Support For Scientific Research Research Articles

An Introduction to the Development and Protection of Tourism Resources in China

Introduction: Tourism resources provide great potential for tourism development, but at the same time, they also face problems such as over-exploitation and environmental damage, so it is crucial to achieve a balance between development and conservation. This study explores the development and protection of tourism resources in China. Background: Since the reform and opening up of China more than 30 years ago, China's tourism industry has rapidly developed into one of the important pillar industries of the national economy. At the same time, the destruction of tourism resources has also become more and more prominent, therefore, we must correctly deal with the relationship between the development and protection of tourism resources, to ensure the economic benefits while achieving the sustainable development of tourism resources. Novelty: Many studies in China currently focus on either tourism development or conservation, but this study endeavours to consider the relationship between the two in an integrated manner, providing a comprehensive approach to effectively develop and conserve China's rich tourism resources, while at the same time obtaining economic benefits. Research Methods: This study adopts the methods of literature review and qualitative analysis to review the research results on the development and protection of China's tourism resources by collecting relevant literature and summarising and analysing the ideas in the literature to conclude the development and protection of China's tourism resources. Finally, corresponding management suggestions and policy measures are proposed based on the conclusions. Results:To promote the sustainable use and protection of tourism resources, and to ensure the long-term stability and sustainability of the resources Conclusions: To solve this problem, this study puts forward the following suggestions: (1) to formulate strict laws and regulations; (2) to raise the overall awareness of environmental protection; (3) to promote the corresponding scientific research and technological support; (4) to strengthen tourism planning and management. (5) Establishment of funds for the protection of tourism resources; (6) Strengthening of cooperation and exchanges.

A three-pronged new development model for overcoming the middle-technology trap in China

This article addresses a critical issue facing developing countries: overcoming the “middle-technology trap” to achieve sustainable economic growth. It posits that transitioning to an innovation-driven economic growth model is pivotal for surmounting this trap and is an essential prerequisite for high-quality development. This study introduces a strategic approach through a new development model, emphasizing the synergy among three core systems: basic scientific research, applied technology, and financial support. This “three-pronged” collaboration model is argued to foster sustainable innovation-driven growth, essential for leaping over the “middle-income trap” towards high-quality development. By analyzing the historical trajectories of the Soviet Union and the United States, the article delineates the critical role of the proposed model in fostering an innovation economy. The Soviet Union’s failure and the United States’ success are examined through the lens of their respective approaches to integrating basic scientific research, applied technology, and financial systems. The analysis underscores the necessity of a balanced and interactive relationship among these systems for technological innovation, industrial development, and sustainable economic growth. The article concludes that for China to overcome the “middle-technology trap” and achieve long-term prosperity, it should embrace this “three-pronged” new development model, ensuring continuous scientific exploration, technological innovation, and productivity enhancement.

Правовое регулирование и этическое обеспечение научных исследований: взгляд через призму традиционных российских духовно-нравственных ценностей

The article attempts to consider possible directions of legal regulation and ethical support of modern scientific research, primarily biomedical research, from the standpoint of their compliance with traditional Russian spiritual and moral values. The necessity is justified on the basis of modern strategic planning documents to prepare a draft federal law (laws), which will become the basis for the formation of a corpus of legal norms that allow the development of science, research, taking into account the values, legal and ethical principles available in society. The author advocates the development of a socio-humanitarian expertise of high-risk scientific research, as well as innovations implemented on their basis in practice.

FORECASTING THE INNOVATIVE AND DIGITAL STRENGTH OF UKRAINE’S ECONOMY ON THE BASIS OF CORRELATION-REGRESS ANALYSIS

The purpose of the research is to present the realised forecasts of Ukraine's economic power in order to find reserves for the recovery of the national economy and opportunities for the formation of digital entrepreneurship on the basis of innovative functioning, which will lead to economic growth in the medium and long term. The object of scientific research is the expenditure on SRD and S&T development by types of work in Ukraine from 2010 to 2022 and the analysis of indicators of GDP the influence of time, employment and inflation factors; expansion of digital capabilities of entrepreneurship due to the conducted R&D, which will become a guarantee of the emergence of breakthrough innovations as one of the key reserves of innovative and digital development of the country during the war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Methodology. A study was conducted utilising dialectical, systematic, mathematical and statistical methods to investigate the R&D expenses by types of work in Ukraine from 2010 to 2022 and the GDP from 2011 to 2023. This analysis determined the prospective existing reserve of economic strength with positive dynamics and highlighted the necessity for a strategic format of digital business work based on innovation. A CRA was conducted to determine the strength of the relationship between SRD expenditures and time (i.e., a set of factors that consistently influence SRD funding and drive its growth trend). Fisher's test was calculated, and an econometric analysis was performed based on GDP indicators over 56 quarters, establishing the dependence of the GDP volume on the time factor and the cyclicality of seasonal fluctuations. Resluts. The conditions for accelerating the digitisation of business processes at domestic enterprises are, in particular, the presence of highly qualified S&R personnel, innovators and researchers in the country, the development of new institutes of innovative and digital development, and the transformation and adaptation of old institutes of development to the existing conditions. The obtained data of CRA show that there is a close relationship between the GDP of Ukraine and the time factor, and the direction of the relationship is direct, i.e., linear, which in this case is a positive fact. It is determined that in pursuit of the goal of restoring the innovative potential of the national economy in the post-war period and further active development of digital entrepreneurship in Ukraine, it is necessary to continue financial support for scientific research and scientific and technical developments carried out in various sectors of the economy. Practical implications. The analysed statistical data had a positive impact on the professionalism of the forecast calculations and allowed to state that in 2027, with a probability of error of 6.29%, the volume of expenditures on research and development is projected to range from 20,202.74 to 29,201.18 million UAH. The results of the CRA show that the multiple correlation coefficient (R) is 0.94, which indicates a close overall relationship between the country's GDP and three independent variables (inflation rate, unemployment rate, time factor). The linear regression equation fits the sample data well and the model is qualitative. The results of the forecast are as follows: Ukraine has the potential for post-war recovery and can develop models for post-war economic reconstruction and changes in its structure. Government officials can develop institutional instruments to attract investment and provide effective mechanisms for the future transformation of the existing labour market and human capital institution. Value / Originality. Having conducted a thorough analysis of the statistical data on the dynamics of spending on S&T development and implementation of the SRD in Ukraine in 2010-2022, the authors managed to determine the relative error of approximation – a criterion for assessing the reliability of the forecast, which amounted to 8.74% and considered the approximation to be qualitative, and the forecast for 2027 is reliable. It is determined that the regression equation is most accurate when R2 approaches its maximum value, that is, 1, and in this case, it is 0.9096, which is a good result and means that the linear regression equation fits the sample data well and the model is of high quality. And for Ukraine's economy, which is under martial law, such positive expectations for GDP and the possibility of increasing R&D spending give hope that Ukraine's economic strength is real, as confirmed by the forecast calculations.

THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN ENSURING TECHNOLOGICAL INDEPENDENCE IN INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT

The presented scientific article analyzes the role of universities in ensuring technological independence in the context of innovative development. The current trends and key mechanisms by which universities influence the achievement of technological independence of the state are considered, as well as the prospects for the development of this area are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the importance of cooperation between universities and the business community, including active partnerships with industrial enterprises and innovative start-ups. The study also examines educational programs and technological transfers, which are valuable tools for the formation of innovations that contribute to improving the competitiveness of the national economy. The analysis reflects the active role of universities in developing innovative solutions, converting knowledge into successful commercial products and encouraging technological development of the country. Also, within the framework of this study, the importance of developing innovation clusters and technology parks is considered, which contribute to the convergence of science, business and production, and the creation of a favorable ecosystem for innovation. The role of state support for innovative projects and scientific research carried out by universities, financing mechanisms for innovative research and development are considered. The research is an analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of interaction between the academic sphere, business and the state in order to increase technological independence, strengthen innovation and stimulate sustainable economic growth. The results of this study provide material for the development of possible partnership strategies between universities, the business community and the state aimed at ensuring technological independence and sustainable development of the national innovation system, including in order to ensure technological independence and sustainable development of the national innovation system.

Study on the Spatial Effects of Grain Change on Food Security of Feed from the Perspective of Big Food

Using panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2020, this paper uses a spatial double difference model to evaluate the policy impact of the “grain-to-feed” policy on feed grain production in pilot areas and adjacent spatial areas. Research has found that the “grain-to-feed” policy has a significant impact on the feed grain production in pilot areas and can significantly increase the feed grain production in pilot areas by about 2.71 million tons. The “grain-to-feed” policy has strengthened the positive connection between pilot areas and adjacent pilot areas, increased feed grain production, and has a significant spatial spillover effect. Robustness analysis shows that whether using different methods to measure spatial adjacency or using different standards to distribute subsidies, the “grain-to-feed” policy can significantly increase feed grain production, narrow the supply and demand gap of feed grain, and ensure feed grain security. Further analysis shows that the “grain-to-feed” policy can not only ensure the security of feed grain for the current and next periods but also promote the increase in farmers’ income, which is long-term and sustainable. Compared with non-pilot areas, the “grain-to-feed” policy can mitigate the negative impact of wage–price signals on feed grain production in pilot areas. It is recommended that government departments accelerate the transformation of food security concepts, establish a “Big Food Perspective”, gradually promote the pilot of the “grain-to-feed” policy nationwide, increase the subsidy amount of the “grain-to-feed” policy, increase financial support for scientific and technological research and achievement transformation in the field of feed grain, prevent the impact of economic price signal fluctuations on feed grain production, and effectively ensure the security of feed grain in China.

Formation of Competences of Librarian-Bibliographer — Popularizer of Open Science in Vocational Training

There is a lack of attention to the practical implementation by libraries of citizen science projects, science communication and popularization of open science, including outside the academic environment. This situation is due to their relatively recent appearance in the field of researchers’ attention, as well as to the insufficient formation of the necessary competencies among librarians (especially those who graduated before the introduction of competency-based bachelor’s degree programmes).The study aims to address two objectives: 1) identification of specific competences required for a popularizer of open science in a library; 2) development of a structural and functional model of formation of such competences in vocational training.The competences necessary for a librarian-bibliographer — popularizer of open science are proposed. They are related to project and communicative activities, social partnership, support of scientific research, formation and presentation of content, including media content. The methods of mass work are important, as well as the organization of multifunctional library space, its zoning and navigation in order to ensure the comfort of users needed for the organization of citizen science hubs or centers of scientific cooperation. The structural and functional model of formation of such competences in the framework of additional professional education is presented, taking into account the presence of the following factors: previous unsystematized knowledge, skills and abilities based on the librarian’s work experience; theoretical and practical training; application of the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in practical activities immediately after successful completion of the advanced training course. Such realization is based both on the presence of external motivation of the librarian and on his/her knowledge of open science (most often related to the concept of open access) and principles of its functioning. Interactive forms and technologies are noted, including in the assessment phase, using remote working tools to keep the trainees motivated as well as integrating them into the open science environment. In addition, the specific working conditions of the librarian should be analyzed when selecting tasks — this can be a decisive factor in the personal interest of the learner. The basis for the implementation and testing of this approach is laid in three modules of the advanced training course “Library for Open Science” of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The results of the course show a high degree of development of skills linked to communication and project activities, but further adaptation of the material related to the legal framework is required.

Classification of Benign-Malignant Thyroid Nodules Based on Hyperspectral Technology.

In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has rapidly increased. To address the issue of the inefficient diagnosis of thyroid cancer during surgery, we propose a rapid method for the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules based on hyperspectral technology. Firstly, using our self-developed thyroid nodule hyperspectral acquisition system, data for a large number of diverse thyroid nodule samples were obtained, providing a foundation for subsequent diagnosis. Secondly, to better meet clinical practical needs, we address the current situation of medical hyperspectral image classification research being mainly focused on pixel-based region segmentation, by proposing a method for nodule classification as benign or malignant based on thyroid nodule hyperspectral data blocks. Using 3D CNN and VGG16 networks as a basis, we designed a neural network algorithm (V3Dnet) for classification based on three-dimensional hyperspectral data blocks. In the case of a dataset with a block size of 50 × 50 × 196, the classification accuracy for benign and malignant samples reaches 84.63%. We also investigated the impact of data block size on the classification performance and constructed a classification model that includes thyroid nodule sample acquisition, hyperspectral data preprocessing, and an algorithm for thyroid nodule classification as benign and malignant based on hyperspectral data blocks. The proposed model for thyroid nodule classification is expected to be applied in thyroid surgery, thereby improving surgical accuracy and providing strong support for scientific research in related fields.

Creating cloud platforms for supporting FAIR data management in biomedical research projects.

Biomedical research projects are becoming increasingly complex and require technological solutions that support all phases of the data lifecycle and application of the FAIR principles. At the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), we have developed and established a flexible and cost-effective approach to building customized cloud platforms for supporting research projects. The approach is based on a microservice architecture and on the management of a portfolio of supported services. On this basis, we created and maintained cloud platforms for several international research projects. In this article, we present our approach and argue that building customized cloud platforms can offer multiple advantages over using multi-project platforms. Our approach is transferable to other research environments and can be easily adapted by other projects and other service providers.

Ethical principles for using the artificial intelligence in research (based on biomedical research). Vestsi Natsyyanal’nai akademii navuk Belarusi

The article is devoted to the relevant issue of modern science and ethical support for scientific research using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Despite a significant number of foreign and domestic publications about AI, the conceptual framework for the ethics of scientific research using AI remains undeveloped. Based on the international recommendations and articles, as well as own research experience and membership of research ethical committees, the authors define and analyze the basic ethical principles for the scientific research using AI. The proposed principles are considered in the context of their practical application in the field of biomedicine, which are connected with protection of the mankind and nature, maintaining the confidentiality of participants‘ data, preventing discrimination, protecting against errors of AI, respecting informed consent, as well as observing the norms of “open science”, mutual trust from developers and users, etc. The application of the proposed principles orients the scientists, the developers of artificial intelligence, ethical committees, realizing review process, all society, to the priority of the humanization of science, respect for man and nature, as well as education of society regarding to AI, the creation of a regulatory framework, ethical recommendations and codes of ethics for the using of AI in scientific research.

Advances and development in sampling techniques for marine water resources: a comprehensive review

Marine water resources (including seawater and pore-water) provide important information for understanding the marine environment, studying marine organisms, and developing marine resources. Obtaining high-quality marine water samples is significant to marine scientific research and monitoring of marine resources. Since the 20th century, marine water resources sampling technology has become the key research direction of marine equipment. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of marine water resource sampling technology, promote the development of marine water resource sampling technology, and obtain high-quality marine water samples, this paper summarizes the current development status of the sampling technology of marine water resources from the aspects of research and application. This paper first provides an overview of seawater and pore water sampling techniques. The two sampling technologies are categorized and discussed according to different sampling means, and the advantages of different sampling means are compared. We also found similarities between seawater and pore water sampling means. Then, a comprehensive analysis of existing technologies and equipment reveals the development trend of marine water resources sampling technology, for example, the need for high temporal and spatial accuracy in sampling, etc. Finally, it explores the challenges facing deep-sea water sampling technology regarding future research, development and equipment industrialization. These reviews not only help researchers better understand the current development of marine water sampling technologies but also provide an important reference for the future development of marine water sampling technology, which provides guidance and support for in-depth marine scientific research and effective use of marine resources.

Methane Retrieval Algorithms Based on Satellite: A Review

As the second most predominant greenhouse gas, methane-targeted emission mitigation holds the potential to decelerate the pace of global warming. Satellite remote sensing is an important monitoring tool, and we review developments in the satellite detection of methane. This paper provides an overview of the various types of satellites, including the various instrument parameters, and describes the different types of satellite retrieval algorithms. In addition, the currently popular methane point source quantification method is presented. Based on existing research, we delineate the classification of methane remote sensing satellites into two overarching categories: area flux mappers and point source imagers. Area flux mappers primarily concentrate on the assessment of global or large-scale methane concentrations, with a further subclassification into active remote sensing satellites (e.g., MERLIN) and passive remote sensing satellites (e.g., TROPOMI, GOSAT), contingent upon the remote sensing methodology employed. Such satellites are mainly based on physical models and the carbon dioxide proxy method for the retrieval of methane. Point source imagers, in contrast, can detect methane point source plumes using their ultra-high spatial resolution. Subcategories within this classification include multispectral imagers (e.g., Sentinel-2, Landsat-8) and hyperspectral imagers (e.g., PRISMA, GF-5), contingent upon their spectral resolution disparities. Area flux mappers are mostly distinguished by their use of physical algorithms, while point source imagers are dominated by data-driven methods. Furthermore, methane plume emissions can be accurately quantified through the utilization of an integrated mass enhancement model. Finally, a prediction of the future trajectory of methane remote sensing satellites is presented, in consideration of the current landscape. This paper aims to provide basic theoretical support for subsequent scientific research.

Abstract 329: NanoTelo: A workflow for detecting telomere absolute length based on nanopore sequencing technology

Abstract Background: Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein structures located at the end of linear chromosomes in eukaryotic cells, and protect the ends of chromosomal DNA from degradation, end-to-end fusion and abnormal recombination. Changes in telomere length have become an important biomarker, which is closely related to cellular aging, all-cause mortality and a variety of diseases. However, there are still challenges in quantifying telomere absolute length, due to repeats of nucleotide sequence (5’-TTAGGG-3’)n in single-stranded G-rich telomeric region, and lack of a method for nucleotide separation and enrichment of individual telomeres. Methods: We developed NanoTelo, a workflow for detecting telomere absolute length based on nanopore sequencing technology. For experimental steps, a self-designed telomere adapter was first connected to the C-rich strand at the end of the chromosome by utilizing the 3' end overhang. And the 5' end of the telomere adapter was complementary to the sequencing adapter, allowing the antisense telomere chain to perform single-strand extension sequencing in the 5' to 3' direction, thus into the sub-telomeric region from the telomere end. The sequencing library was nanopore-sequenced on the QPursue-6k according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For data analysis, reads were strictly extracted (dataset B) with the telomere adapter and library structure in raw sequencing data (dataset A). The reads of dataset A and dataset B were corrected, aligned to the human reference genome (T2T-CHM13v2.0), and calculated the telomere length distribution of each chromosomal (autosomes and sex chromosomes) p/q-arm, respectively. Defined the mean telomere length of all chromosomes represented the overall telomere length, the estimated results of dataset A and dataset B were weighted to obtain the final telomere absolute length. Results: We selected 5 cell lines, which was HCT116, 293T, T24, IMR90 and WI38, and performed 2 experimental replicates for each one. We found that the estimated telomere lengths for each cell line were 3,528/3,512 bp, 4,298/4,311 bp, 2,745/2,685 bp, 4,926/4,915 bp and 4,143/4,096 bp, respectively. A comparative analysis with results from the Pacbio sequencing platform for each cell line in the Tham et al.'s paper, showed that there was no significant statistical difference (two-tailed T-test: p-value=0.98), and the mean absolute difference for estimated telomere length between the two platforms was 7.7 bp (95% CI: 5.4-10.0 bp). Conclusions: NanoTelo demonstrated the possibility of measuring telomere absolute length with a single chromosomal p/q-arm at nucleotide-level resolution. We hope that NanoTelo can not only be used as an important tool for estimating telomere length to dynamically monitor aging, but also provide strong technical support for scientific research and/or clinical application related to human anti-aging and disease intervention. Citation Format: Jidong Lang, Yanmei Chen, Zhi Yang, Beibei Huo. NanoTelo: A workflow for detecting telomere absolute length based on nanopore sequencing technology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 329.

Creating cloud platforms for supporting FAIR data management in biomedical research projects.

Biomedical research projects are becoming increasingly complex and require technological solutions that support all phases of the data lifecycle and application of the FAIR principles. At the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), we have developed and established a flexible and cost-effective approach to building customized cloud platforms for supporting research projects. The approach is based on a microservice architecture and on the management of a portfolio of supported services. On this basis, we created and maintained cloud platforms for several international research projects. In this article, we present our approach and argue that building customized cloud platforms can offer multiple advantages over using multi-project platforms. Our approach is transferable to other research environments and can be easily adapted by other projects and other service providers.

Give heart cells a beat: An interactive museum exhibit that synchronizes stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes to visitors’ heartbeat

Science museums play an important role in science education, engaging the public with science concepts and building support for scientific research. Here, we describe Give Heart Cells a Beat, an interactive exhibit that lets museum visitors synchronize the beating of live stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes to their own heart rate in real time. The beat rate of cells accurately matched the beat rate of visitors and responded dynamically to changes such as exercise. Visitor evaluation revealed that engagement with the specimen prompted curiosity in heart biology and stem cells. Give Heart Cells a Beat is the product of a close collaboration between a museum and an academic research laboratory, and to our knowledge, it is the first interactive exhibit to use live human heart cells. We hope this exhibit serves as an example for the implementation of stem cell technology in informal science education and inspires future relationships between academia and public science venues.

A new approach to assessing and forecasting the stock of sprat in the Baltic Sea in modern conditions

The aim of this article: analysis of information and software for forecasting of the Baltic Sea sprat stock Sprattus sprattus balticus at 22–32 ICES subdivisions in the context of the suspension of Russia’s activities in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES).Methods used: The data of estimates of sprat abundance and biomass by hydroacoustic methods, commercial and biostatistical characteristics of the species were used to assess the stock and predict its catch in the Baltic Sea. Estimation of the sprat stock was carried out using the traditional method of virtual population analysis (VPA) adjusted according to the method of extended survival analysis (XSA) using the internationally approved VPA module software within the framework of ICES and the R software environment. The recruitment calibration program RCT3 (Recruitment calibration) was used for the abundance of recruitment (age 1 year) according to XSA and forecast. A multivariate short-term forecast was carried out at different levels of development of the total allowable catch (TAC) under the MFDP program (Multi Fleet Deterministic Projection). As an alternative, the domestic software «KAFKA» was tested.Novelty: for the first time, estimates of the sprat stock were made in the conditions of limited access of Russian specialists to primary data in ICES in full.Result: modern methodological and informational support of scientific research in the Baltic Sea in the conditions of the suspension of the activities of Russian experts in ICES makes it possible to obtain information in the minimum necessary amount for assessing the stock of sprat and predicting its catch. Modeling with the «KAFKA» software showed satisfactory results.Practical significance: The current level of information support for forecasting the state of the stock and catch of sprat in the Baltic Sea will allow solving a complex of problems of managing this resource in modern conditions.

Creating cloud platforms for supporting FAIR data management in biomedical research projects.

Biomedical research projects are becoming increasingly complex and require technological solutions that support all phases of the data lifecycle and application of the FAIR principles. At the Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), we have developed and established a flexible and cost-effective approach to building customized cloud platforms for supporting research projects. The approach is based on a microservice architecture and on the management of a portfolio of supported services. On this basis, we created and maintained cloud platforms for several international research projects. In this article, we present our approach and argue that building customized cloud platforms can offer multiple advantages over using multi-project platforms. Our approach is transferable to other research environments and can be easily adapted by other projects and other service providers.

Metformin-mediated effects on mesenchymal stem cells and mechanisms: proliferation, differentiation and aging.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a type of pluripotent adult stem cell with strong self-renewal and multi-differentiation abilities. Their excellent biological traits, minimal immunogenicity, and abundant availability have made them the perfect seed cells for treating a wide range of diseases. After more than 60years of clinical practice, metformin is currently one of the most commonly used hypoglycaemic drugs for type 2 diabetes in clinical practice. In addition, metformin has shown great potential in the treatment of various systemic diseases except for type 2 diabetes in recent years, and the mechanisms are involved with antioxidant stress, anti-inflammatory, and induced autophagy, etc. This article reviews the effects and the underlying mechanisms of metformin on the biological properties, including proliferation, multi-differentiation, and aging, of MSCs in vitro and in vivo with the aim of providing theoretical support for in-depth scientific research and clinical applications in MSCs-mediated disease treatment.

Improvement of Ukraines innovation policy based on the experience of Poland

The strategic and program documents that defined the goals and tasks for the activation of innovative development of Poland since joining the EU were analyzed. The content of institutional reforms to ensure the effectiveness of the innovation strategy and directions for improving the financial mechanism for supporting innovatively active enterprises and stimulating the innovative activity of small and medium-sized businesses in Poland are considered. A comparative analysis of the indicators of research and innovation activity of Ukraine and Poland for 2016–2022 was conducted. The positive dynamics of indicators of the financial and personnel components of research and development activity, the growth of the effectiveness of innovation activity in Poland in recent years were revealed. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made about the effectiveness of the state innovation policy of Poland, in particular in terms of the application of fiscal instruments and the implementation of the mechanism for expanding cooperation between research organizations and entrepreneurs. The study of the dynamics of the main indicators of scientific research and innovation activity of Ukraine showed that during the studied period there was a significant decrease in the level of financing of scientific research, a reduction in personnel potential and a decrease in the competitiveness of domestic enterprises on foreign markets of high-tech products. The expediency of implementing the Polish experience in Ukraine for improving the state innovation policy based on the introduction of measures to stimulate the innovative activity of enterprises, improving the financial and information support of scientific research and innovation activities is substantiated. Based on the Polish experience, it is proposed to introduce in Ukraine a mixed system of financial support for innovative enterprises, which includes subsidies, tax discounts, technological credits, grants for research and innovation. The importance of applying organizational and informational measures for the formation of innovative thinking of entrepreneurs, expansion of cooperation of enterprises with research centers and commercialization of research results is substantiated.

Research on the evolution of China's photovoltaic technology innovation network from the perspective of patents

Photovoltaic (PV) technology, as a low-carbon energy technology, is crucial to mitigating climate change and achieving sustainable development. China has the largest total number of PV technology patents in the world, but the lack of core technologies has restricted the further innovative development of China's PV industry. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify China's current PV technology accumulation to better catch up with key technology areas. To clearly describe the structural characteristics of China's PV technology innovation network, this study uses China's patent PV technology data over the past 20 years from the Incopat global patent database and analyses the structural characteristics of the network from the perspectives of one-mode and two-mode networks, using method of social network analysis (SNA). The results show that 1) the leading PV enterprises have basically formed relatively stable internal collaborations and that the scale of innovation network development has expanded rapidly, with very strong stamina; 2) with the development of China's PV industry, many innovative PV techniques have been developed by leading enterprises in the field of innovation and research and development (R&D) of PV technology, and among patent applicants with strong collaboration, kinship collaboration with investment relationships is dominant; 3) provinces participating in PV technology innovation are increasing significantly, the network is more influenced by leading nodes, and the eastern coastal provinces are pioneers in the innovation and R&D of PV technology; and 4) PV technological innovation collaboration between patent applicants and cities has changed from local collaboration to cross-regional collaboration, high-value areas are basically concentrated in the eastern coastal region of China, with scattered spatial characteristics, and cross-regional collaboration presents a “triangular” spatial structure, with the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei as cores. The conclusions can provide patent information support for scientific research on energy conservation and emission reduction to achieve low-carbon goals, and can also provide reference for policy formulation of renewable energy development and green development strategies.