the environment and its removal from wastewater is still difficult. Magnetic nanoparticles have come to light as a viable arsenic remediation technique, providing a fresh and long-lasting water purification method. This study investigates the use of magnetic nanoparticles to remove arsenic by concentrating on their adsorption mechanism, kinetics, potential for adsorption, recovery, and promising use of this method in the future. Due to the extensive surface area and variable surface chemistry of magnetic nanoparticles, they can effectively adsorb arsenic from water sources. Because their magnetic properties simplify separation and regeneration, they may be used again with little to no efficiency loss. As a result, they reduce trash output by providing an ecologically acceptable alternative to traditional adsorbents. The present study also examines the kinetics and adsorption process of magnetic nanoparticles, emphasising their improved selectivity and capacity for adsorption. Due to these characteristics, the authors were able to successfully remove arsenic from wastewater, resulting in better water quality and decreased health hazards after exposure to arsenic. Additionally, the potential applications of magnetic nanoparticles in removing arsenic have been highlighted. It is envisaged that advances in material science and nanotechnology will create unique magnetic nanoparticles with even better performance. Combining hybrid materials and surface alterations can increase their effectiveness in wastewater treatment settings.

Nanoparticles loaded with β-Lapachone and Fe3+ exhibit enhanced chemodynamic therapy by producing H2O2 through cascaded amplification

The rapid, irreversible change of active Fe2+ to inactive Fe3+ after the Fenton reaction occurring reduces the chemodynamic therapeutic (CDT) effect. Therefore, manipulation of the tumor microenvironment to provide sufficient hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while maintaining metal ion catalyst activity is critical for effective CDT. Here, β-Lapachone (LPC) was loaded by mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and coated with polydopamine (PDA) to further chelate Fe3+ and link aptamer AS1411, and a pH-controlled released, chemotherapy-photothermal therapy (PTT)-enhanced CDT-small molecule therapy combination drug delivery system with passive and active tumor targeting was engineered (designated as β-LPC@MSN@PDA/Fe3+-AS1411, LMPFA). The results showed that LFMPA nanoparticles massively accumulated in tumor tissues to achieve tumor targeting through AS1411 mediating and enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Subsequently, PDA released Fe3+ and LPC through acid response to exhibited CDT and chemotherapeutic therapy. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect of PDA promoted the release of LPC from the pores of MSN. LPC exerted chemotherapy effect and cyclically producing of H2O2 by the catalysis of NQO1, which enhanced the CDT activated by Fe3+. In addition, while serving as a targeted ligand, AS1411 could also exhibit a small molecule therapeutic effect by binding to nucleoli of tumor cells. This unique nano delivery system achieved the combination of chemotherapy, PTT, enhanced CDT and small molecule therapy, and fought against malignant tumors synergistically through multi-target and multi-dimension.

Optically Imaging In Situ Effects of Electrochemical Cycling on Single Nanoparticle Electrocatalysis.

Single-nanoparticle studies often need one or a series of nanoparticle populations that are designed with differences in a nominally particular structural parameter to clarify the structure-activity relationship (SAR). However, the heterogeneity of various properties within any population would make it rather difficult to approach an ideal one-parameter control. In situ modification ensures the same nanoparticle to be investigated and also avoids complicating effects from the otherwise often needed ex situ operations. Herein, we apply electrochemical cycling to single platinum nanoparticles and optically examine their SAR. An electrocatalytic fluorescent microscopic method is established to evaluate the apparent catalytic activity of a number of single nanoparticles toward the oxygen reduction reaction. Meanwhile, dark-field microscopy with the substrate electrode under a cyclic potential control is found to be able to assess the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of single nanoparticles via induced chloride redox electrochemistry. Consequently, nanoparticles with drastically increased catalytic activity are discovered to have larger ECSAs upon potential regulation, and interestingly, there are also a few particles with decreased activity, as opposed to the overall trend, that all develop a smaller ECSA in the process. The deactivated nanoparticles against the overall enhancement effects of potential cycling are revealed for the first time. As such, the SAR of single nanoparticles when subjected to an in situ structural control is optically demonstrated.

PVA-TiO2 Nanocomposite Hydrogel as Immobilization Carrier for Gas-to-Liquid Wastewater Treatment

This study investigates the development of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel matrices for biomass immobilization in wastewater treatment. The PVA hydrogels were prepared through a freezing–thawing (F-T) cross-linking process and reinforced with high surface area nanoparticles to improve their mechanical stability and porosity. The PVA/nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared using two different nanoparticle materials: iron oxide (Fe3O2) and titanium oxide (TiO2). The effects of the metal oxide nanoparticle type and content on the pore structure, hydrogel bonding, and mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the cross-linked hydrogel composites were investigated. The most durable PVA/nanoparticles matrix was then tested in the bioreactor for the biological treatment of wastewater. Morphological analysis showed that the reinforcement of PVA gel with Fe2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a compact nanocomposite hydrogel with regular pore distribution. The FTIR analysis highlighted the formation of bonds between nanoparticles and hydrogel, which caused more interaction within the polymeric matrix. Furthermore, the mechanical strength and Young’s modulus of the hydrogel composites were found to depend on the type and content of the nanoparticles. The most remarkable improvement in the mechanical strength of the PVA/nanoparticles composites was obtained by incorporating 0.1 wt% TiO2 and 1.0 wt% Fe2O3 nanoparticles. However, TiO2 showed more influence on the mechanical strength, with more than 900% improvement in Young’s modulus for TiO2-reinforced PVA hydrogel. Furthermore, incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced hydrogel stability but did not affect the biodegradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. These results suggest that the PVA-TiO2 hydrogel has the potential to be used as an effective carrier for biomass immobilization and wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of porous ZrC particles derived from MOF-801

Porous zirconium carbide (ZrC) nanoparticles were synthesized by carbothermal reduction using MOF-801, a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (Zr-MOF), and sucrose, which serves as an environment-friendly carbon source. The sucrose was adsorbed into the pores of MOF-801 for adjusting the carbon content. The results showed that the final ZrC particles retained the morphology of the initial MOF-801 particles with a round shape and a uniform size of 261 ± 37 nm. Importantly, the material was able to maintain its high surface area up to 1500 °C. The specific surface area of ZrC nanoparticles synthesized using a 1.5:1 Sucrose: MOF-801 molar ratio gradually decreased from 186 m2/g to 13 m2/g as the reaction temperature increased from 1500 °C to 2000 °C, revealing that the porosity of the porous ZrC particles can be controlled due to partial sintering inside the particles at different temperatures. Porous ZrC particles show promise for ultra-high temperature applications such as thermal insulation and as porous substrates.

Enhanced photovoltaic performance of green synthesized Fe3O4 nanostructures embedded in TiO2 photoanode for dye sensitized solar cells

This study assessed the influence of incorporating green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticle into TiO2 for enhanced photovoltaic performance of photoanode in DSSC. Iron (II, III) Oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle was successfully synthesized using Carica papaya leaves extract. Natural dyes were used as sensitizers along with commercially available Ruthenium dye (N719). The optical absorptions observed between 350 and 600 nm confirmed the formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticle. The XRD patterns showed the crystalline nature of the Fe3O4 nanoparticle with the average crystallite size of 12.16 nm. The morphologies of the samples demonstrated that the Fe3O4 nanoparticle was well-formed and homogeneously dispersed. The EDX spectral of the samples affirmed the presence of iron and other constituent elements. The TEM micrograph also confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 13.55 nm and the SAED patterns revealed the crystallographic planes of the samples. The DSSCs performance showed that the efficiencies increased significantly with percentage increase of 75.8%, 80.0%, 92.8% and 89.3% for Vernonia amygdalina, Camellia sinensis, Indigofera tinctoria and Ruthenium dyes, respectively. The high specific surface area, biocompatibility and good dispersion of the green-synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticle incorporated into the photoanode of DSSC suggested that it is a promising nanomaterial for application in DSSC.

Preparation of amino-functionalized polyethylene-silica composite membrane and FDH immobilization

Enzymatic CO2 conversion represents a highly efficient, energy-conserving, and environmentally sustainable approach to mitigating the increasing pressure caused by huge carbon emissions and generating valuable products. However, several challenges associate with the process including the instability and recovery difficulty of free enzyme, as well as low solubility of CO2 in mild conditions. Immobilizing enzyme on the amino-functionalized supports presents a viable solution to these issues. Considering the wide application of polymer hollow fiber membranes in the field of CO2 gas–liquid membrane contactor and the characteristics of hydrophilic, biocompatible, and high specific surface area of silica nanoparticles, the amino-functionalized polyethylene (PE)-silica (APS) composite membranes were fabricated via different routes. The morphologies, the loading rates of modified SiO2 and reusability of APS membranes were characterized for a crude screening. Following that, seven kinds of APS membranes were used as the carriers of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) that could catalyze the reduction of CO2 to formate, and their immobilization efficiency and catalytic performance were compared. The results show that 1# and 2# membranes based on carboxyl-modified PE with a loading rate of 5.5 %∼5.6 % and the reusability of above 99 % were more ideal carriers than others. The enzyme activity recovery rate of APS-immobilized FDH (FDH-APS) was separately 367 % and 256 %, proving the intensification action of carriers on the enzymatic reaction. After 10 cycles of use, the relative activity of two kinds of FDH-APS was around 70 % and 78 %, much higher than corresponding particles or membrane attached FDH (25.3 % and 20.4 %). After storage at 4 °C for 20 days, the relative activity of FDH-APS was 82.7 % and 81.0 %, while it was only 61.4 % for free enzyme.

Reactive mesoporous organosoluble multifunctional hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles: Synthesis, post-polymerization reactions and clickable layer-by-layer coating

Synthesis of reactive organosoluble porous polymers, which can be useful for covalent layer-by-layer coatings, is synthetically challenging and not well known. In this work, we demonstrated a new approach to synthesize indole-decorated mesoporous hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles, which can be easily post-modified via triazolinedione (TAD)-indole click reaction. Importantly, further crosslinking of the polymer nanoparticles in solution leads to formation of insoluble mesoporous polymers, where porosity and surface area of the hyperbranched polymer nanoparticles further improved by ∼40%. Consequently, the nanoparticles are useful in layer-by-layer porous coatings and post-surface modifications. While studying their water repellent properties it was noted that nanoparticles having higher surface area/porosity results better water repellent surface which can be further enhanced via suitable surface functionalization using different long chain alkyl functionalities.

Oxytetracycline degradation and antidermatophytic activity of novel biosynthesized MoS2 photocatalysts

The presence of environmental contamination poses a significant threat to life on our planet. Oxytetracycline, an antibiotic with a broad spectrum of effectiveness, demonstrates resistance to biodegradation, potentially resulting in an ecological hazard. In this study, we synthesized both pure and biosynthesized Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles using extracts from the bark of Ficusreligiosa L (FR) and leaves of ZiziphusjujubeL (ZJ). These nanopartices were characterized by various analytical methods to assess their efficiency in photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) and their antidermatophytic activity. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the prepared MoS2 catalysts typically exhibited hexagonal phase structure with crystalline size of approximately 13, 6, and 4 nm. Both pure and biosynthesized MoS2 nanoparticles displayed a nanoflake-like morphology with a spherical size distribution. BET surface area analyses exhibited an increase in surface area for biosynthesized MoS2 nanoparticles from 79 to 121 m2g−1. Optical absorption revealed a red shift in band gap energy, decreasing from 2.37 to 2.03 eV for biosynthesized MoS2 nanoparticles. The biosynthesized MoS2:FR nanoparticles exhibited remarkable OTC degradation with 99 % achieved within 100 min along with strong antifungal activity (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration - MIC of 12.5 µg/mL, Minimum Fungicidal Concentration - MFC of 25 µg/mL). These biosynthesized MoS2 catalysts are promising for water treatment purposes.

Effect of calcination temperature of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on adsorption performance of doxycycline hydrochloride

In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) was synthesized at different calcination temperatures by sol-gel method using butyl titanate as raw material. The effect of calcination temperature on the crystallinity and adsorption properties of TiO2 were investigated at 300 °C, 450 °C and 600 °C, respectively. The characteristics of TiO2 were analysed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyzer and zeta potential tester. The results showed that the crystal type, specific surface area and zeta potential of TiO2 nanoparticles changed with the increase of calcination temperature and the best performance of anatase crystals happened at the calcination temperature of 300 °C (TiO2@300) for doxycycline hydrochloride (DCH) adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of DCH was 28.97 mg/g with DCH removal rate of 86.92% at 0.03 g TiO2@300 addition in 100 ml 10 mg/L DCH solution. TiO2@300 could be a promising adsorbent.