Support Ship Research Articles

The Analysis of Overflow Occurrences In Fuel Oil Purifiers At MV Dahlia Merah

A purifier is needed to maintain fuel quality and support ship engine performance. A purifier is a device that is a separator for oil from water and dirt based on its specific gravity. This research aims to determine the causes and impact of overflow on the fuel oil purifier. The data collection method used in this study is the observation method and discussion method with the crew or employees of PT. Kayu Lapis Indonesia as the ship owner, and literature study methods. This research uses a qualitative analysis method, namely by directly analyzing the problems in the fuel oil purifier. The research results concluded that the cause of overflow in the fuel oil purifier was due to a dirty bowl caused by a lack of cleaning and maintenance of the Main Cylinder, damage or wear to the Main Seal Ring and a dead end of the nozzle. The efforts made to overcome overflow in the fuel oil purifier are by blowing up manually, carrying out cleaning (overhaul) of the purifier bowl and walls, checking the fuel pressure entering the FO purifier, setting the temperature on the fuel heater, installing Play the Seal Ring correctly, maintain the nozzle and maintain the HFO purifier by the PMS & Instruction manual book.

A Digital Twin Infrastructure for NGC of ROV during Inspection

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) provide practical solutions for a wide range of activities in a particularly challenging domain, despite their dependence on support ships and operators. Recent advancements in AI, machine learning, predictive analytics, control theories, and sensor technologies offer opportunities to make ROVs (semi) autonomous in their operations and to remotely test and monitor their dynamics. This study moves towards that goal by formulating a complete navigation, guidance, and control (NGC) system for a six DoF BlueROV2, offering a solution to the current challenges in the field of marine robotics, particularly in the areas of power supply, communication, stability, operational autonomy, localization, and trajectory planning. The vehicle can operate (semi) autonomously, relying on a sensor acoustic USBL localization system, tethered communication with the surface vessel for power, and a line of sight (LOS) guidance system. This strategy transforms the path control problem into a heading control problem, aligning the vehicle’s movement with a dynamically calculated reference point along the desired path. The control system uses PID controllers implemented in the navigator flight controller board. Additionally, an infrastructure has been developed that synchronizes and communicates between the real ROV and its digital twin within the Unity environment. The digital twin acts as a visual representation of the ROV’s movements and considers hydrodynamic behaviors. This approach combines the physical properties of the ROV with the advanced simulation and analysis capabilities of its digital counterpart. All findings were validated at the Point Rouge port located in Marseille and at the port of Ancona. The NGC implemented has proven positive vehicle stability and trajectory tracking in time despite external interferences. Additionally, the digital part has proven to be a reliable infrastructure for a future bidirectional communication system.

SYNTHESIS MODEL FOR THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INLAND CARGO VESSELS TO OPERATE ON THE MAGDALENA RIVER

Inland waterways are presented both as a need and an opportunity for developing an intermodal transport system to boost Colombian economic growth. Riverine transportation as part of an intermodal system represents conveying a significant amount of cargo at a low cost and therefore reducing greenhouse gas emissions. To competitively include this cargo transportation alternative in an intermodal context, the development of effective container vessels is required. Most of the Colombian rivers present sedimentary, high flow, and low depth nature. Then, the design of riverine cargo vessels capable of navigating in shallow waters with less brake power requirements is needed. A synthesis model: an automatic and integrated design procedure, has been programmed to generate and evaluate feasible vessel dimensions at a conceptual design stage. Through systematic variations of the main dimensions, this procedure allows evaluating a design space in which the most effective concept-vessel solution is selected. At the end of this procedure, the main characteristics for container vessels in the Magdalena River at a conceptual design stage, are defined. Validation of the synthesis model with a riverine logistic support ship is provided.

Modeling of an underwater drilling platform for very near shore applications

The development of the blue economy involves the construction of marine infrastructures (harbors, marine wind farms, underwater data centers, etc.). All these activities require a geological investigation of the sea bottom. For nearshore and very near-shore applications the most common solution is represented by the adoption of fixed jack-up platforms; however, transportation and deployment of this kind of infrastructure are quite expensive and time-consuming. Also, the adoption of floating drilling technologies that are currently used for offshore applications is often difficult or impossible in shallow waters. In this work, an underwater drilling platform designed for near-shore applications is investigated. The proposed system is designed and optimized for rapid deployment in different operational conditions. This work is focused on the description of this innovative solution including simulation models that have been developed for this activity. Also, simulation models represent an original contribution because they are able to simulate complex interactions of the drilling pod with the surrounding water, with the support ship and with the excavated sea bottom.

A preliminary risk assessment on development the fuel gas supply system of a small LNG fueled fishing ship

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative marine fuel is attracting interest from a variety of parties in its use for large and small ships due to the role in improving climate change. However, a broader range of ships including in particular ferries, cargo and offshore support ships is operating with dual-fuel LNG engines. Compared to the conventional marine fuels, the use of LNG could offer an attractive alternative in the fishing industry for reducing exhaust gas emissions in the air in terms of NOx, SOx, CO2, and particle matter (PM), as well as possible economic benefits. In the context mentioned above, our research team has been developing a concept design for small LNG fueled fishing ships. A Hazard Identification (HAZID) study was carried out as one of the essential stages throughout the unique system development of the LNG fueled fishing ship. The HAZID study was done to gain a better understanding of the proposed idea and to identify the significant difficulties or risks that could jeopardize the unique fishing ship design's safety. For hazards with unacceptable risks or as low as reasonably possible (ALARP), additional course of actions and recommendations were discussed and proposed in the safety action register. The results of this study will help the naval architects to follow up the detailed system designs.

An interactive approach for the design of an Italian fast medical support ship as consequence of world emergency due to Sars2-Covid 19

In spring 2020 we faced a completely new type of world crisis due to the spread, all around the world, of a pandemic disease due to a new type of coronavirus. Basically all the countries in the world are having to deal with the need to offer medical aid to the people with symptoms, and the particular type of medical treatments is causing serious problems to the hospitals, basically blocking also or slowing the capability to assist other pathologies or diseases or needs. In all those situations what is basically needed is the capability to fulfill the request of: a quick help, the transport of materials for med aids, the transport of mechanized tools for police missions and/or support to populations. A ship capable to move quickly to a port to increase local hospital capacity could be an important help. Countries like the USA already have a large experience in hospital ships or support ships, in Italy a solution has been arranged converting a ferry into a hospital ship to support less dangerous causes or other needs. Starting from these considerations the authors have investigated the possibility to realize a refitting of an existing unit to realize a ship capable to give a partial assistance in those situations. Key of the project is the interactivity between re-design and use of an existing ship to obtain a result in short time. Examining the main characteristics suitable for a ship with this aim, the authors made a critical examination of the state of the art of the ships for support and assistance, considering the various available solutions, and then made a study of the customization of a ship summarizing all those aspects, with an operational speed of above 35 knots if required, with an interactive approach at new design between naval architecture and medical/support aspects.

Reimagining Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Charging Stations with Wave Energy

The vast capabilities of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs)—such as in assisting scientific research, conducting military tasks, and repairing oil pipelines—are limited by high operating costs and the relative inaccessibility of power in the open ocean. Wave powered AUV charging stations may address these issues. With projected increases in usage of AUVs globally in the next five years, AUV charging stations can enable less expensive and longer AUV missions. This paper summarizes the design process and investigates the feasibility of a wave powered, mobile AUV charging station, including the choice of a wave energy converter and AUV docking station as well as the ability to integrate the charging station with an autonomous surface vehicle. The charging station proposed in this paper meets many different commercial, scientific, and defense needs, including continuous power availability, data transmission capabilities, and mobility. It will be positioned as a hub for AUV operations, enabling missions to run autonomously with no support ship. The potential market for this design is very promising, with an estimated $1.64 million market size just for AUV technologies by 2025.

Application Research of Tethered UAV Platform in Marine Emergency Communication Network

In order to meet the needs of emergency communication for major emergency disaster rescue, a wireless emergency communication relay system based on tethered UAV platform is studied. From the perspective of practical application, the characteristics and network coverage of the emergency communication system are analyzed. The mooring UAV platform is equipped with various communication loads such as MESH(wireless grid network communication), 4G-LTE( Long term evolution fourth generation mobile communication) base station, AIS (Automatic Identification System) and so on, which are kept on the communication support ship. When the communication support ship enters the scene of maritime emergencies, the tethered UAV platform lifts off ,stays for a long time and realizes the relay communication service of various carriers within a radius of tens of kilometers through its various communication payloads, which provides key communication support for the Marine emergency communication network. The actual field test of the prototype system shows that the data transmission is stable and reliable, and the short message transmission is normal, which can meet the emergency communication demand of disaster rescue.

TIME ACCELERATION ANALYSIS AND OPTIMAL COST OF HOSPITAL HOSPITAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ON SHIP BUILDING USING CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CASE STUDY: PT. PAL INDONESIA (PERSERO))

Hospital Auxiliary Ship is an Indonesian Navy ship produced by PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero). The construction of this BRS ship was very time consuming and one of the main parts of the ship building project was the construction of the hull structure. In relation to time and production costs, the shipyard must be as efficient as possible in the use of time in each activity or activity, so that costs can be minimized from the original plan. Acceleration of the total duration in a project is done by accelerating critical activities in the project. To find out which are the critical activities of a project, the Critical Path Method (CPM) technique is used; namely by drawing a Network Diagram of the project. By using the CPM method in scheduling a ship hull construction project, it can be seen which activities should take precedence so as not to experience delays and waste. After that, the crashing method is carried out by increasing work hours (overtime) which aims to speed up the time of the project. The results of research for activities that are in the initial critical path with the CPM method can be seen as activities A, C, H, M, R, W, AB, AC, AD, AI, AP, AT, BA, BJ, BN. After accelerating, the critical path activities include activities A, C, H, M, R, W, X, AC, AD, AI, AP, AT, BA, BH, BO. Calculation of the project during initial conditions with Early working days without using overtime hours PT PAL Indonesia (Persero) costs Rp. 5,299,631,000, - while the Crashing Method is through the addition of 1 hour / day overtime so that the project implementation can be accelerated from the initial implementation of 450 days to 412 days and PT. PAL Indonesia (Persero) issued a project cost of Rp. 5,323,752,480, -.
 
 Keywords: Hospital Support Ship, Scheduling, CPM, Crashing.

Trip Planning Support Ship Mockup Design: A Case Study of Pioneer Ship Services in the Maluku Islands

The process of mobilizing passengers and goods on more than five hundred islands in Maluku Province uses pioneer shipping where the route is regulated by the government to serve areas that are not reached by modern commercial ships, including: outermost, remote, border, and disadvantaged areas. The condition in which one port serves ten islands makes the impact of information availability very large, it was known in previous research by Kelwulan, 2019 [5]. Explain that the impact of information uncertainty causes additional costs that are 2-3 times the cost of transportation itself. This research was conducted to analyze and design support for the planning of pioneering ships. ITS Architecture or also known as Telematics Architecture is an intelligent transportation system where one of its basic objectives is information management by utilizing information and communication technology as a tool for making transportation systems that can manage data from pioneering shipping.

Canada’s Arctic Offshore and Patrol Ships (AOPS): Their history and purpose

In 2020 the first Canadian Arctic and Offshore Patrol ship joined the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), the first of six such vessels being built to sustain RCN operations in the country’s Arctic Archipelago. These ships were announced by Prime Minister Stephen Harper in 2007 and, since then, have been the subject of considerable debate. Unlike anything designed for the Navy before, the ships fit awkwardly into traditional warfighting, provision, patrol, or icebreaking roles, with the result being criticism of their speed, range, and armament – culminating in widespread disagreement over their purpose and utility. This disagreement stemmed in part from uncertainty over what Arctic maritime security really looked like, and what an appropriate response might be. From armed-icebreakers to whole-of-government support ships, the AOPS evolved in lockstep with Canada’s developing Arctic policy and the military’s understanding of its role in the North. Thirteen years on from the government’s official announcement of their construction, and with the first ship finally delivered, it is easier to look back at the AOPS development and the evolution of the Arctic security dynamic underpinning it. This article is a close examination of that programme: its origins and purpose and the capabilities that the ships now provide.

Benchmarking Study of West Africa’s Offshore Support Ship Building and Repair Capability

Benchmarking Study of West Africa’s Offshore Support Ship Building and Repair Capability

Особенности проектирования ледокольных судов обеспечения проекта IBSV01 с ледокольным классом Icebreaker8

Особенности проектирования ледокольных судов обеспечения проекта IBSV01 с ледокольным классом Icebreaker8

해군 함정 승조원 수 예측 모형에 관한 연구

The low birthrate and the need for national defense reform in Korea drive the Navy to develop efficient human resource planning such as a manpower forecasting model. However, to our knowledge, there is no study exploring the manpower forecasting model for naval ships in Korea. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model for forecasting manpower demand in naval ships. Data for analyses were drawn from 19 ships in the Korean Navy. Results indicate that mission type is significantly related to the number of manpower. Specifically, battleships need the more manpower than the battle support ships. The results also showed that the weight of hull structure-engine and the weight of the weapons system significantly increased the number of manpower. However, the weight of the combat system was not significant. In addition, whereas the automation level of hull structure-engine and the automation level of weapon system was found to be negatively related to the number of manpower, the automation level of combat system was positively related to it. The model developed here contributes to an advanced human resource planning of the Korean Navy. Implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Denmark: happy to fight, will travel

Abstract Over the past thirty years Denmark has become a capable and willing expeditionary ally, not least on account of an accelerated investment in new forces in the early to mid-2000s. With the 2005–2009 defence agreement the Danish Army scrapped its concept of conscripted mobilization and fully committed to deployable capacities; the navy became a ‘blue water’ navy given the commitment to build two combat support ships and three frigates and to scrap the submarine force; and the air force fully focused its organization on specialized and deployable ‘wings’. The literature suggests that external threats and technological innovation are key drivers of military change, which in broad strokes helps us understand Danish change—but not in full. As a small state, Denmark has been particularly attuned to the threat of abandonment by its NATO allies and the concomitant but rival desire to pay as little for defence as possible. NATO standing and money are thus the critical drivers of Danish military change and we are able to show how they have shaped three successive waves of military reform, beginning piecemeal in the 1990s and then continuing with deeper waves of reform in 2001 and 2014. Civil–military relations have throughout been quite solid and enabled change, which has to do with the political priority of securing Denmark's standing in NATO with as little money as possible, leaving it to the military services to figure out how to shape the toolkit.

The Multi-Role Support Ship for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief Operations

The paper examines the contemporary multi-role platform as an increasingly sought-after national capability and discusses how this ship-type, if designed and outfitted appropriately, can provide a range of capabilities to address the constantly evolving nature of naval doctrine and maritime operations. The motivations that drive acquisition decision makers to consider this type of capability are examined, namely: operational flexibility, doctrinal relevance and affordability. An examination of the pitfalls of acquiring a multi-role platform is also presented and discussed. An overview of how modern design techniques can be applied to ensure the ship owner is provided a range of options that are easily tailored to their unique combination of requirements follows. The paper concludes by presenting a typical modern multi-role vessel within the context of a humanitarian assistance and disaster relief scenario to illustrate the utility of these vessels as an effective response capability in a non-combatant role.

Underwater Robots: From Remotely Operated Vehicles to Intervention-Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) revolutionized the subsea industry when they were introduced in the 1960s. They were more powerful and inherently safer, and they could go deeper than divers. However, they require a tether and a support ship, which makes their use complex and expensive. Autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) have long been seen as a game changer in the exploration and exploitation of the marine environment. Repeated access to remote and hazardous places for data gathering and intervention, enabled by their autonomy, is the key to their adoption. While historically the focus has been on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have recently been developed and adopted at an increasing rate. Interestingly, whereas AMVs (AUVs and USVs) have now been adopted in niche areas (bathymetric surveys and mine countermeasures), they have not yet hit the mainstream. In this article, we review the state of the art in unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), which include ROVs and AUVs; current obstacles to their adoption, both technical and commercial; and recent advances in technology. We also present an outlook on the future of these systems.

Securing the Maritime Silk Road in South Asia and the Indian Ocean

Securing the Maritime Silk Road in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Nilanthi Samaranayake (bio) For roughly fifteen years, China's commercial and military activities in South Asia and the wider Indian Ocean have caused increasing concern about its intentions in the region. China specialists have examined the country's energy interests and naval planning along its sea lines of communication.1 The proliferation of commercial infrastructure projects now branded under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has heightened these concerns about China's presence in the Indian Ocean region. Prominent infrastructure efforts include port development in Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar, while lower-profile efforts include tunnel and bridge construction in Bangladesh and Maldives. These developments have raised questions about how China is attempting to secure the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR)—the waterway "road" component of BRI—in South Asia and across the Indian Ocean region more broadly. Because Pakistan will be examined by another essay in this roundtable and the China-Pakistan relationship is long-standing and predates BRI activities, this essay focuses on what China's activities look like elsewhere in maritime South Asia and out to critical Indian Ocean chokepoints. Despite notable changes in the country's presence in the Indian Ocean over the last decade, to what extent is China securing its commercial interests using naval and maritime forces? If it indeed aims to do this in a comprehensive way, then the results are modest at present. The first section of this essay examines the evidence that China is working to secure its interests in the region. The next section describes challenges to China's efforts to do so and the galvanizing effects of its activities thus far. The essay will conclude by emphasizing the importance of monitoring potential indicators of a substantive shift in the Indian Ocean and South Asian order, [End Page 21] despite the limited scope of China's activities to secure the MSR to date, and by considering the implications for U.S. interests in the region. Is China Securing the MSR? The clearest examples of China acting to secure the MSR are the counterpiracy and noncombatant evacuation operations (NEOs) conducted by the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy and the establishment of a base in the far fringes of the Indian Ocean at the chokepoint in Djibouti. Since 2008, Beijing has sent a PLA Navy task force to the Gulf of Aden. Originating out of UN resolutions to combat piracy,2 China's military vessels have transited the Indian Ocean for the past decade, providing escort activity that aims to secure the safe passage of shipping, including for Chinese commercial vessels. China has used this mission to justify the deployment of submarines. These were clearly not in support of counterpiracy but instead appeared to be aimed at gaining operational experience far from home for this platform.3 As Admiral (ret.) Michael McDevitt observes, at any given time the PLA Navy has four to five surface ships and two support ships transiting the Indian Ocean, plus occasionally a submarine.4 India's chief of naval staff Admiral Sunil Lanba estimates a similar number (six to eight ships).5 Second, China conducted NEOs in response to domestic instability in Libya in 2011 and Yemen in 2015. In total, roughly 35,000 Chinese nationals were evacuated from Libya using Chinese civilian and military aircraft and ships,6 and nearly 1,000 Chinese and foreign nationals were evacuated from Yemen.7 Through such operations, China secured an important MSR asset—its citizens working in these countries. [End Page 22] Third, China established a military base in Djibouti in 2017. Although China had stated for decades that it had no intention of developing overseas bases, its counterpiracy operations as well as NEOs pointed to the potential benefits of having logistical support in place.8 The base leverages Djibouti's location at the Bab el-Mandeb Strait chokepoint, where the Red Sea meets the Gulf of Aden. China's presence at this far corner of the Indian Ocean shows the expanse of its operational reach across the region. Challenges to China Securing the MSR Through conducting counterpiracy operations and NEOs and establishing a base...

Terrain‐aided navigation for long‐endurance and deep‐rated autonomous underwater vehicles

AbstractTerrain‐aided navigation (TAN) is a localisation method which uses bathymetric measurements for bounding the growth in inertial navigation error. The minimisation of navigation errors is of particular importance for long‐endurance autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). This type of AUV requires simple and effective on‐board navigation solutions to undertake long‐range missions, operating for months rather than hours or days, without reliance on external support systems. Consequently, a suitable navigation solution has to fulfil two main requirements: (a) bounding the navigation error, and (b) conforming to energy constraints and conserving on‐board power. This study proposes a low‐complexity particle filter‐based TAN algorithm for Autosub Long Range, a long‐endurance deep‐rated AUV. This is a light and tractable filter that can be implemented on‐board in real time. The potential of the algorithm is investigated by evaluating its performance using field data from three deep (up to 3,700 m) and long‐range (up to 195 km in 77 hr) missions performed in the Southern Ocean during April 2017. The results obtained using TAN are compared to on‐board estimates, computed via dead reckoning, and ultrashort baseline (USBL) measurements, treated as baseline locations, sporadically recorded by a support ship. Results obtained through postprocessing demonstrate that TAN has the potential to prolong underwater missions to a range of hundreds of kilometres without the need for intermittent surfacing to obtain global positioning system fixes. During each of the missions, the system performed 20 Monte Carlo runs. Throughout each run, the algorithm maintained convergence and bounded error, with high estimation repeatability achieved between all runs, despite the limited suite of localisation sensors.

Using a peer led researcher model to connect with vulnerable communities around health

Introduction: Many humanitarian refugees are resettled in Australia experience barriers to accessing health services due to cultural and linguistic as well as complex health presentations including torture and trauma. There has been little research undertaken into the experience of people from refugee backgrounds and their usage of health services. Prior research suggests that there is poor service knowledge, distrust of services and social and cultural factors which prevent access to health care. There is a need to tap into the lived experience of people from refugee backgrounds to enable their voices to inform the development of appropriate health care. Methods: Research was conducted using an innovative model of accessing the voices people from refugee backgrounds. The peer research model assisted researchers to identify their health needs with a specific focus on the barriers and enablers to accessing effective primary health care. Three qualitative projects were undertaken in Brisbane, Australia. Two were formal research studies and the third involved extensive community consultation. All investigations used the peer researcher model. Researchers were recruited from the refugee communities. Key to the methodology was the inclusion of a training program (including research methods and principles delivered over 10 weeks) and ongoing support and mentor ship throughout the projects. In the first project, five peer researchers documented the experience of refugee families who had recently arrived in Australia. The second project involved three young adults from refugee backgrounds who documented the experiences of young people from their communities. Ethics approval was granted for these research projects. The third project involved extensive community consultations with women from refugee backgrounds. Results: People arriving in Australia from refugee backgrounds expressed considerable confusion with the complexity of the health system. Cultural issues impeded health consultations. Efforts to build trust often misfired or were misconstrued. Racism was commonly reported. The building of trust between refugee communities and health providers and enhancing health literacy were identified as essential elements for a successful model of care. Discussion: This peer led research is a novel strategy that gave voice to the lived experience of many refugee communities. Enhancing the research capacity within the refugee communities, has also enabled genuine community engagement with the health providers, offering opportunities to enhance community capacity, improve health literacy and build trust with a focus on improving health outcomes. The peer researchers played a critical role not only in providing a conduit for the voices of the community to be heard in health service development. They were also engaged to play a role in training clinicians about patient needs, effective patient care, and clinical policies and practices. Conclusion: Partners remains committed to embedding a system of engaging with vulnerable and hard to reach communities. Funding to date to employ refugee heath leaders has been sourced from various philanthropic sources. Much has been learnt about how to manage and nurture a community engagement strategy that relies of accessing that community through individuals who share the same histories and experiences of the community they represent.