Information Support System Research Articles

Выравнивающая региональная политика социально-экономического развития субъектов СКФО: аналитическое обеспечение для идентификации глубины межрегиональной неравномерности

The article presents the results of research on the formation of an information and analytical support system for the prompt establishment of the depth of socio-economic differentiation of regions within the boundaries of a single federal district. It is shown that the existing methods for calculating interregional asymmetry are based on the convolution of local indicators and the reduction of the original space of multidimensional data. The tasks of prompt development of corrective directions, mechanisms and instruments of regional socio-economic policy of the equalizing type require the availability of reliable and relevant information on the ongoing processes of territorial stratification. Without this, it is impossible to adequately plan and implement measures of regulatory impact on the meso-level economic space in the context of territorial development management by the federal center. In the article, from the standpoint of developing recommendations for adjusting regional socio-economic policy, an express diagnostics of the depth of interregional socio-economic differentiation is carried out. The most effective methods and sources of obtaining primary data for conducting multidimensional comparisons in the interregional context are determined. Using a system of multidimensional assessments and rating, reliable estimates of the depth of interregional asymmetry were obtained not only at the time of the study, but also in the dynamic aspect. The article complements the cycle of scientific and analytical publications of the author on the problems of development, formation and assessment of the effectiveness of the implementation of regional socio-economic policy. The obtained analytical results, empirical assessments and factual material on the regions of the North Caucasus Federal District can be useful to the structures and institutions of regional government and management, scientists and researchers dealing with the problem of leveling socio-economic asymmetry and spatial polarization of entities within the framework of regional policy for the development of territories.

USING RAG TECHNOLOGY TO DESIGN AN INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR SUPPORT EXPLORATORY SEARCH

This paper presents the integration of a large language model (LLM) into an intelligent information and analytical system for exploratory search support within specific texts. An overview of the capabilities of modern large language models is provided. Special attention is paid to the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) technology used for efficient formation and control of search contexts. The design and development of the system's business logic functions and user interface elements are detailed. Experimental results applying the developed system to texts with specific characteristics are presented. Conclusions are drawn regarding the system's applicability for automating ontology population. Conclusions are drawn regarding the system's applicability for automating the process of populating ontologies, as well as filling other knowledge repositories built using automated monitoring of open big data and intelligent data processing.

STRATEGIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SYNCHROMODAL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION ON SUMATERA ISLAND

The Sumatra region plays a significant role in Indonesia's economy. In 2022, for instance, the region contributed 22.04% to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), ranking just below Java, the largest contributor. Sumatra is rich in various resources such as plantations, oil, gas, and geothermal energy. However, the operational activities of freight transportation in Sumatra, particularly West Sumatra, still face several challenges stemming from the transportation system and environmental conditions. This research was conducted to explore the opportunities, challenges, strengths, and weaknesses of implementing a synchromodal transportation system in Sumatra as an analysis for its implementation. The study used the Synchromodality Framework and SWOT Analysis. Several transportation collaboration models have been developed, including unimodality, intermodality, multimodality, and synchromodality. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages and is applied based on the characteristics of the transportation system. Related studies have been conducted on multimodal transport, hub & spoke for regional transportation, and single-mode transport. The study concluded that the advantages of implementing a synchromodal transportation system in Sumatra include better utilization of available resources concerning real-time aspects, flexibility, collaboration and coordination, and synchronization. Its weaknesses are related to the need for collaboration networks among transportation operators from different business sectors. The opportunities for implementing synchromodal transportation in Sumatra include real-time aspects, flexibility, collaboration and coordination, synchronization, and commodity and regional factors. The challenges relate to the complexity of planning synchromodal transportation networks and routes, as well as the need for technological and information system support

Информационная система поддержки принятия решений при экоинвестиционном подходе к восстановлению природных экосистем, нарушенных в ходе освоения георесурсов

A conceptual approach to the restoration of natural ecosystems is to use the idea of adaptive systematic organization of ecosystems, since the driving force of evolution is the purposeful adaptation of ecosystems based on feedback, oriented towards increasing their viability and sustainability. The Mining Institute of the KSC of RAS has justified a methodology and developed a technology for restoring natural ecosystems disrupted during geo-resources development, in accordance with the principle of their self-organization, the creation of a biologically active environment. Formation of a biologically active environment as a result of establishing a seeded cereal phytocenosis without applying a fertile layer is the essence of an eco-investment approach, which consists in increasing the energy potential of the system-forming function of biota to increase the rate of restoration of natural ecosystems. A decision support information system has been developed for an eco-investment approach to restoring natural ecosystems disrupted during the development of geo-resources based on the principle of information unity of natural and technical systems, which allows us to consider natural ecosystems as information-driven, and environmental conditions as the controlling factors. The information system integrates a set of software data processing modules to monitor the dynamics of the natural ecosystems restoration at all the stages of the soil biological organization and implements the interaction of functional modules (databases, algorithms and data processing software, geoinformation components), linking them with unified information flows, which ensures the efficiency and quality of management decisions taken based on the ecoinvestment approach to restoration of the natural ecosystems disrupted during the development of geo-resources.

Artificial intelligence in pharmacogenetics: A narrative review of current and future applications

Pharmacogenetics aims to investigate the correlation between patient genetic characteristics and the efficacy of pharmaceutical agents, while concurrently evaluating the risks of adverse reactions. This field of research necessitates the application of complex statistical analysis methodologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities are increasingly being leveraged for such analyses. AI represents an advanced technology employed to automate the execution of tasks that traditionally demand substantial human intellectual effort. A review of scientific literature on the application of machine learning models in pharmacogenetic research has demonstrated that AI is a highly sophisticated and flexible tool capable of facilitating the widespread implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice. A promising area for the application of AI in pharmacogenetics involves the integration of this technology into tasks related to the analysis, detection, prediction, and support of pharmacogenetic information and decision-making systems. The utilization of deep learning technologies has the potential to expand the understanding of drug pharmacodynamics, indications, and contraindications, which may potentially lead to the updating of educational and methodological literature on pharmacology and substantially advance the quality of patient pharmacotherapy. However, the implementation of AI technologies may be hindered by factors such as a shortage of qualified personnel, ethical disagreements, and complexities in legal regulation of this domain. Nonetheless, the application of AI technologies in pharmacogenetic research demonstrates high effectiveness and expediency, despite the existing challenges.

Spatial Big Data and Analysis Strategies Supporting Geographic Information System for Transportation (GIS-T) in Conceptual Design, Modelling, and Decision-making: A Review

Abstract. Transportation is a key component in urban design for cities’ efficiency and residents’ life quality, and GIS has the capability of handling data management, model design, and scientific decision-making for transportation studies. This article reviews how spatial big data and analysis strategies help GIS-T studies from the phases of conceptual design, modelling, and decision-making. In this research, we firstly summarized categorizes of data objects and relevant information for real-world issues from transportation applications in the conceptual design phase. In the modelling phase, optimization strategies for transport planning and accessibility measures through network data were also summarized. Finally, we reviewed spatial analysis methods in supporting transport decision-making, and how spatial methods take advantage of geography features of transport variables in previous studies. Our research primarily focuses on geography research with transportation topics as applications, and this work can help transport experts to have a better understanding of GIS values for transportation modelling and planning.

Development of a Decision Support Information System for the Regulation of Consumer Goods in the Agricultural Sector

Development of a Decision Support Information System for the Regulation of Consumer Goods in the Agricultural Sector

How Are Weather and Climate Products and Decision Support Systems Used in Wildland Fire Decision-Making in the U.S. Southwest?

Abstract Wildland fire management is a challenging environment in which to utilize scientific information. Despite the robust information system that supports U.S. wildland fire management, recent studies demonstrate that some data/information products and decision support tools available to that community are not being used to their full potential. In the U.S. Southwest, the convergence of climate change, past wildland fire policy, and an expanding wildland–urban interface have increased pressure on wildland fire managers to use science-based information to improve management outcomes. This tension between the perceived need for more science in fire management and the practical challenges of using science to inform decisions led us to ask two basic questions: 1) How is information about weather and climate used in wildland fire management decision-making in the Southwest? 2) How are decision support tools used in Southwest wildland fire management? We found that relatively few sources of weather and climate information are consulted by Southwest wildland fire managers; a small percentage of those sources are used to inform the specific decisions and tasks we asked about; and decision support tools are commonly used to justify rather than inform decisions. We further found evidence that suggests that products and tools that are thoughtfully designed to fit within the specific information use environment of wildland fire management—rather than being produced in isolation from that environment—are more likely to be used and therefore have more impact than those that are produced in isolation from that environment. Significance Statement This study set out to understand how weather and climate information and decision support systems (DSSs) are perceived and used by the Southwest wildland fire management community. We found that the wildland fire community consults relatively few weather and climate products, even fewer are used to inform decisions, and that DSSs are frequently used to justify rather than inform decisions. We argue that the climate services community and other scientists who develop science-based tools and products for fire management will benefit from better understanding the information use environment in which their science may be used if they want to increase the utility of their work.

PECULIARITIES OF INFORMATION AND ANALYTICAL SUPPORT IN DECISION-MAKING WITHIN GOVERNMENT BODIES

The modern world is increasingly entering the era of an information society, where the role of information becomes ever more significant. Information is accumulating rapidly and in large volumes, so quickly that people struggle to process and thoroughly comprehend the incoming information flow, leading to an overall reduction in usable information. In order to process relevant data effectively in the context of professional or other activities today, it is no longer sufficient to rely solely on traditional administrative experience to make informed management decisions. It is essential to incorporate scientific knowledge, comprehensive awareness, analytical and forecasting skills, as well as socio-political responsibilities, with an appropriate recognition of these processes. This is particularly relevant for public administration bodies—both central and regional levels of executive state power—and increasingly for local government authorities, which are gaining more authority as part of the decentralization process. In Ukraine, in particular, the ideology and framework for interaction between the state and society are changing, with an increased use of decentralization mechanisms that delegate specific functions and powers from state bodies (to varying degrees) to the level of territorial communities and even to civil society. The purpose of this article is to define the peculiarities of information and analytical support in the decision-making process within government bodies. The article systematizes approaches to information and analytical support in public administration. It identifies the subjects and objects of the information and analytical support system in state management processes and specifies the goals of such support. It justifies the need to highlight the key elements of the information and analytical support system for public administration. The article also outlines the principles guiding information and analytical activities conducted by government and local authorities. Levels of information and analytical work are established, taking into account the temporal dimension. Furthermore, the article identifies issues with information and analytical support in government bodies in Ukraine and suggests ways to address these challenges.

Web search results processing in an information support system for decision-making processes

Objectives. The problem of the web search results processing in an information support system for decision[1]making is solved in order to create and correct a meaningful description of a problem situation. An approach to solving this problem is proposed based on the use of thematic text corpora (collections of texts on a specific topic) as knowledge about the subject area, as well as a knowledge representation model based on verbal associations. When solving problems of the web search results processing in a decision-making information support system, five main goals are pursued: the formation of an extended description of a problem situation, the synthesis of a search prescription, an Internet search for information about decisions made, the synthesis of a retelling of the information found, and an assessment of the quality of the found analogues of the decisions made.Methods. Methods of set theory, graph theory and mathematical linguistics are used.Results. A mathematical model has been developed for the web search results processing in an information support system for decision making. The concepts of verbal association of words and texts, as well as pragmatically complete lexical structure, are formalized. The proven properties of such structures provide algorithmization of information processes in the model under consideration.Conclusion. The approach to modeling is based on the formalization of the concepts of the informativeness of words, sentences, texts and the informativeness of verbal associations between them. As an implementation of the model proposed in the article, algorithms have been developed for creating a dictionary of pragmatically complete lexical structures, creating structural-lexical templates for sentences, texts and subject areas, synthesizing a brief retelling of the information found, and assessing the quality of the found analogues of the decisions made.

Accounting, Analytical and Information Support for Law Enforcement Activity in Conditions of Ensuring Economic Security in Public Administration

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop an effective model of accounting, analytical, and information support for law enforcement activities in ensuring economic security amidst strong turbulence in the external environment. Theoretical Framework: This research is anchored in the principles of economic security and law enforcement support systems. It utilizes the IDEF0 model as the primary theoretical framework to analyze and structure the accounting, analytical, and informational processes that underpin effective law enforcement in volatile conditions. Method: The research methodology employs the IDEF0 model to construct a comprehensive framework for the accounting, analytical, and information support systems specific to law enforcement activities. Results and Discussion: he study successfully resulted in a detailed decomposition of the IDEF0 model, highlighting innovative ways to bolster the accounting, analytical, and information support for law enforcement. These results are contextualized within the broader framework of maintaining economic security in turbulent environments, underscoring the adaptability and robustness of the proposed model. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are significant for policymakers and law enforcement agencies. The model provides a strategic foundation for enhancing economic security frameworks, which is crucial for adapting to and thriving in dynamic external conditions. Originality/Value: This study contributes original insights into the application of the IDEF0 model in a law enforcement context, particularly in scenarios characterized by significant economic turbulence.

An Industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT) Open Architecture for Information and Decision Support Systems in Scientific Field Campaigns.

Information and decision support systems are essential to conducting scientific field campaigns in the atmospheric sciences. However, their development is costly and time-consuming since each field campaign has its own research goals, which result in using a unique set of sensors and various analysis procedures. To reduce development costs, we present a software framework that is based on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and an implementation using well-established and newly developed open-source components. This framework architecture and these components allow developers to customize the software to a campaign's specific needs while keeping the coding to a minimum. The framework's applicability was tested in two scientific field campaigns that dealt with questions regarding air quality by developing specialized IIoT applications for each one. Each application provided the online monitoring of the acquired data and an intuitive interface for the scientific team to perform the analysis. The framework presented in this study is sufficiently robust and adaptable to meet the diverse requirements of field campaigns.

Analysis of Current Trends in the Dynamics of Material Damage from Emergencies in the Southern Federal District and Its Regions

The dialectic of the development of socio-economic objects includes the periodic occurrence in the process of such development of various emergency situations (emergencies), perceived by society as random phenomena with very severe economic consequences. Such a random nature makes it difficult to perceive them as specific processes, as well as their economic assessment, as well as the development of measures to prevent and reduce negative consequences. The article reflects a study on the use of statistical data to identify trends in the development of emergency situations and the severity of their economic consequences in the Southern Federal District of Russia. She presents the opportunities that open up for emergency management bodies and also makes outlines for the creation of a methodology for working with statistical data that could be used to create a special information and reference system for information support of the emergency management process. Such a process approach makes it possible to understand trends, give them an economic interpretation, as well as develop effective ways to prevent the occurrence and mitigate overcoming. So far, such scientific and information tools are not actively used in practice, although with their application it would be possible to have a complex, dynamically developing picture.

Conceptual Aspects of Accounting Transformation in the Context of the Imperatives of Sustainable Development

In the modern world, the tendency to increase the importance of the principles of sustainable development is becoming more and more stable. The growing public awareness of the need to achieve sustainable development goals causes increased pressure on businesses to disclose information about their impact on society and the environment. This circumstance increases the need for companies to be accountable and expand their accounting and analytical work. This contributes to the objective expansion of the tasks of the information and analytical support systems in companies, including the accounting system. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the increasing need for general accountability on the development of accounting systems, thus emphasizing the need to take into account the sustainable development of the company. This study considers accountability as one of the most important tasks of transparent business functioning as well as a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development goals. The article proves the thesis that accounting methods should be developed to form, summarize, and analyze information about initiatives, processes, and the use of resources to increase the sustainability of the company’s development and to meet the requirements of key stakeholder groups, including in the direction of the impact of business decisions on society and the environment.

Стратегічні пріоритети формування економічної безпеки і диджиталізації управлінської звітності для розвитку малих форм господарювання на сільських територіях

The article is dedicated to examining the fundamental strategic priorities for developing managerial reporting in the context of economic security for small-scale enterprises in rural areas, considering the growth of agribusinesses in Ukraine and worldwide. It has been demonstrated that integrating digitalization into managerial accounting significantly improves the efficiency of the information support system for agricultural enterprises. Approaches have been proposed to establish optimal managerial reporting for small-scale enterprises in rural areas. It is noted that implementing digital technologies in reporting dramatically enhances the transparency and accuracy of financial operations, allowing for the timely identification of financial risks and the prevention of undesirable losses, thereby maintaining the economic security of agribusiness enterprises. Small enterprises in rural areas, which are limited in resources and opportunities for obtaining credit or external investments, can. However, they leverage digitalized reporting systems to improve their financial reliability when collaborating with potential investors and creditors. Moreover, the digitalization of managerial reporting facilitates the optimization of management processes, allowing for more rational planning of the enterprise’s available resources. To this end, we analyzed data from a sheep farming enterprise. In calculating economic indicators in managerial reporting, a developed format for digitalized accounting and reporting information is presented for small-scale enterprises involved in sheep farming. The decrease in the number of sheep and the productivity of products (milk and wool) by 4% from the planned volumes relates to the low quality of fodder, which directly affected the economic results of the agrarian business enterprise. At the same time, the actual revenues of the enterprise turned out to be 4.2% lower than planned due to the fall in the wool market and a slight decrease in revenues from the sale of dairy products. The conclusion is drawn that further implementation of digitalization in accounting processes is advisable to reduce bookkeeping costs. It is substantiated that, in the context of globalization and the digital transformation of markets, the digitalization of accounting procedures is an integral element of the development of management systems, ensuring their adaptability to the challenges of the modern economy. Keywords: agrarian business, strategic priorities, economic development, small businesses, international business, rural areas, enterprise, digitalization, management reporting, economic security.

It's not just about the sun, it's about a living: Rural older farmers' experience of skin cancer risk and prevention.

To understand rural older farmers' perspectives and attitudes toward skin cancer risk and prevention. This study used a grounded theory approach and semi-structured interviews with 12 rural older farmers (farm owners, farmworkers ages 50 years or older) in Washington. Participants' perspectives were explored relative to Health Belief Model constructs. Inductive and deductive analyses were used to generate relevant themes. COREQ guidelines were followed. The findings fit well and extended the Health Belief Model, which was used to arrange key themes identified in relation to skin cancer risk and prevention, specifically participants' perceived barriers to accessing primary care and protection when outdoors, perceived benefits of sun-protective behaviors, perceived hereditary susceptibility to skin cancer, perceived severity of the increased skin cancer risk, and cues to action for skin checks. A new construct of hope was identified to emphasize the importance of establishing emotional, instrumental, and informational support systems for promoting skin cancer prevention. Participants also indicated their hope of raising awareness of skin cancer prevention among all ages. Findings highlighted the importance of integrating skin cancer prevention services for rural older farmers and across the lifespan. Public health approaches are needed to enhance the awareness of and access to preventive care in these underserved populations.

Signals of Transition in Support Systems: A Study of the use of Social Media Analytics in Crisis Management

In crisis informatics, little attention is placed on how transitions occur between periods of crisis and non-crisis. The analysis of transition behaviors in public organizations could help in understanding the duality between the need for continuity of services provided to the community, and the cyclical nature of risk and crisis management. This study uniquely highlights the transitions occurring when organizations need to stop day-to-day activities to focus on responding to a crisis while continuing to provide services to their communities. We focus on the use of social media analytics as a support system to study transitions and, with the objective to gain an insight into how sociotechnical systems navigate through periods of crisis and non-crisis, we leverage individual experiences of use of social media as a source of information in public service organizations and developers of social media analytics support tools. In doing so, we employed a process study approach, conducted semi-structured interviews, and used thematic analysis to trace patterns of transitions between crisis and non-crisis states. Furthermore, we formulate five signals that public organizations exhibit to illustrate and guide organizational transition behaviors. The main contribution of this study is the explanation and conceptualization of how transitions happen by framing social media as a support information system. In addition, we highlight the return to a new steady state, an overlooked area of organizational transitions and continuity. Our study will help streamline processes of continuity in organizations and inspires the design and improvement of current and future support systems. Future research could apply and extend our propositions to other support systems such as geospatial technologies, robots, and even artificial intelligence.

System of Cyclo-Long Time Information Support in the Field of Acoustics

System of Cyclo-Long Time Information Support in the Field of Acoustics

Digitalization as a guarantee of the right to environmental information

The article is devoted to the study of the legal framework for the use of information technologies as a component of the legal mechanism for realization of the right to environmental information. The author notes that in forming the legal framework for digitalization of environmental relations, the need to use digital technologies to create conditions for universal accessibility of environmental information and to raise environmental awareness is crucial. The author emphasizes that digitalization is at the same time a guarantee of the constitutional right of citizens to have access to information on the state of the environment. A systematic analysis of the legal provisions which form the basis for the digitalization of environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment and which serve as guarantors of the right to environmental information is carried out. The author emphasizes the need to improve the State system of environmental monitoring and information support of public administration. The article examines the service of recording the facts of environmental damage caused by emergencies, events, and armed aggression of the Russian Federation “EcoThreat”, which aims at recording the facts of environmental damage to the environment not only for prompt response, forecasting, management decision-making, reporting and planning regarding the recorded facts of environmental damage, as well as to ensure that citizens can exercise their rights in terms of free access to up-to-date information on recorded facts of damage to the environment as a result of emergencies, events, and armed aggression of the russian federation. It is summarized that the significant potential of digital technologies for social development is important for ensuring public access to the environmental sphere, expanding cooperation of civil society with public authorities and business, opening up new opportunities for the realization of environmental rights and meeting the environmental needs of citizens, and ensuring an improvement in the quality of the environment and the range of public services.

Care models for individuals with chronic multimorbidity: lessons for low- and middle-income countries

BackgroundPatients with multiple long-term conditions requires understanding the existing care models to address their complex and multifaceted health needs. However, current literature lacks a comprehensive overview of the essential components, impacts, challenges, and facilitators of these care models, prompting this scoping review.MethodsA scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline. Our search encompassed articles from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The World Health Organization’s health system framework was utilized to synthesis the findings. This framework comprises six building blocks (service delivery, health workforce, health information systems, access to essential medicines, financing, and leadership/governance) and eight key characteristics of good service delivery models (access, coverage, quality, safety, improved health, responsiveness, social and financial risk protection, and improved efficiency). Findings were synthesized qualitatively to identify components, impacts, barriers, and facilitators of care models.ResultsA care model represents various collective interventions in the healthcare delivery aimed at achieving desired outcomes. The names of these care models are derived from core activities or major responsibilities, involved healthcare teams, diseases conditions, eligible clients, purposes, and care settings. Notable care models include the Integrated, Collaborative, Integrated-Collaborative, Guided, Nurse-led, Geriatric, and Chronic care models, as well as All-inclusive Care Model for the Elderly, IMPACT clinic, and Geriatric Patient-Aligned Care Teams (GeriPACT). Other care models (include Care Management Plus, Value Stream Mapping, Preventive Home Visits, Transition Care, Self-Management, and Care Coordination) have supplemented the main ones. Care models improved quality of care (such as access, patient-centeredness, timeliness, safety, efficiency), cost of care, and quality of life for patients that were facilitated by presence of shared mission, system and function integration, availability of resources, and supportive tools.ConclusionsCare models were implemented for the purpose of enhancing quality of care, health outcomes, cost efficiency, and patient satisfaction by considering careful recruitment of eligible clients, appropriate selection of service delivery settings, and robust organizational arrangements involving leadership roles, healthcare teams, financial support, and health information systems. The distinct team compositions and their roles in service provision processes differentiate care models.