Manpower Support Research Articles

학교구강보건실 담당자의 업무 실태 및 양치시설에 대한 의견 조사

Objectives : This study aims to analyze the tasks, recognition and obstacles in operation of school dental clinics and to examine opinions on installation, operation and prerequisites for toothbrushing facilities. Methods : It conducted a survey t o the persons in charge at 378 school dental clinics in Korea and total 127 sheets, excluding incompletely answered data, were used for analysis by using SPSS 18.0. Results : Two regular dental hygienists visit school dental clinics 2-3 times per week and work 4-6 hours per week on average. Their tasks include oral health education, toothbrushing instruction, oral examination, sending school newsletters, and dental sealants. The obstacles of operation include excessive workload other than the work for the school dental clinic, lack of dentists, and lack of cooperation of principals and teachers in school. The persons in charge think that the chief task of the school dental clinic is the continuous oral health management, and it effectively affects students` oral health improvement. Most of them were for the installation of toothbrushing facilities. They said that it will be effective in students having an adequate toothbrushing habit and their toothbrushing rate increasing higher. They thought that if the school dental clinic is changed to toothbrushing facilities, it will improve students` oral health management. The prerequisites for toothbrushing facilities are the support of manpower in charge, principal`s support, and development of operational programs. Conclusions : The most effective function of school dental clinics is constant oral health management. However, when public health doctors are reduced and dental sealants get included in health insurance, the budget of local government will decrease and then it will eventually reduce the work of school dental clinics. Therefore, it is needed to enhance support for school dental clinics or install a toothbrushing facilities rather than a school dental clinic.

Challenges in the Management of Pediatric Central Venous Access Devices in the Community

Central venous access devices (CVADs) play an essential role in the care of critically ill children. Significant challenges exist for teams in managing CVADs particularly in a community setting. The authors aimed to assess the experience of general practitioners (GPs) caring for children with CVADs. From 200 CVADs inserted in a pediatric hospital in 2009, 50 patients were randomly selected and 44 GPs were forwarded a questionnaire. Twenty (46%) GPs responded. The main reasons (n = 22) for using CVADs were medication administration (n = 11), nutrition (n = 6), and blood sampling (n = 5). Thirteen (65%) GPs had no education in CVAD management and 14 (70%) were unaware of existing guidelines. Those identified by GPs as having primary responsibility for care of CVADs in the community included hospital/pediatric teams (n = 9), parents (n = 3), GPs (n = 2), public health nurses (n = 1), and palliative care (“home care”) teams (n = 1). The main challenges (n = 15) identified by GPs were lack of education (n = 4), line management difficulties (n = 3), infection risk (n = 3), infrequent exposure to CVADs (n = 3), and poor communication (n = 1). GPs felt that these challenges could be addressed through: education (n = 8), increased manpower and community support (n = 1), and improved communication (n = 1). This study highlights the inconsistency and challenges for GPs surrounding CVAD use in children. Further education and support is necessary to assist GPs in their use particularly when providing end-of-life care for children in the community.

Collaborative Rural Healthcare Network: A Conceptual Model

Healthcare is a critical issue in rural communities throughout the world. Provision of timely and cost effective health care in these communities is a challenge since it is coupled with a lack of adequate infrastructure and manpower support. Twenty percent of the United States of Americaâ??s population resides in rural communities, i.e., 59 million people; however, only nine percent of the nationâ??s physicians practice in rural communities. Shortage of health care personnel and the lack of equipment and facilities often force rural residents to travel long distances to receive needed medical treatment. Researchers and practitioners are in search of solutions to address these unique challenges. In this research, we present a proposed collaborative model of a health information system for rural communities and the challenges and opportunities of this global issue.

Emerging Indian entrepreneurship in biotechnology and National Innovation System: exploring linkages and prospects

The recent expansion of Indian biotechnology industry backed by strong R&D allocations sets the upward movement of the industry on a new growth trajectory intertwined with innovation and entrepreneurship. This is most likely to take off Indian biopharma industry from 'bio-generics' and 'bio-similars' to a higher pedestal where it may develop 'proprietary processes', carving a new niche for the growth of the sector, giving further push to R&D-intensive activities. The issue is how National Innovation System (NIS), which could provide initial manpower and financial support to the sector, responds to the growing specialisation of the Indian biopharma and help evolve new strategies to sustain the growth in the high-end biopharma sector.

An Integrated Approach for Restructuring Higher Technical Education

The role of technical education is crucial to nation’s development, because it is the major producer of human resource capital. It may be mentioned that education is not so much as what students learn in their classrooms, but it matters how do they learn it. The environment and needs where the potential of this vast capital of human resource is tested and harnessed is changing constantly with time. Therefore, the learning process of the higher technical education should be directed such that students and young faculty members are able to give their best; both in terms of intellectual content and skillful efforts. This paper attempts to analyze the prevailing structure of the centers of higher technical education and suggests strategies to improve their performance. It also attempts to strengthen the importance of Participative Learning Pedagogy, with emphasis on the equal and interactive participation of student in teaching process, in conjunction with generic skills, well-trained faculty, well-equipped laboratories, good student centric learning support, technical manpower support, infrastructure and entrepreneurship programme etc.

The future of biomanufacturing in Singapore

AbstractSingapore's vision is to become a global biomedical sciences (BMS) hub and to develop the BMS industry as the fourth manufacturing pillar of Singapore's economy. The biomanufacturing industry has been a significant growth area for Singapore's BMS industry, with four major biologics investments totaling close to US$1 billion being committed in less than 2 years and the setting up of local biomanufacturing companies. In parallel, resources in biomedical research and bioprocess manpower capabilities are being built up for this knowledge‐intensive industry. Located at the Biopolis, the epicenter of biomedical R&D, the Bioprocessing Technology Institute (BTI) has been developing bioprocess expertise and programs to support the manpower needs of the growing biomanufacturing sector. With a strong commitment to provide the biomanufacturing industry with research and manpower support, the future looks promising and Singapore is well positioned to become a leading biomanufacturing hub in Asia Pacific.

HEND: A DATABASE FOR HIGH-ENERGY NUCLEAR DATA

We propose to develop a high-energy heavy-ion experimental database and make it accessible to the scientific community through an on-line interface. The database will be searchable and cross-indexed with relevant publications, including published detector descriptions. It should eventually contain all published data from older heavy-ion programs such as the Bevalac, AGS, SPS and FNAL fixed-target programs, as well as published data from current programs at RHIC and new facilities at GSI (FAIR), KEK/Tsukuba and the LHC collider. This data includes all proton-proton, proton-nucleus to nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as other relevant systems and all measured observables. Such a database would have tremendous scientific payoff as it makes systematic studies easier and allows simpler benchmarking of theoretical models to a broad range of experiments. To enhance the utility of the database, we propose periodic data evaluations and topical reviews. These reviews would provide an alternative and impartial mechanism to resolve discrepancies between published data from rival experiments and between theory and experiment. Since this database will be a community resource, it requires the high-energy nuclear physics community's financial and manpower support.

International Heliophysical Year 2007: Basic space science initiatives

Abstract The UN Office for Outer Space Affairs, through the IHY Secretariat and the United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative (UNBSSI), assists scientists and engineers world-wide to participate in the International Heliophysical Year (IHY) 2007. A major thrust of IHY/UNBSSI is to deploy arrays of small, inexpensive instruments such as magnetometers, radio telescopes, GPS receivers, all-sky cameras, etc. around the world to allow global measurements of ionospheric and heliospheric phenomena. The small instrument program is envisioned as a partnership between instrument providers and instrument hosts in developing nations, with the former providing the instruments, the host nation the manpower, facilities and operational support, typically at a local university. Funds are not available through IHY/UNBSSI to build the instruments; these must be obtained through the normal proposal channels. All instrument operational support for local scientists, facilities, data acquisition, etc. will be provided by the host nation. The IHY/UNBSSI can facilitate the deployment of several of these networks and existing databases and relevant software tools will be identified to promote space science activities in developing nations. Extensive data on space science have been accumulated by a number of space missions. Similarly, long-term databases are available from ground-based observations. These data can be utilized in ways different from those originally intended for understanding the heliophysical processes. This report provides an overview of IHY/UNBSSI, its achievements, future plans and outreach to the 192 member states of the United Nations.

A High-Energy Nuclear Database Proposal

We propose to develop a high-energy heavy-ion experimental database and make it accessible to the scientific community through an on-line interace. This database will be searchable and cross-indexed with relevant publications, including published detector descriptions. Since this database will be a community resource, it requires the high-energy nuclear physics community's financial and manpower support. This database should eventually contain all published data from the Bevalac, AGS and SPS to RHIC and LHC energies, proton-proton to nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as other relevant systems and all measured observables. Such a database would have tremendous scientific payoff as it makes systematic studies easier and allows simpler benchmarking of theoretical models to a broad range of old and new experiments. Furthermore, there is a growing need for compilations of high-energy nuclear data for applications including stockpile stewardship, technology development for intertial confinement fusion and target and source development for upcoming facilities such as the Next Linear Collider. To enhance the utility of this database, we propose periodically performing evaluations of the data and summarizing the results in topical reviews.

Proposal for a High-Energy Nuclear Database

We propose to develop a high-energy heavy-ion experimental database and make it accessible to the scientific community through an on-line interface. This database will be searchable and cross-indexed with relevant publications, including published detector descriptions. Since this database will be a community resource, it requires the high-energy nuclear physics community's financial and manpower support. This database should eventually contain all published data from Bevalac, AGS and SPS to RHIC and LHC energies, proton-proton to nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as other relevant systems, and all measured observables. Such a database would have tremendous scientific payoff as it makes systematic studies easier and allows simpler benchmarking of theoretical models to a broad range of old and new experiments. Furthermore, there is a growing need for compilations of high-energy nuclear data for applications including stockpile stewardship, technology development for inertial confinement fusion and target and source development for upcoming facilities such as the Next Linear Collider. To enhance the utility of this database, we propose periodically performing evaluations of the data and summarizing the results in topical reviews.

Implementing information and communication technology in public libraries of Bangladesh⋆

Information and communication technology (ICT) plays a vital role in bringing about changes in our society. As technology is getting more sophisticated and more affordable everyday, the range of services that are provided also increases accordingly. In this age of ICT the role of the public library has changed radically in developed countries. They are providing more sophisticated and user friendly services to their users. But, public libraries in developing countries are using these facilities very slowly due to shortage of funds, skilled manpower and other logistical support. As a result the users of public libraries in developing countries are not fully satisfied. This paper deals with the development of public libraries in Bangladesh, their present situation, and some recommendations for improving their services and implementing ICT.

Implementing information and communication technology in public libraries of Bangladesh

Information and communication technology (ICT) plays a vital role in bringing about changes in our society. As technology is getting more sophisticated and more affordable everyday, the range of services that are provided also increases accordingly. In this age of ICT the role of the public library has changed radically in developed countries. They are providing more sophisticated and user friendly services to their users. But, public libraries in developing countries are using these facilities very slowly due to shortage of funds, skilled manpower and other logistical support. As a result the users of public libraries in developing countries are not fully satisfied. This paper deals with the development of public libraries in Bangladesh, their present situation, and some recommendations for improving their services and implementing ICT.

Online Delivery of Programmes: A case study of IGNOU

Online education is the most exciting segment in the Indian IT space. A host of e-education sites continue to enter the market with focused offerings, linking up students and teachers, almost on a daily basis. This is happening because the new medium seeks to supplement -- not replace -- traditional teaching-learning methodologies. Keeping in view the global and in country/domestic market changes, India has to play a vital role in terms of software exports, skilled manpower support, and online education. With India currently in the midst of a "dotcom" wave, Indira Ghandi National Open University (IGNOU) has taken the initiative in launching online in January 2000 two of its educational computer programmes. In July 2000 it launched twenty capsule courses (each comprising three courses) in different specialization areas of management [http://www.ignou.com/index.htm]. Each of these capsules addresses one specific functional or specialization area, one basic course pertaining to that specialization and a project course. The Bachelor of Information Technology and Advanced Diploma in Information Technology programmes are offered through a Virtual Campus Initiative (VCI). Management Programme capsule courses are offered through Project MEIDS (Management Education through Interactive Delivery Systems).

Ernst Rüdin, 1874-1952: a German psychiatrist and geneticist.

Ernst Rüdin (1874-1952) was one of the major representatives of German psychiatry, genetics, and eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Switzerland, he was influenced early on by his brother-in-law Alfred Ploetz, who propagated the ideas of social Darwinism and "racial hygiene" in Germany after 1890. Rüdin began his career in psychiatry at Emil Kraepelin's clinic in Munich, where he developed the concept of "empirical genetic prognosis" of mental disorders. He published his first results on the genetics of schizophrenia in 1916. From 1917-1945 Rüdin was director of the Genealogical-Demographic Department at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research, which Kraepelin had founded. After a short interruption from 1925-1928, Rüdin returned to Munich and enlarged the department. After 1933 the National Socialist government and party endorsed Rüdin's work by supplying financial and manpower support. Nazi health policy required a scientific basis to justify its actions, and Rüdin's ideas corresponded partially with this kind of thinking. In 1934 he prepared the official commentary on the "Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring." The connections of Rüdin's department to National Socialism can be understood as one of the main reasons for the critical attitude towards psychiatric genetics in Germany after 1945.

Ernst Rüdin, 1874–1952: A German psychiatrist and geneticist

Ernst Rüdin (1874–1952) was one of the major representatives of German psychiatry, genetics, and eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Switzerland, he was influenced early on by his brother-in-law Alfred Ploetz, who propagated the ideas of social Darwinism and “racial hygiene” in Germany after 1890. Rüdin began his career in psychiatry at Emil Kraepelin's clinic in Munich, where he developed the concept of “empirical genetic prognosis” of mental disorders. He published his first results on the genetics of schizophrenia in 1916. From 1917–1945 Rüdin was director of the Genealogical-Demographic Department at the German Institute for Psychiatric Research, which Kraepelin had founded. After a short interruption from 1925–1928, Rüdin returned to Munich and enlarged the department. After 1933 the National Socialist government and party endorsed Rüdin's work by supplying financial and manpower support. Nazi health policy required a scientific basis to justify its actions, and Rüdin's ideas corresponded partially with this kind of thinking. In 1934 he prepared the official commentary on the “Law for the Prevention of Genetically Diseased Offspring.” The connections of Rüdin's department to National Socialism can be understood as one of the main reasons for the critical attitude towards psychiatric genetics in Germany after 1945. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Manpower, Personnel, and Training Decision Support System

Manpower, Personnel, and Training Decision Support System

Medical manpower in Israel: Political processes and constraints

‘Health manpower development, an interconnected set of activities dealing with planning, production, utilization and support of manpower, transcends all other issues in health development. It is a critical factor for the economic efficiency of the health care system, and an important response mechanism for attaining the goal of health for all through primary health care’ [45]. However, a realistic appraisal indicates that the political reality in most countries has made effective planning in this area rare because of competing interest groups seeking resources and power [31,34]. The Israel case study demonstrates the role of these pressures in determining the training, allocation, utilization and planning of health manpower in a health care system characterized by on-going processes of political compromise among a variety of groups. Perhaps the most distinguishing social facts about Israel are its small size and the heterogeneity of its population. Since its formal establishment in 1948, there has been a constant stream of immigration from a wide variety of countries which has resulted in a mixed ethnic population which is among the most differentiated in the world. In 1985, 40% of the Jewish population was born in other countries, and among the Israel born, only 18.5% are second-generation Israelis. About 18% of the population is not Jewish: 77% of these are Moslems, and the remainder are Christians, Druze and members of other small religious groups. While Israel does not have a nationalized health care system, 94.5% of its population is covered by comprehensive health insurance which includes curative and preventive ambulatory care as well as hospitalization. Regional hospitals are located within no more than 30 kilometers of most communities; primary, curative and preventive services are easily accessible on a neighborhood basis. A strong egalitarian welfare ideology has traditionally provided support for a broad network of health care institutions giving extensive curative and preventive services to the population. Indeed, sensitivity to health needs is widespread in all segments of the population of Israel.

Singapore’s Service Sector Development in the ASEAN Context

This paper has two main aims. One is to review the growth of the service sector in Singapore in terms of its and services. The old services are primarily in entrepot activities while the new ones have evolved as much in response to economic restructuring and diversification as to the challenges posed by new demand and technologies. Even old entrepot services are upgraded into new ones like countertrade as more dynamic ones in telecommunications, information technology, communica tions and travel evolve. The complementarity and linkages between the old and new are thus analysed. A second related objective is to assess the implications of these trends in service sector development on Singapore's traditional hinterland in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). With their own service sectors in particular, and overall economic development in general being promoted, it is ger mane to know whether Singapore's service sector will draw more forces of competition or interdependency in the ASEAN context. While the prognosis on balance is favourable, the paper has also noted some domestic and international issues and constraints for the service sector. The main domestic issue is on the weak link in the people dimension in terms of manpower support though there is tremendous government support in this and all related areas of service promotion. In the international arena, the issues are more perplexing as trade liberalization in services and deregulation remains unresolved.

Synopsis of Health Science Terminology for Optometrists

This paper presents information on the available support of optometric education and research by several agencies of the Federal Government. A brief history of federal support of research and education since World War II is presented reflecting an increase in emphasis toward the support of manpower and the delivery of health care. The organizational structure and programs of the National Institutes of Health are discussed including the National Eye Institute and the Bureau of Health Manpower Education. Grant awards to schools of optometry (construction, educational, scholarship, and loan grants) since the inception of the Health Professions Educational Assistance Program in 1963 are reviewed. Expenditure of special project grant funds by schools of optometry are compared with other health professions. Programs of the National Science Foundation related to optometry are reviewed and projections of future legislation are discussed in relation to the current fiscal situation.