Support Scale Research Articles

The impact of work-family conflict on occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China: a moderated mediation model.

Endoscopy nurses in China face significant work-family conflicts, where the clash between high work demands and family responsibilities markedly increases the risk of occupational fatigue. This not only affects the nurses' physical and mental health and overall well-being, but also poses a threat to the quality of care and patient safety. This study, grounded in the Conservation of Resources theory, constructs a moderated mediation model to examine the mediating role of positive coping style in the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China, as well as the moderating effect of perceived social support. A convenience sampling method was employed to select 315 endoscopy nurses from 25 tertiary hospitals across 14 provinces in China. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the Fatigue Assessment Instrument, the Work-Family Conflict Scale, the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. The moderated mediation model was validated using Stata16.0. Our findings reveal that work-family conflict is a significant predictor of occupational fatigue, with a negative impact on positive coping style. Positive coping style, in turn, is negatively associated with occupational fatigue. Furthermore, positive coping style partially mediates the relationship between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue, accounting for 35.52% of the total effect. Additionally, perceived social support mitigates the negative effects of work-family conflict on positive coping style and occupational fatigue. There exists a moderated mediation effect between work-family conflict and occupational fatigue among endoscopy nurses in China, wherein positive coping style serve as a mediating variable. Perceived social support mitigates the negative impact of work-family conflict on positive coping style, while enhancing the alleviating effect of positive coping style on occupational fatigue. Therefore, improving endoscopy nurses' levels of perceived social support and coping strategies may help to prevent and alleviate the occurrence of occupational fatigue.

Prevalence and associated factors of suicide-related behaviors in Iranian students: a large sample cross-sectional study

BackgroundAdmission to the university changes life conditions and thereby increases mental pressure. If the students cannot bear the psychological pressure of being a student, that may lead to suicide among the vulnerable persons. Therefore, in this research, we would like to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of suicide-related behaviors in Iranian students.MethodsThis online, cross-sectional survey was performed from March 18 to April 15, 2023, in Iran. The questionnaires were completed by 2181 students. In this study, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) were used. Finally, we identified the factors associated with suicide-related behaviors using univariate and multiple regression.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal behaviors in students was 57.95%. According to the results, male gender, marriage, having meaning in life, occasional smoking, sleeping after 1 a.m., and having social support were associated with a reduced risk of suicide. In addition, a history of sexual abuse, more anxiety, and higher perceived stress were associated with an increased risk of suicide.ConclusionsThe prevalence of suicide-related behaviors in Iranian students was higher than expected. Urgent interventions should be considered to prevent students from committing suicide. Helping students find meaning in life, as well as eliminating the causes of students’ anxiety and stress, may be effective in this respect. Additionally, teaching students how to control anxiety and stress may be helpful.

Construction and Validation of Academic Support Scale in Middle School (ASSMS)

Research on social support in China has been relatively comprehensive as psychological development cannot be separated from the social environment. Family, teachers, and friends are the main sources of social support for middle school students. If we can fully utilize the academic support provided by families, teachers, and classmates in daily life, improve students’ personal efficacy, stimulate their learning motivation and desire, and provide corresponding emotional, resource, behavioral, and willingness support for middle school students, it will help them better enhance their learning adaptability, increase their investment in learning, and then improve their learning consciousness, ultimately promoting the enhancement of academic achievement and the development of their abilities. Therefore, based on the existing scales of social support and academic support, this study determined the academic support scale for middle school students, exploring the source of academic support from four dimensions: willingness support, resource support, emotional support, and behavioral support. Based on a literature review and questionnaire, a formal scale was formed to measure the academic support of middle school students. In total, 762 students from two middle schools in Shijiazhuang and Hengshui were selected as subjects for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale was composed of four factors: willingness support, resource support, emotional support, and behavioral support, with a cumulative contribution rate of 54.15%. The factor loadings of the items ranged from 0.423 to 0.783. The indicators obtained by confirmatory factor analysis were χ2/df of 2.98, RMSEA of 0.072, GFI of 0.841, IFI of 0.902, TLI of 0.891, and CFI of 0.901. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.955, the Spearman–Brown coefficient was 0.939, and the correlation coefficients between each dimension and the total scale were 0.892–0.945. The results show that the reliability and validity of the scale are within the acceptable range, in line with the standards of measurement, and can be used as a tool to measure the academic support of middle school students. This measurement can be used to evaluate the multidimensional academic support systems in middle schools and inform the development of targeted interventions to promote student success and well-being.

Relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and fear of progression in stroke patients: the mediating role of perceived social support and coping styles.

Fear of progression (FoP) among stroke patients is closely associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), perceived social support, and coping styles. However, there is still limited research on the mechanism of interaction among these four factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of coping styles and perceived social support in the relationship between FoP and PTSD among stroke patients. The study included 240 stroke patients and utilized a cross-sectional design. Data was collected using a general data questionnaire, the Fear of Progression-Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Check-list-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating relationship between PSSS and MCMQ between FoP and PTSD. A total of 112 (46.7%) patients exhibited mental dysfunction with FoP scores ≥34, and 89 (37.1%) patients presented with a PTSD score of at least 38had certain PTSD symptoms. FoP was negatively correlated with PSSS and facing coping styles, and positively correlated with PTSD and yielding coping styles. PSSS, facing coping styles, and yielding coping styles partially mediated the relationship between FoP and PTSD, accounting for 42.69% of the total effect. PTSD can impact FoP directly or indirectly through perceived social support, confrontation, and submissive coping styles. Therefore, it is important to urge patients to reasonably use social support and coping styles to increase well-being, and strive to mitigate the ongoing impact of PTSD symptoms, and reduce the risk of FoP.

Flourishing Pada Mahasiswa Yang Mengikuti Organisasi Kemahasiswaan Ditinjau Dari Spiritualitas Dan Dukungan Sosial

Flourishing is an important construct for students to have, because it has a positive impact or influence on them. These impacts include the good influence of flourishing on academic achievement and improving student performance. This research aims to determine the relationship between spirituality and social support and the flourishing of students who join student organizations. This research uses a correlational quantitative approach with 92 students as respondents who are currently actively participating in student organizations. The instruments used in this research were the flourishing scale (α = 0.832), the spirituality scale (α = 0.936) and the social support scale (α = 0.900). The data collection technique uses non-probability sampling techniques, especially purposive sampling techniques. In analyzing the data, researchers used multiple linear regression test techniques. The research results show that there is a relationship between spirituality and social support and the flourishing of students who join student organizations.

Structural equation modeling analysis of factors influencing decisional conflict between dialysis modality among end-stage kidney disease patients in Wuhan

ObjectivesTo explore the influencing factors and relationships associated with decisional conflict of dialysis modality in End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients.MethodsThis study was a survey-based cross-sectional investigation conducted on 150 ESKD patients in a third-class hospital in Wuhan. The general information questionnaire, decisional conflict scale, Montreal cognitive assessment, frail scale, perceived social support scale, and brief health literacy screen were used for investigation. SPSS 25.0 was used to compare the differences between the decisional and non-decisional conflict groups, and AMOS 23.0 was used to construct a structural equation model to explore the influencing factors.ResultsThe incidence of decisional conflict in 150 ESKD patients was 33.3% (50/150). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for decisional conflict of dialysis modality in ESKD patients included monthly household income (OR = 0.184), cognitive function (OR = 7.0), social support (OR = 0.891), health literacy (OR = 0.608), the level of eGFR (OR = 1.488), and the level of cTnI (OR = 9.558). The constructed path analysis model had a good fit (x2/df = 1.499, GFI = 0.957, AGFI = 0.911, NFI = 0.906, CFI = 0.967, RMSEA = 0.055). The path analysis showed that health literacy (0.577) had the greatest impact on the decisional conflict, with a direct effect of 0.480 and an indirect effect of 0.097 through cognitive function and monthly household income. Next was social support, with an effect value of 0.434.ConclusionsIn clinical practice, it is important to enhance the health literacy of patients and their families and to provide advanced education on dialysis plans. Additionally, in managing and planning chronic kidney disease progression and dialysis, it is recommended to regularly and systematically assess cognitive function, particularly before the patient’s cognitive impairment worsens or the severity of the disease progresses. Advanced care planning can be established through collaboration between healthcare professionals and patients to ensure appropriate decision-making and management.Implications for the profession and patient careThis paper finds that the factors that influence and relate to dialysis methods in end-stage renal disease patients help nurses exercise autonomy better, assist patients in reducing their decisional conflict, and improve clinical outcomes.Patient or public contributionPatients received a relevant questionnaire survey, and caregivers assisted in conducting the study.

Stressors and suicidal ideation in low-income adults in Malaysia: A serial mediation analysis of social support and mental health symptoms.

Studies have documented a heightened risk of suicidal ideation in response to stressors, especially among people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. However, the mechanisms of this association remain elusive. Drawing on the social deterioration and counteractive models, this study aims to elucidate the pathways linking stressors to suicidal ideation through serial mediation of social support and mental health symptoms in Malaysia. Data were collected from 404 low-income adults (33.2% male and 66.8% female) receiving monthly financial assistance from Malaysia's social welfare department. We employed stressor measures (i.e. financial, family and work), the Oslo Social Support Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised. A total of 46.8% of participants reported mild-to-severe anxiety and depressive symptoms, with 11.1% classified as high risk for suicide. Direct and indirect effects were found. After controlling for age and gender, social support and mental health symptoms mediated the link between stressors and suicidal ideation. The serial mediation analysis indicates that stressors are connected to heightened suicidal ideation through a sequence involving insufficient social support, followed by elevated levels of mental health symptoms. Understanding the multifaceted relationships among stressors, social support, mental health symptoms and suicide ideation expands the potential for developing targeted interventions and preventive strategies tailored for vulnerable populations. Clinical work with low-income individuals may include implementing early systematic efforts to develop accessible mental health and integrated care services.

Status and influencing factors of nurses’ organizational silence in general hospitals in eastern coastal cities of China

AIMSThis study investigated the status and influencing factors of organizational silence among 624 nurses in general hospitals in eastern coastal cities of China.MethodsThis study followed STROBE guidelines. During the period from January to April 2024, the researchers investigated 624 clinical in-service nurses in terms of general information, employee silence behavior, work engagement, and peer support, and analyzed the related factors affecting nurses’ organizational silence.ResultsThe total average score of nurses’ organizational silence was (33.88 ± 6.88), and the total score of work engagement was (69.23 ± 10.76); The total score of the colleague support scale was (90.02 ± 13.72), which was at the medium level. Univariate analysis showed that the scores of organizational silence of 610 nurses had statistical differences in departments, employment methods and professional titles (P < 0.05); Pearson correlation analysis showed that nurses’ work engagement (r=-0.530, P < 0.05), perceived colleague support a scale (r=-0.530, P < 0.05), colleague support B scale (r=-0.363, P < 0.05) were negatively correlated with organizational silence; Multiple linear regression analysis showed that department (β’value = 0.256, P = 0.001), employment mode (β’value = 0.115, P = 0.001), professional title (β’value = 0.741, P = 0.023), working years (β’value = 1.1110, P = 0.000), work engagement (β’value6.182, P = 0.000), colleague support scale A (β’value = 0.198, P = 0.003), and scale B (β’value = 0.485, P = 0.001) were the main influencing factors of nurses’ organizational silence behavior.ConclusionsIn this study, nurses’ organizational silence is at the medium level, and nursing workers with low outpatient service, contract system, professional title and working years, less work investment and poor support from colleagues are prone to silence behavior.

Socioeconomic and Health Characteristics as Predictors of Social Support in Elderly People with Visual Impairment: Evidence from Serbia.

Social networks and support have an independent and strong influence on health and quality of life at all stages of the life cycle, especially in the elderly. We aimed to determine the level of social support among the elderly population of the Republic of Serbia. The survey is part of the fourth Health survey of the population of Serbia, which was conducted in 2019 by the Republic Institute of Statistics with the Institute for Public Health of Serbia "Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut" and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. The research instrument was standardized questionnaires constructed in accordance with the European Health Interview Survey (EHIS, wave3) and the social support score (Oslo-3 Social Support Scale). For the purposes of this research, data on the population aged 65 and over were used. In terms of social support, 85.8% of respondents had bad , 13.9% moderate and 0.3% strong. Univariate regression analysis determined that respondents from the territory of Vojvodina had a 1.6 times higher chance of poor social support compared to respondents from southern and eastern Serbia. The probability of bad social support was 1.5 times higher in persons who were never married/cohabiting, persons with secondary education were at 1.6 times higher risk of poor social support compared to persons with higher education. Inactive persons had poor social support 1.4 times more often than employed persons, as well as persons with comorbidities (OR=1.218). These researches are of great importance for public health because it provides valuable data for the creation of interventions that will intensify activities related to providing adequate social support to the elderly.

The Effect of Perceived Social Support on Self-Esteem and Well-Being Among the General Population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Perceived social support refers to the subjective assessment of the extent to which an individual feels supported by others. It is a crucial factor that affects a person's mental health, as well as poor self-esteem, which is a common psychiatric complaint correlated with low perceived social support. As the field expands, a better understanding of the correlation between these factors and mental health is important. Aim This study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived social support, self-esteem, and well-being among the general population of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the targeted population using an online survey. The survey comprised 39 questions, including a validated Arabic version of the Perceived Social Support (PSS) scale, a validated Arabic version of the Self-Esteem Scale, and the Well-Being Scale. Results Of the 405 surveyed participants, 277 (68.4%) were female, and 217 (53.6%) were between 18 and 25 years old. A total of 254 (62.7%) had high PSS. However, 328 (81.0%) had low self-esteem, and 236 (58.3%) had poor well-being. There was a significant association between PSS and both self-esteem and well-being. Females, those with higher monthly incomes, and those with good well-being were less likely to have low to moderate PSS levels. Additionally, being married and engaging in physical activity were significant predictors of low self-esteem. Conclusion Although most of the population demonstrated high PSS, the results for self-esteem and well-being were less than desired. PSS significantly influenced psychological well-being but not self-esteem. Further evidence suggests that male participants with lower monthly incomes may need more social support than others. More research is needed to determine the influence of PSS on self-esteem and well-being among the general population in this region.

Evaluation of the effect of the father's support on the mother's breastfeeding motivation.

One of the factors affecting mothers' breastfeeding success is the father's support and the other is the mother's breastfeeding motivation. This study was conducted to determine the effect of partner breastfeeding support perceived by mothers and reported by fathers on mothers' breastfeeding motivation. The research was conducted using the face-to-face interview method with couples presenting to Family Health Centers in a city in Türkiye. The sample consisted of 114 breastfeeding women in 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum and their partners. Data were collected with a 'Personal Information Form', the 'Breastfeeding Support Scale (BSS)', the 'Breastfeeding Motivation Scale (BMS)', and the 'Partner Breastfeeding Influence Scale (PBIS)'. Participants' mean score was 119.19 ± 23.97 on the PBIS and 11.51 ± 2.94 on the BSS. A moderate-level, significant positive relationship was found between the BSS and PBIS scores of primiparous and multiparous mothers (r = 0.647; r = 0.567). A one-unit increase in fathers' breastfeeding support scores increased integrative regulation motivation scores by 0.548 units in primiparas and 0.458 units in multiparous mothers and by 0.309 units in intrinsic motivation scores and 0.351 units in external regulation-baby health motivation scores in multiparous mothers. It was found that father support affected the autonomous motivation of both primiparous and multiparous mothers at a moderate level. Perceived partner breastfeeding support affected only the autonomous motivation of multiparous mothers at a moderate level, and the types of controlled motivation, namely infant health and social approval, at a weak level.

Study on the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Mobile Internet Addiction -- with Social Support as the Mediating Variable

College students mobile Internet addiction has become a more concerned topic in academia. In this study, 242 college students were investigated by the mobile Internet addiction questionnaire, Big Five personality scale and social support scale, and the test results were analyzed by SPSS23.0. The results show: 1. Mobile Internet addiction of college students is generally good; 2. The difference in grades of social support is significant, while other differences are not significant; 3. The gender differences in neuroticism and pleasure; 4. The significant correlation between personality traits, social support and mobile network addiction; 5. Social support plays a partial intermediary role between college students mobile Internet addiction and personality traits.

Association Between Cerebral Microbleeds and Neurological Outcomes in Patients Who Underwent Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are common and varied in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Here, the authors describe CMB findings in patients receiving ECMO and their association with clinical factors. A total of 138 patients receiving ECMO were enrolled and categorized as venovenous and venoarterial. Blood coagulation profiles during ECMO support and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores within 7 days were recorded. Patients with CMBs exhibited prolonged activated clotting time (P<0.001), decreased fibrinogen levels (P<0.001), reduced platelet counts (P<0.001), and extended prothrombin time (P<0.001). A significant correlation (P<0.05) was observed between the presence of CMBs and most coagulation parameters among all patients. Patients with venoarterial ECMO had significantly higher activated partial thromboplastin time, activated clotting time, and prothrombin time compared with those with venovenous ECMO (all P<0.05). Patients with a less severe CMB burden exhibited higher GCS scores and better neurological injury outcomes at both 7 and 90 days. CMB burden in all patients with ECMO was significantly correlated (P<0.05) with most blood coagulation profiles and neurological injury. CMB burdens after ECMO are common, varied, and associated with a variety of clinical conditions. These findings may guide ECMO management.

The Social Support Perceived by Patients with Schizophrenia at Ali-Kamal Center in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan of Iraq

Background: Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder marked by a diverse range of symptoms. Patients’ perception of social support affects the progress of schizophrenia. Aim: This study aimed mainly to assess social support perceived by patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The present study quantitative- descriptive study on a convenience sample of 100 patients experiencing schizophrenia recruited from the outpatient psychiatric clinic of Ali-kamal Center in Sulaiamani City/Iarq. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used which includes sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and a multidimensional of perceived social support scale. The interview method was employed to collect the data. Results: Low social support was perceived by patients with schizophrenia. Gender P = 0.05; economic status,P = 0.04; and educational level P = 0.01 were statistically significantly associated with low social support among the sample. Conclusion and Recommendation: The role of social support emphasized by schizophrenic patients and the essential need for treatment that includes psychological treatment is also addressed to improve prognosis; moreover, additional studies are needed about the effect of social support on schizophrenic patients.

Path analysis of illness perception, medication beliefs, family support on inhaler adherence in elderly COPD patients: Based on triadic reciprocal determinism

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the pathways through which personal factors (demographic characteristics, illness perception, medication beliefs) and environmental factors (family support) influence adherence to inhaler therapy among Chinese elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on the triadic reciprocal determinism. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from June 2022 to December 2023 using the Test of Adherence to Inhalers (TAI), the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) and the Family Support Scale to investigate 305 elderly COPD patients (mean age 70.96 years, 213 males) from the Department of Respiratory Medicine of a comprehensive hospital in Anhui, China mainland. Path analysis was performed using AMOS 22.0. ResultsPath analysis showed that illness perception, necessity beliefs, concerns beliefs and family support all had direct effects on inhaler adherence, while age had an indirect effect on adherence. Additionally, necessity beliefs and concerns beliefs exhibited significant mediating effects between illness perception and inhaler adherence. Family support respectively mediated the relationships between necessity beliefs, concerns beliefs and inhaler adherence. ConclusionA multidimensional approach targeting cognitive, belief and family factors holds promise for substantially improving inhaler adherence among elderly COPD populations. Practice ImplicationsThis study provided new perspectives for improving inhaler adherence in COPD patients. Healthcare providers should emphasize improving patients' illness perception and medication beliefs, considering the important impact of family support on inhaler adherence.

Association of Family-Centered Care With Psychological Distress Among Caregivers of Children With Cancer at a Tertiary-Level Hospital in Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study.

Psychological distress (PD) is a common mental health problem faced by caregivers of children with cancer. The involvement of families in childcare was found to be associated with lower levels of distress. The study aims to determine the associations between family-centered care (FCC) and PD among caregivers of children with cancer receiving treatment at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Ethiopia. An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted from June to December 2022. Caregivers of children with cancer aged 0-14 years receiving cancer treatment at the pediatric oncology unit completed a face-to-face, interviewer-administered, structured questionnaire during a routine inpatient or outpatient visit. The questionnaire included questions on the characteristics of the child and caregiver, PD (measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10]), FCC (measured by the Measure of Processes of Care [MPOC-20]), and social support (measured by the Oslo-3 Social Support Scale [OSS-3]). Data were collected using the Kobo toolbox and exported to SPSS (version 26; IBM Corp) for cleaning and analysis. A multivariable logistic regression model was used. An odds ratio with a 95% CI was calculated, and a P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 384 caregivers of children with cancer participated in the study. The total PD score ranged from 10 to 50, with a mean score of 17.30 (SD 8.96; 95% CI 16.84-18.60). The proportion of caregivers found to have mild, moderate, and severe levels of PD was 43 (11.2%), 35 (9.1%), and 51 (13.3%), respectively. The overall prevalence of mild to severe PD symptoms was 33.6% (95% CI 28.9%-38.3%). A statistically significant negative association was found between FCC and PD (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.68, 95% CI 0.53-0.86). In addition, having no formal education (AOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.28-6.45), having a history of relapse (AOR 3.24, 95% CI 1.17-9.02), beginning cancer treatment at TASH (AOR 2.82, 95% CI 1.4-4.85), beginning treatment within the last 3 months (AOR 3.99, 95% CI 1.73-9.23), and beginning treatment within the last 4 to 18 months (AOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.25-5.76) were significantly associated with higher level of PD. A total of 1 in 3 caregivers have reported PD. FCC was found to be protective of PD. The finding of this study suggests the need for FCC intervention to improve the mental health condition of caregivers. In addition, the intervention needs to consider the educational status of the caregivers, the time since the cancer diagnosis, and the history of relapse.

Family function and adolescent altruistic behavior: the chain mediating role of extraversion personality and perceived social support.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between family function and altruistic behavior in adolescents, while also investigating the potential mediating roles of extraverted personality and perceived social support. Surveys were administered to high school students across various schools in Guangdong Province, utilizing the Family APGAR Questionnaire, Extraversion Personality Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Altruistic Behavior Scale. A total of 972 valid questionnaires were collected for analysis. The findings revealed that family function did not directly predict altruistic behavior. However, extraverted personality and perceived social support were identified as mediators between family function and altruistic behavior. Furthermore, both extraverted personality and perceived social support acted as chain mediators in this relationship. These results emphasize the importance of considering family dynamics in understanding adolescent altruistic behavior and highlight the potential pathways through which family function influences altruistic tendencies. Promoting positive family environments and enhancing extraverted personality and perceived social support may facilitate the cultivation of altruistic behavior in adolescents.

The relationship between perceived organizational support and burnout in newly graduated nurses from southwest China: the chain mediating roles of psychological capital and work engagement.

Burnout affects the quality of work and health, increases the rate of turnover of newly graduated nurses, and leads to a shortage of nurse resources. Perceived organizational support (POS) can mitigate burnout, but the exact mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating roles of psychological capital (PsyCap) and work engagement (WE) in the relationship between POS and burnout. This is a cross-sectional study. An anonymous investigation with a convenience sampling of nurses was conducted in Sichuan province, southwest China between October 2023 and November 2023. The Perceived Organizational Support Scale, Maslach's Burnout Inventory General Survey, the Psychological Capital questionnaire, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used to collect data. SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 26.0 were applied for statistical analysis. A total of 995 newly graduated nurses participated in this study. The average burnout score of the nurses was 2.45 (1.06) and the incidence of burnout was 82.6%. Burnout was negatively correlated with POS (r=-0.624, p < 0.05), PsyCap (r = -0.685, p < 0.05) and WE (r = -0.638, p < 0.05). The total effect of POS on burnout (β = 0.553) consisted of a direct effect (β = 0.233) as well as an indirect effect (β = 0.320) mediated through PsyCap and WE. PsyCap and WE have a chain-mediated effect between the POS of newly graduated nurses and burnout (β = -0.056, Bootstrap 95% confidence interval (-0.008, -0.003), which represented 10.12% of the total effect. This study confirms that POS has a significant negative predictive effect on burnout. POS was first associated with a decrease in PsyCap, followed by a sequential decline in WE, which in turn was associated with an increase in burnout symptoms among newly graduated nurses. Hospital managers can reduce the levels of burnout of newly graduated nurses by increasing organizational support and improving PsyCap and WE.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT ON CAREER ADAPTABILITY IN FRESH GRADUATE IN PADANG CITY

This research aims to find out whether there is an influence of social support on career adaptability in fresh graduates in Padang City. Career adaptability itself is a person's readiness to complete predictable tasks and participate in work roles, as well as being able to master unexpected situations that may occur due to changes in work and working conditions. This research received 230 fresh graduate respondents, including 125 female respondents and 105 male respondents. The technique used to collect subjects was purposive sampling. This research uses a quantitative method where data is collected through distributing questionnaires. Data was collected from two scales, namely the career adaptability scale which consists of 22 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.847 and the social support scale which consists of 12 items with a reliability coefficient of 0.835. Data analysis was carried out using simple linear regression techniques. Based on data analysis using simple linear regression techniques, it was found that the correlation value was r = 847. From the output, the coefficient of determination (R Squere) was 0.717, the calculated F value was 578.824 with a significance level of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. It can be concluded that social support has a positive influence. positive and significant impact on career adaptability of fresh graduates in Padang City.

Gender differences in the observation of gesture direction: a physiological study

Intransitive gestures are expressive and symbolic, whereas pantomimes are object-related actions. These gestures convey different meanings depending on whether they are directed toward (TB) or away from the body (AB). TB gestures express mental states (intransitive) or hygiene/nutritional activities (pantomime), while AB gestures modify the behaviour of the observer (intransitive) or demonstrate tool use with an object (pantomime). A substantial body of literature suggests that females exhibit stronger social cue processing compared to males. Considering the social significance of gestures, this study aimed to explore the physiological gender differences in the observation of AB and TB gestures. Pupil dilation and High Frequency Heart Rate Variability (HF-HRV) were measured in 54 participants (27 female) while observing TB and AB gestures. The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Vicarious Distress Questionnaire (VDQ) were used to assess social-emotional processes. Results showed greater pupil dilation in females for TB gestures, but no significant gender differences for HF-HRV. Males showed a significant correlation between increased pupil dilation to both TB and AB gestures and empathy levels (IRI). The support scale of the VDQ correlated significantly with TB gestures in males. These findings provide insight into the neurobiological basis of gender differences in perceiving social gestures.