Supportive Force Research Articles

Piloting a co-created local and alternative food network involving professional buyers in Norway: Forces and tensions influencing viability

We can obtain knowledge about how sustainability transitions can take place through experimenting with niche-activities. An alternative food network (AFN) called Green Parallel was co-created through action research in an agri-food living lab and was piloted in 2019 and 2020. The purpose was to contribute to more organic produce in localized food systems and improve communication between producers and professional buyers (e.g. specialty stores, restaurants, chain retails, private and public canteens) in the Vestfold region in Norway. This paper analyses the occurring forces and tensions that support or hinder the viability of the AFN.The methods of data collection were interviews, reflection notes and participants’ notes from the participatory processes. We utilized perspectives from field theory and institutional economy to understand individual behaviors in relation to internal and external forces and tensions in a multi-level perspective (MLP).A strong supportive force was the initial motivation participants in Green Parallel had to collaborate. In addition, we identified seven forces and tensions affecting the viability of Green Parallel. These forces and tensions worked through complex interdependencies within individuals and actor types and across actor types, as well as across internal and external niche spans. The study can inform further development of organic and local agri-food systems.

Impact of the Children's Oncology Group's supportive care clinical practice guideline endorsement program: An institutional survey.

Supportive care clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) facilitate the incorporation of the best available evidence into pediatric cancer care. We aimed to assess the impact of the work of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) Supportive Care Guideline Task Force on institutional supportive care practices. An online survey was distributed to representatives at 209 COG sites to assess the awareness, use, and helpfulness of COG-endorsed supportive care CPGs. Availability of institutional policies regarding 13 topics addressed by current COG-endorsed CPGs was also assessed. Respondents described their institutional processes for developing supportive care policies. Representatives from 92 COG sites responded to the survey, and 78% (72/92) were "very aware" of the COG-endorsed supportive care CPGs. On average, sites had policies that addressed seven COG-endorsed supportive care CPG topics (median = 7, range: 0-12). Only 45% (41/92) of sites reported having institutional processes for developing supportive care policies. Of these, most (76%, 31/41) reported that the COG-endorsed CPGs have a medium or large impact on policy development. Compared with sites without processes for supportive care policy development, sites with established processes had policies on a greater number of topics aligned with current COG-endorsed CPG topics (mean=6.6, range: 0-12vs mean=7.9, range: 2-12; p=0.027). Most site respondents were aware of the COG-endorsed supportive care CPGs. Less than half of the COG sites represented in the survey have processes in place to implement supportive care policies. Improvement in local implementation is required to ensure that patients at COG sites receive evidence-based supportive care.

Influence of passive arm-support exoskeleton on static postural balance in load-holding tasks: effects of supportive force, weight and load location

This study systematically investigated the influence of a passive arm-support exoskeleton (ASE) on static postural balance in load-holding tasks under different weight conditions and load locations, and the relationship between such influence and the exoskeleton’s supportive force profile. Using a 3 (exoskeleton interventions) ×3 (weight conditions) ×3 (load locations) within-subjects design, the research found that wearing ASE with supportive force significantly reduced postural sway by 17.84% and 15.19% across all conditions compared to without wearing the exoskeleton and with deactivated support, respectively. These improvements were consistent with subjective assessments. The stability benefits varied with the weight and load location, reflecting the exoskeleton’s supportive force profile. Overall, the study suggests that the supportive force from the ASE can enhance static postural balance, with effectiveness dependent on weight conditions and load locations. This highlights the potential of passive ASEs for improving stability and reducing fall risks in work environments.

The Meaning of Hope for Polish Male Patients Dying from Cancer Depending on Their Age: An Interdisciplinary Study with the Use of Osgood's Semantic Differential Method.

Background/Objectives: The subject of this article is the reflection on hope-one of the most important predictors and motivators of human actions. Hope is our response to a threat, and it is also the emotion that allows us to overcome hopelessness and to reduce suffering. Hoping is a human capacity with varying cognitive, emotional, and functional dimensions. Psychological, pedagogical (particularly in the framework of special-needs pedagogy and thanatological pedagogy), and theological reflection on hope can be helpful for dying people. The objective of this study was to characterize hope in the semantic space of individuals in the terminal stage of cancer and to verify whether age is a variable that determines this hope. Methods: To complete the study, the Osgood semantic differential method was applied, as modified by Polish psychologist Dr. Boguslaw Block (the DSN-3 test). The research technique consisted of a therapeutic conversation. Results: Research results show that, in general, those in the terminal stage have positive associations with hope. In all three aspects of the used test, namely the cognitive, emotional, and functional aspects, the highest scores assigned to the perception of hope were obtained from men up to 35 years of age. Depending on the ages of patients, one could observe certain semantic shifts, but they did not prove to be statistically significant. Conclusions: Polish males surveyed at the end of life due to cancer generally perceived hope as a supportive force. Therefore, hope can provide emotional support to patients in the terminal stage of cancer and improve their quality of life.

A pszichoaktív szerhasználók állatokhoz fűződő viszonya

The purpose of the study is to present the wide-ranging relationship between psychoactive drug use and animal welfare based on a literature review. The relationship between drug users and animals is on the one hand under-researched, and on the other hand there are no developed protocols regarding the issue, even though the issue has significant human health and animal welfare effects. There is little awareness of how the positive health and psychological effects of animal keeping could be properly applied to the recovery of people suffering from addiction. There are encouraging initiatives, but there is a lack of a systemic approach to the issue from the side of academic life, professionals and the state, from the protocols, and from the training of people in the helping professions. In Hungary, both psychoactive drug consumption and animal keeping have a detailed and developed legal background, however, the mapping of their connections is still pending. While the literature focuses more on the aggressive actions that addicts may be prone to, practitioners tend to emphasize the supportive force that a companion animal can provide in recovery. In light of all of this, further studies on the subject are recommended, and it would be worthwhile to consider the systematic, more consistent and conscious integration of the use of animals at the legislative level and into some therapeutic protocols.

Experimental study on physical characteristics of dielectric-boosted gliding arc discharge

To augment the plasma processing capability, and obtain an enhanced plasma area, a dielectric-boosted gliding arc discharge (DBGAD) reactor was developed. The electrical, gliding arc motion and energy injection characteristics of the DBGAD reactor were investigated. The process of AC DBGAD includes breakdown gliding mode (B-G) and steady arc gliding mode (A-G), with peak currents on the order of amperes in B-G mode and on the order of milliamps in A-G mode. Situating a 50 mm quartz dielectric underneath the plasma area at a distance of 10 mm from the base of the blade electrodes, enhanced discharge power is obtained, and sustained arc gliding time is extended efficiently. At an input voltage of 9.2 kV, the DBGAD demonstrates a 27% increase in arc stabilization gliding time compared to the gliding arc discharge (GAD) and delivers an average discharge power 1.12 times superior to that of the GAD. In the DBGAD reactor, the plasma column twists following the minor vortex of the reflow and has a more pleated shape. The energy injection characteristics are analyzed using the fast Fourier transform system, and the results show that the current harmonic content of DBGAD is reduced and the discharge fluctuation is mitigated, which is favorable for stable discharge. The primary benefit of incorporating quartz dielectric is that it provides the mobile arc with a supportive force, leading to a more substantial and intensely focused plasma field. This in turn facilitates greater system stability and yields measurable enhancements in power output.

Evaluating the clinical effects of a dynamic shoulder orthosis.

Shoulder orthoses reduce the gravitational pull on the shoulder by providing an upward force to the arm, which can decrease shoulder pain caused by stress on the glenohumeral structures. In this interventional study, the clinical effects of a recently developed dynamic shoulder orthosis were assessed in 10 patients with chronic shoulder pain. The shoulder orthosis provides an upward force to the arm with 2 elastic bands. These bands are arranged to statically balance the arm, such that the supportive force is always directed toward the glenohumeral joint and shoulder movements are not impeded. Clinical effect study. The study population was provided with a dynamic shoulder orthosis for 2 weeks. In the week before the orthosis fitting, the participants had no intervention. The primary outcome measures were the mean shoulder pain scores before and during the intervention, and the distance between the humeral head and the acromion without and with orthosis. Ultrasound evaluation showed that the shoulder orthosis resulted in a reduction of the distance between the acromion and humeral head at different levels of arm support. In addition, it was demonstrated that the mean shoulder pain scores (range 0-10) decreased from 3.6 to 3 (in rest) and from 5.3 to 4.2 (during activities) after 2 weeks of orthosis use. In general, patients were satisfied with the weight, safety, ease in adjusting, and effectiveness of the orthosis. The results of this study show that the orthosis has the potential to reduce shoulder complaints in patients with chronic shoulder pain.

Value-Based Approach in Psychology

The article reveals the essence of the value-oriented approach in psychology, the methodology of its application in the practical work of a psychologist, as well as the need to form the position of a "student" at the client At present, when the whole world is experiencing a state of instability, the work of psychologists in society is more important than ever. The psychological community tries to find, synthesize methods and tools that will show high efficiency in working with clients and will have a long-term effect. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to the value-oriented approach (VOP) in psychology, which is the latest psychological direction that summarizes the achievements of psychological science and formulates universal principles of psychological practice. The VOP methodology represents a conceptually new approach to solving psychological problems. The psychological problem is seen not as a hindrance that needs to be addressed, but as a positive feedback from life. In the philosophy of this approach, life is seen as a sentient, supportive force for the existence of man, and man as a part of the whole associated with reality through many physical, mental and spiritual connections. In the case when a person violates harmony in relations with reality by his actions, he receives a signal about this in the form of various problematic circumstances and psychological difficulties. The work also uses the results of a study of the use of a VOP - approach among young people (100 people) aged 19 to 30 years. It seems to the authors of this article that the method of effective psychological assistance to people at the present time, which helps and teaches to cope with problems, is the method of value-oriented psychology. There is one wise popular statement: "If you want to feed a person - give him fish, and if you want him to be full all your life - teach him to fish."

The Effects of Pedestrian Environment on Ambulation with a Walking Frame in Elderly Individuals: A Survey and Experimental Study.

Understanding the effects of sloped roads in the pedestrian environment on the body during ambulation with a walking frame can help design friendlier living environments for elderly individuals. A survey of the characteristics of walking frames used in different pedestrian environments was investigated in five communities, and a controlled study of the effects of a sloped road on a subject with different walking frames was carried out as foundational research in the laboratory. A synchronous acquisition system consisting of a wireless motion capture module and a physiological information recording module was applied to collect data on the motion of the shoulder joint and skin conductance response (SCR) of fingers in one participant. Force data were collected from sensors placed on the four legs of the walking frame. The experimental data obtained during different tasks were quantitatively analyzed. Compared to flat ground, the shoulder joint rotated in the opposite direction in horizontal and internal/external planes when using a wheeled walking frame on an uphill road, and the supportive force decreased on both uphill and downhill roads. The range of motion of the shoulder joint reduced and the direction of the shoulder joint motion changed when using a footed walking frame on both uphill and downhill roads. Additionally, the peak value of the supportive force on the uphill road appeared in the first 50% of the gait cycle, which was earlier than in the other cases. In addition, walking on the uphill road with a walking frame had a maximum SCR value, which means a greater impact of psychological arousal. Biomechanics of the shoulder joint and psychological arousal are closely related to the ease of walking on a sloped road with a walking frame. These findings are beneficial for designing more appropriate environments for elderly individuals who walk with aids.

Lotus Seedpod-Inspired Crosslinking-Assembled Hydrogels Based on Gold Nanoclusters for Synergistic Osteosarcoma Multimode Imaging and Therapy.

Osteosarcoma is difficult to be resected through surgical operations without damage to the bone matrix, while chemotherapy and radiotherapy induce inevitable systemic injury. It is still a major challenge to develop a novel treatment suitable for the complex anatomical structure of the bone. Herein, inspired by lotus seedpods, injectable hydrogels with long-term retention for synergistic osteosarcoma treatment were developed. Gold nanoclusters (GNCs) with strong fluorescence (FL) and computed tomography (CT) imaging effects represented the lotus seeds. The oxidized hyaluronic acid (HA-ALD) chain resembled the stem. HA-ALD and GNCs form crosslinking-assembled hydrogels abbreviated as HG-CAHs through dynamic amide bonds. Compared with DNA-, pH-, and light-mediated assembly, this in situ method induces enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) ability, ensures high biocompatibility, and retains the imaging function of GNCs, which contribute to lighting up osteosarcoma persistently for further diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the HG-CAHs with outstanding mechanical properties are similar to the lotus seedpods with supportive force and a typical porous structure. They are favorable for the local pH- and near-infrared (NIR)-responsive release of doxorubicin (Dox) owing to the acidic osteosarcoma microenvironment and the Brownian movement. The HG-CAHs ablate osteosarcoma efficiently and reduce metabolic toxicity significantly, which will aid in the development of a new generation of osteosarcoma treatments.

Schematizing vulnerability perceptions and understanding of drought-prone Gamo lowland communities: an evidence from Southwest Ethiopia

Purpose The conceptual root of vulnerability dates back to the 1970s in the social science spheres. Vulnerability is a multi-dimensional and determinant precondition for disaster occurrence. The Gamo lowlands are exposed to a wide range of vulnerabilities. Therefore, this study aims to schematize community perceptions and understanding of vulnerability in drought-affected rural Gamo lowlands. Design/methodology/approach A community-based cross-sectional survey design and the mixed-methods research approach were executed. A four-staged multistage sampling was used to identify the respondent households. Into the four study sites, sample households were allocated proportionally by the lottery method. The survey data were gathered from 285 lowland households. The structured survey questionnaire, key informant interview, focus group discussion, and field observations, and transect walks were the tools used to collect the primary data. Data were analyzed deploying both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The Likert scale is used to analyze households’ vulnerability perceptions in which the item analysis approach was used for detailed analysis of the Likert-type items. Findings Locally, people perceive and understand vulnerability as exposure to drought hazard, rainfall inconsistency, the prevalence of human and animal diseases, livelihood insecurity, food shortfalls, poor income, lack of access to market, landholding and livestock ownership which are schematized by vulnerability perception pathways that delineate its extent. The findings also showed that the Gamo lowland inhabitants are unequally vulnerable as 96.5% of the studied households stated the differential idiosyncrasy of vulnerability. Old-aged, small-sized and female-headed households with no supportive force were found to be more vulnerable. Practical implications For better resilience, enhancing communities’ perceptions and understanding of vulnerability via continuous awareness creation by all the concerned stakeholders is recommended as the majority was lowly educated. It also yields input for policy debates and decision-making in the drought-prone lowland setup for building a resilient community. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is an original work pursued by using a household survey with empirical data sourced from drought-prone rural lowland communities.

Free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for the reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas

Objective: To explore the method and plausibility of using free rectus abdominis flap (FRAF) to reconstruct the major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinoma. Methods: From 2007 to 2018 at No. 980 Hospital of Joint Logistic Supportive Force of People's Liberation Army of China, 13 patients with advanced carcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including 11 males and 2 females, aged from 33 to 67 years, were treated with FRAF to repair the invasion of skull base, face and orbit. Based on adequate and meticulous preoperative evaluations on patients and tumors, complete resection of tumor bulks was performed. According to the sites, characters and extents of the defects, FRAF was introduced in different ways into reconstruction of major and complex defects in the craniofacial regions after resection of advanced sinonasal carcinomas, restoring the structure and contour of the craniofacial region. Results: Complete resection of tumors was achieved in all cases. For repairing the major and complex defects resulted from tumor ablation, FRAF graft was conducted in 13 patients with advanced sinonasal carcinomas. The recipient vessels were facial artery and vein in 9 cases, superficial temporal artery and vein in 4 cases. Vascular bridging with the external jugular vein was carried out in 2 cases who underwent submandibular neck dissections, in which facial artery and vein were used as recipient vessels. Free fibular flap was used along with FRAF in a case undergone bilateral maxillectomy. Pedicled galea capitis and periosteal flap were applied simultaneously in 3 cases with dura defects at the skullbase resulted from tumor resection. All flaps used in 13 cases survived uneventfully without major complications, with successful repair of defects, reconstruction of structures and restoration of contour of craniofacial regions. Conclusion: With adequate evaluation of resectability of tumors as well as nature and extent of defects after tumor removal, FRAF transplantation is an ideal method and strategy of choice for reconstructing the major and complex defects in craniofacial regions resulted from tumor ablation of advanced sinonasal carcinomas.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ON SUSTAINABLE MOUNTAIN TOURISM OF GEORGIA

Tourism has a range of impacts on mountain ecosystems, communities and economies. Many of these impacts are negative, but tourism may also generate positive impacts. They can become supportive force for maintaining peace, fostering pride and cultural traditions, creating local jobs, increasing visitor awareness of natural, cultural and historical values and assets. Local communities and businesses support the long-termsustainability of a tourism destination. A decrease in cultural diversity or authenticity and loss of local customs and traditions may bring the destination to the loss of the attractiveness to visitors seeking a unique cultural experience and attractiveness. In one of the mountain regions of Georgia – Svaneti - the economic benefits of tourism are channeled into the local economy of the region i.e. local community benefit from tourism activities and local businesses (accommodation, transport, food and beverages outlets, souvenirs and crafts etc.) contribute to the authentic nature of the particular mountain destination. Cross-cultural awareness, communication between visitors and local people raises the quality of visitor experience and the level of community understanding in support of tourism.

Supportive care for cancer patients: a survey of available settings and current practices in Belgium.

The increasing number of cancer diagnoses and deaths underlines the importance of supportive and palliative care. It is defined as "all the care and the support necessary for patients throughout their illness." To evaluate the current status of the supportive and palliative care organization in Belgium. The Belgian Society of Medical Oncology (BSMO) supportive care task force conducted an observational study by sending a 31-point questionnaire to medical doctors responsible for the supportive care units of university, public, or private hospitals in Belgium. Thirty centers completed the questionnaire, of which 12 were university hospitals. Inpatient supportive care units are available in more than 50% of the centers, whereas outpatient supportive care is less available in Brussels than in Flanders and Wallonia. Multidisciplinary teams or specific units dedicated exclusively to supportive care are represented less frequently in all 3 areas of Belgium. Intensive care units for cancer patients are even scarcer. In terms of research and teaching, active research is present in 10 (33%) centers. Of complementary and alternative medicine modalities available to cancer patients, mindfulness and massage are offered most frequently. Reference guidelines for various symptoms are widely used in Flanders and Brussels but less so in Wallonia. This is the first in-depth survey in Belgium that shows the limited availability of dedicated supportive care services throughout the country. This represents an unmet need for Belgian cancer patients. Within the BSMO supportive care task force, there is a great opportunity to expand services and develop active research in the area of supportive and palliative care.

An admittance-controlled wheeled mobile manipulator for mobility assistance: Human–robot interaction estimation and redundancy resolution for enhanced force exertion ability

In this paper, a novel robotic assistive system (RAS) for mobility assistance of elderly adults is developed based on admittance control with force exertion ability enhancement (FEAE) of a wheeled mobile manipulator (WMM). The RAS can provide supportive force in the vertical direction and be guided by the user with a limited horizontal plane ability. An admittance controller is adopted to realize compliant behaviour between the end-effector and the user, enabling different admittance performances in different directions without requiring the complex system dynamics. The end-effector force needed by the controller is estimated by employing a nonlinear disturbance observer, avoiding the need for pricey force/torque (F/T) sensor. Meanwhile, with consideration of the limited joint torque output, the FEAE approach is implemented in the null-space of the WMM, which can make the system exert more Cartesian force in a given direction with consideration of Cartesian stiffness requirement using the same joint torque limitation through kinematic reconfiguration. Thus, it improves the capability of the system in realizing the desired admittance requirement. The advantages and effectiveness of the proposed approach are experimentally demonstrated with a 4-wheel omnidirectional mobile manipulator.

A befogadó nemzeti támogatás logisztikai képességeit befolyásoló globális trendek

A NATO kollektív védelmi rendszerének egyik meghatározó eleme a befogadó nemzeti támogatás, mely katonai feladatainak legnagyobb részét a logisztikai rendszer látja el. A nemzeti és szövetségi szinten egyaránt felgyorsult haderőfejlesztés célja a hiteles, dinamikus, ellenállóképes és a jövő kihívásainak megfelelő, elrettentő és támogató erő kialakítása. Egy további, átfogó vizsgálat megalapozása érdekében jelen írásban arra keresi a választ a szerző, hogy melyek a befogadó nemzeti támogatás ka-tonai feladataihoz szükséges legfontosabb logisztikai képességek, mik a kialakításukat befolyásoló tényezők és hosszú távú trendek.

Jewish religious texts and the historical reality of the Temple

إن قضية بيت المقدس من أهم القضايا التي قامت عليها حروب وصراعات وسياسات دول؛ وتظهر لنا ثنائية الصراع من خلال وجود بناء حالي متمثلا في المسجد الأقصى، مع وجود نظرية أو أسطورة تقابله، تمثلت في معبد مقدس (هيكل سليمان) تتبانها بعض الفرق اليهودية المتطرفة، يسعى أصحابها إلى إثبات وجود تلك الأسطورة، فوجب دراسة الأسطورة من حيث نصوصها ومدى مصداقيتها، للوصول إلى حقائق يقبلها البحث العلمي المجرد، وتخضع للقوانين البحثية المقبولة. بمعنى يجب أن تكون الدارسة منهجية بتعاطي النظرية اليهودية المتطرفة، القائمة على الأخذ بالنصوص الدينية المؤسسة للنظرية السياسية داخل الكيان الصهيوني وخارجه؛ فوجب الخروج بتصور حقيقي لتلك النصوص الدينية، ومدى صحة انطباقها على الحقائق التاريخية؛ فهذه النظرية أو هذه الأسطورة هي محط نزاع بين الطوائف اليهودية نفسها، بين من يتبناها من الطوائف المتشددة والأحزاب السياسية في الكيان الصهيوني، ومَنْ يخالفها من الطوائف اليهودية الأخرى؛ ليقف اليمن المسيحي المتطرف كقوى ضغط مؤيدة على سياسات الدول في أمريكا وأروبا؛ وفي المقابل تقف وجهة نظر إسلامية تخالف تلك النظريات اليمينة المتطرفة، تقوم على نظرية يؤيدها بناء قائم على أرض الواقع -المسجد الأقصى- ويصدقها تاريخ حقيقي ووثائق قانونية وتاريخية ودينية؛ فوجب تفكيك وجهة النظر الصهيونية ودراستها من خلال هذا البحث، للوصول إلى تصورات ونتائج.

Predictive Optimization of Assistive Force in Admittance Control-Based Physical Interaction for Robotic Gait Assistance

In this letter, we introduce our approach to walking assistance for elderly adults through predictive optimization of gait assistive force. We focus on providing supportive interaction force to the user during walking with a robotic assistive device with an admittance controlled mobile base. Appropriate physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) could be beneficial in reducing the risk associated with immobility such as disuse syndrome by encouraging physical activities with proper assistance. We propose an optimization algorithm based on a model predictive control approach in order to provide desirable assistive forces according to the estimated user's state during walking. Using a simplified human gait model with a linear inverted pendulum, we formulate the optimization of the assistive forces as a linear quadratic programming problem that can be suitable for real-time pHRI. Numerical simulations and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our gait support strategy in achieving appropriate compliant interactions during walking, fall prevention, and suitable positioning for user companion.

Structural Design and Dynamic Characteristics of Overloaded Horizontal Servo Cylinder for Resisting Dynamic Partial Load

When an output curve force is applied to a horizontal servo cylinder with a heavy load, the piston rod bears a dynamic partial load based on the installation and load characteristics, which significantly affects the frequency response and control accuracy of the servo cylinder. Based on this partial load, increased friction can lead to cylinder bore scuffing, leakage, lack of output power, or even system failure. In this paper, a novel asymmetric static-pressure support structure is proposed based on the principle of hydrostatic support. The radial component force of a dynamic partial load is balanced by cooperation between the support oil cushion of the variable hydraulic pressure support structure, oil cushion of the supportive force, and the damper. Adaptive control of the servo cylinder piston rod, guide sleeve, and piston, as well as the cylinder oil film friction between lubricated surfaces is achieved. In this paper, theoretical design and analysis of the traditional hydrostatic bearing structure and novel structure are presented. A hydraulic dynamic shear scissor is used as a research target to derive a structural dynamic model. Comparative simulations are performed using Matlab Simulink. Additionally, flow field analysis of the novel structure is performed, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the proposed structure and system.

Cultural Immersion in Indonesia Through Pancasila: State Ideology

Indonesia's Pres ident Suharto has accented Pancasila, state ideology, as a sustaining and supportive force of harmony and cyclical time. The five principles of Pancasila are elaborated through education and nation-building programs and expanded in the daily lives of the Indonesian people. Westerners, striving for consonance and productive work relationships and results, can utilize Pancasila as a guideline. The effectiveness of Pancasila sterns from its reflection of indigenous values, making it the main contemporary factor in maintaining both the unity and diversity in Indonesia.