Child Support Research Articles

Validation of the Parent-report Pandemic Anxiety Scale (PAS-P) in the context of COVID-19

AbstractTo be able to develop effective policy and targeted support for children and young people, it is vital to develop and validate measures that enable us to understand what aspects of pandemics are associated with anxiety and stress across a wide age range. We examined the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Anxiety Scale– Parent-report (PAS-P), which measures levels of child and adolescent pandemic-related anxieties. Factor structure, reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of the PAS-P was assessed in a convenience sample of parents/carers (N­ = 8410) over at three time points in 2020 when COVID-19 case rates and restrictions varied. Factor structure was identified via two exploratory factor analyses (EFAs; n = 5601 and n = 1005) and then tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 800), measurement invariance tests, and a longitudinal CFA (n = 1651). Two factors structure for disease and consequence anxiety were observed across both EFAs and were found to have good fit in the CFAs. The PAS-P demonstrated good internal consistency and discriminant validity, as well as partial scalar invariance in latent construct measurement across child age, gender, and time. The PAS-P is a robust parent-report measure of two distinct forms of pandemic-related anxiety, suitable for reporting on children and adolescents aged 4-16 years. Although the scale has been validated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is not limited to this specific pandemic and, with minor wording modifications, may be a reliable tool in other health epidemic contexts.

A phenomenological investigation of kinship involvement in the lives of children whose parents have mental illness

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose Mental health services rarely reach children whose parents have mental illness despite their poor outcomes. There is a need to consider how mental health practitioners can prioritize the needs of these children and their families. This study examined kinship involvement in the lives of children whose parents have mental illness. Methods A phenomenological design was used, interviewing 20 children (aged 10–17 years) in families with parental mental illness (PMI) in Ghana. The interview data was analysed to attain the essential features of what kinship support looks like for children and their families. Results The essential feature of kinship support for children and families with PMI is characterized by uncertainty. However, there is an overall impression that kinship is generally supportive to these families, providing respite services, assistance with daily living, emotional support and advice to children and families. Yet, there is a sense that kinship may not always be helpful to these families. Conclusions Kinship support is integral in countries where formal mental health services are inadequate and should be explored/harnessed by mental health practitioners. The study provides directions into ways practitioners can utilize kinship as a resource when working with these families.

Moving towards transformative justice for black women survivors of intimate partner violence: an intersectional qualitative study.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionately affects Black women, yet the current IPV justice response, relying on the criminal legal system, often fails them due to racialized, sexist stereotypes that disrupt Black women's claims to survivorship. Transformative justice, a community-based approach designed to repair harm between the survivor and person who caused harm and transform the social conditions that perpetuate violence, may be a promising alternative approach to facilitate justice and accountability for IPV. However, little is known about the justice preferences of Black women IPV survivors. This qualitative study sought to understand Black women IPV survivors' experiences interacting with police and their justice preferences following IPV. Semi-structured interviews with 15 Black women IPV survivors were conducted between April 2020 and April 2022. Inductive analytic techniques derived from grounded theory were used to contextualize Black women IPV survivors' experiences. One theme was identified that aligned with Black women IPV survivors' experiences interacting with the police: 1) fear and distrust. Four themes were identified that aligned with justice preferences: (1) resolution through dialogue, (2) therapy and counseling services, (3) resource support, and (4) protection and prevention for children. Fear and distrust of the police was mainly driven by anticipated discrimination. Survivors' justice preferences encompassed solution-based dialogue between the survivor and person who caused harm mediated by family and trusted individuals in the community, therapy services, housing support, and attention to preventing the intergenerational cycle of IPV for children as part of a community-based, holistic justice response. Police interactions as part of the current justice response were counterproductive for Black women IPV survivors. Black women IPV survivors deserve alternative forms of justice and accountability for IPV. As an alternative justice response to IPV, transformative justice can encompass their justice preferences and promote equity and center Black women IPV survivors and their communities.

THE USE OF DANCE-MOVEMENT THERAPY IN CORRECTIONAL WORK WITH PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN WITH NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS

This study analyses the effectiveness of innovative methods of psychological support aimed at primary school children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Based on the theory of movement behaviour of N. A. Bernstein and approaches of V. M. Sechenov, V. M. Bekhterev, and other prominent specialists in the field of defectology, special and clinical psychology, the article makes a significant contribution to the practice of correcting the psychoemotional state and behavioural reactions of children with the mentioned disorders. The central aspect of the work is the assessment of the use of the mirror dance method for children with autism and adaptation of specialised approaches of psychological support for children with ADHD. The study includes 50 participants aged 6 to 10, selected through educational and medical institutions. The results demonstrate the significance of individualised approaches in correcting behavioural and emotional problems, emphasising that targeted psychological intervention facilitates adaptation to school life and reduces emotional discomfort in children...

Nutrition support in children with medical complexity and chronic critical illness: A narrative review.

Children with medical complexity (CMC) and children with chronic critical illness (CCI) represent growing populations with high healthcare use and dependence on specialized care, both in the hospital and community setting. Nutrition assessment and delivery represent critical components of addressing the short-term and long-term health needs for these populations across the care continuum. This article provides a framework and reviews existing literature for the assessment of nutrition status and subsequent delivery of nutrition prescriptions in CMC and children with CCI. The specific aims are to (1) describe the epidemiology of health services experience for CMC and children with CCI, with a focus on their nutrition outcomes; (2) detail how to assess their nutrition status and energy requirements; (3) review methods of delivery of the nutrient prescription; (4) introduce perioperative considerations; (5) highlight examples of special populations of CMC and children with CCI; and (6) propose future research initiatives to improve nutrition and overall outcomes for these populations.

Going beyond dichotomous political discourses about children’s participation and voice: unfolding the complexities of children’s needs in and around supervised contact in Denmark

ABSTRACT This article presents the first results of a Danish research project Supervised Contact: Support and sustainable development in vulnerable children’s everyday life (SOUL) (2023–2026). Supervised contact (SC) takes place when contact between children in out-of-home care and their parents is considered important but where the parents are not capable of taking responsibility for the contact by themselves without the risk of violating the child’s best interest. Based on qualitative data deriving from practice research seminars and interview studies, we analyse and discuss the complexities of children’s needs in and around SC. A major point is that there is a need to strengthen collaborative practices supporting children in making sense of SC and the relationship to their parents. This need goes beyond dichotomous political discourses in Denmark currently projecting a contradiction between children’s and parents’ right to participation and voice: a contradiction which may reinforce the child’s experience of being positioned in a conflict of interest and loyalty. Avoiding this is of great importance for the child’s experience of genuine participation and voice in SC and for the capacity of social work to promote empowerment and democratic participation.

Posyandu's Contribution to Reducing Stunting Prevalence in the Community

The general background stunting is a health problem that can reduce the quality of human resources, and the role of posyandu is very important in its management. Specific background this research focuses on Wunut Village in Porong District, where the prevalence of stunting is a major concern. Knowledge Gap: Although many studies on stunting exist, the specific role of posyandu in the local context has been less explored. Aims this study to analyze the role of posyandu in reducing the prevalence of stunting in Wunut Village. Results this study posyandu as a motivator, facilitator, and mobilizer in increasing community awareness and access to health services related to stunting. Posyandu has successfully invited the community to actively participate in health activities and provided services such as growth monitoring and distribution of nutritional supplements. Novelty this research highlights the tangible contributions of posyandu in the local context, providing new insights into community-based approaches to addressing stunting. Implications these findings indicate the importance of strengthening posyandu as a health institution in stunting reduction efforts and the need for continuous support from the government and community to enhance the effectiveness of health programs. Highlights: Posyandu serves as a motivator, encouraging community participation in health activities. Facilitates access to basic health services and nutritional support for mothers and children. Highlights the importance of community-based approaches in addressing stunting issues. Keywords: Posyandu, Stunting, Community Health, Nutritional Support, Health Services

Will power serve for oneself or others? An exploratory study toward 6‐ to 9‐year‐old Chinese children

AbstractThis study investigated Chinese children's perspectives on the use of power and the prediction of these perspectives on their resource allocation. The sample included a total of 145 children from two primary schools in Mainland China (68 males, 77 females), with 70 in the younger group (Mage = 6.89, SD = 0.37, ranging from 6.08 to 7.67 years) and 75 in the older group (Mage = 9.03, SD = 0.55, ranging from 8.08 to 9.92 years). To explore the power perspective of children, they were presented a character who was ‘in charge’ and used his/her power to serve themselves or others. The results showed that children aged 6–9 years were more inclined to approve ‘bosses’ who used power for others' benefit, indicating children's support for benevolent power use, especially among 8–9‐year‐olds. Additionally, the study revealed that children who approved of benevolent power use tended to allocate more resources to others when possessing power, a behaviour not observed in 6–7‐year‐olds. This finding, more or less, indicated a correlation between children's perspectives on the use of power and their behaviour in allocating resources. These results demonstrate the importance of promoting a rational understanding of power use among children.Highlights All children held the benevolent perspective of power use, which agreed that those in power should use power to serve others. Children aged 8–9 were more inclined to think a ‘boss’ should prioritize the interests of others over their own. Children aged 8–9 who supported the benevolent perspective of power use allocate more resources to others.

PDOC-09 EVALUATION OF HEALTH SERVICE DELAYS FOR CHILDREN WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS AT BUGANDO REFERRAL HOSPITAL MWANZA, TANZANIA

Abstract OBJECTIVE Rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation is crucial for children with central nervous system tumors (CNS). Despite advancement in diagnostic modalities, health service delays persist in many LMICs. The current study evaluates the diagnostic and treatment delays experienced by children presenting to a zonal referral hospital in Mwanza Tanzania, with the goal of identifying breakpoints that can be addressed to improve quality of care through a multidisciplinary approach. METHODS All children age <18yrs with a diagnosis of a CNS tumor from 2020-2023 were included in the analysis. Data was extracted from hospital electronic medical system and clinical files and included demographics, diagnosis, and dates at first presentation to the hospital, diagnosis, surgical intervention, oncology presentation and treatment initiation. Treatment initiation included either surgical resection, chemotherapy or radiotherapy. RESULTS A total of 50 patients were included in the evaluation, with average age of 6.4yrs and equal M: F representation. Most of the cases (80%, n=40) were primary CNS tumors, with 20% metastatic disease. Low grade Glioma (LGG) and high-grade Glioma (HGG) tumors were similarly distributed (n=19, n=21). Among those who had a tumor resection, 56% (n=18) were completed before initial oncology evaluation. Delays were frequently experienced, with the average time from presentation to neurosurgery evaluation of 166 days, time to diagnosis of 121 days, time to oncology evaluation of 139 days, and time to treatment initiation of 127 days. 1yr overall survival for LGG was 67% (n=12/18) and 36% (n=8/22) for HGG, with a treatment abandonment rate of 38% overall (n=19/50). CONCLUSIONS There is significant delay in accessing services for patients presenting with CNS tumors. A multidisciplinary approach and social support of children with CNS tumor is necessary to facilitate early diagnosis and timely treatment to improve quality of care and leads to a higher survival rate.

A Study of Intergenerational Support and the Health Relationship of the Elderly Population: Evidence from CHARLS

BackgroundCurrently, the relationship of intergenerational support on health is mainly focused on physical health and mental health, and there are fewer studies on the relationship of intergenerational support on self-assessed health. Therefore, this paper discusses and analyzes the possible relationship of intergenerational support on the self-assessed health of older adults in terms of the bidirectional support of various forms of support between older parents and their adult children in terms of financial, living, and emotional support(CHARLS). MethodsThis study was conducted on participants aged 65 and over, using the CHARLS 2020 survey, involving 6359 (3069 men and 3290 women) elderly people.Health was measured in three dimensions: physical, psychological, and self-assessment; intergenerational support was measured in three dimensions: financial, life care, and spiritual comfort; and regression models analyzed the relationship between intergenerational support and the health of the elderly population. ResultsChildren's life care support ( p<0.05) had a significant positive association on physiological health, but a significant negative association on the elderly's psychological and self-assessed health, children's spiritual comfort support (p<0.05) had a positive association on the elderly's physiological health, psychological health, and self-assessed health, and children's financial support (p<0.05) was positively correlated with the elderly's psychological, and children's financial support had a positive association, but not related to physical health and self-rated health of the elderly. ConclusionsThe relationship between intergenerational support and the health of the older population is complex, with life-care support significantly contributing to physical health but negatively affecting mental health and self-assessed health; spiritual comfort support positively affecting physical, mental and self-assessed health; and financial support having a primarily positive effect on mental health. Therefore, children should fully respect and utilise the ‘autonomy’ of the elderly when providing intergenerational support to the elderly in their families. It is also important to improve intergenerational communication abilities and skills, which will help to better understand and fulfil the needs of older people, thereby promoting their physical and mental health.

A scoping review of early childhood support for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in regional, rural and remote settings.

Many experts and communities have concerns about how National Disability Insurance Scheme services are provided to Aboriginal and Torres Strait children. This study was undertaken at the request of the NPY Women's Council in partnership with the researchers, to explore supports for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living with a disability in their remote areas. This scoping review aims to (a) explore the barriers and enablers to accessing disability support services for families of young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children (0-8 years) living in regional, rural and remote settings, and (b) summarise best practice approaches for accessing support for young children in these settings. The search was run in three electronic databases, as well as grey literature sources. We assessed the quality of included publications using the Centre of Research Excellence in Aboriginal Chronic Disease Knowledge Translation and Exchange tool. A narrative synthesis was supported by thematic analysis. From an initial search (557 citations), we identified 13 eligible documents. Most documents were peer-reviewed articles of qualitative studies. Key themes identified included the following: (1) Holistic approach, (2) Understanding disability, (3) Consistent relationships, (4), Flexibility, (5) Simplify system and (6) Enhance communication. This scoping review has revealed gaps in the provision of quality, culturally responsive disability services for families of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children living in regional, rural and remote areas of Australia. A family-centred, flexible approach will help address their needs. Future research is required to design and evaluate models of care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.

Low-intensity parent- and clinician-delivered support for young autistic children in Aotearoa New Zealand: a randomised controlled trial

Aotearoa New Zealand does not provide publicly-funded intensive autism support. While parent-mediated supports are promising, children and families may also benefit from direct clinician support. We tested the efficacy of a low-intensity programme involving parent- and clinician-delivered support for autistic children. This single-blind, two-arm randomised controlled trial assessed outcomes of a six-month low-intensity parent- and clinician-delivered support (2-3h per week) based on the Early Start Denver Model compared to a control group who received monthly support calls and assistance with referrals. Children aged 1-4.5 years who were autistic or showing signs of autism and their parents were randomised to the low-intensity or control group by a blinded statistician using the Urn minimisation method. Assessments were conducted at baseline and immediately following the support period (24-weeks post-baseline). The primary outcome was child engagement during an interaction with their parent. The trial was pre-registered with ANZCTR: U1111-1260-2529. From March 2021 to May 2023, 56 families were randomised to either the low-intensity or control group. Following drop-outs, 21 families in the low-intensity group and 24 in the control group were included in analysis. There was large and significantly greater improvement in children's engagement in the low-intensity group compared to the control group (F (1, 43)=21.47, p<0.0001, ηp 2=0.33). There was one recorded adverse event unrelated to the support and two adverse effects related to the support. A low-intensity parent- and clinician-delivered support can improve engagement between an autistic child and their parent during play. Low-intensity supports may be beneficial in areas where access to clinical autism supports is limited. Emerging Researcher First Grant from the Health Research Council of New Zealand.

The mediating effects of parental hope and psychological resilience on social support and decision conflict in children with hypospadias

IntroductionThe most common congenital genital abnormality of the urinary system in infants is hypospadias; its frequency is rising to 0.33 percent globally. Surgical reconstruction is the most effective treatment for hypospadias. Parents, as surrogate decision-makers for children, frequently experience decision-making conflicts when making decisions. Stress is neither a straightforward stimulus nor a simple response. However, a stressor (stimulus) caused by life events and influenced by numerous intermediate factors including personality, social support, and psychosomatic symptoms or diseases is a multi-factor process of stress response (response) . The surgical decision conflict of parents of children with hypospadias is a type of stress response, and social support may have an effect on parents' hope, psychological resilience, and decision conflict, with hope and psychological resilience serving as mediators between social support and decision conflict. AimTo investigate the structural relationship between parental social support, hope, psychological resilience, and parents decision conflict in children with hypospadias. Study DesignA cross-sectional design was used to collect the data of 210 parents of children with hypospadias from Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital from April 2022 to March 2023. ResultsSocial support indirectly affects decision conflict through hope and psychological resilience, with a total effect of -0.224 (P<0.05), DiscussionDecision conflicts and regret can be reduced if medical professionals provide adequate and clear information, decision assistance, and meet support requirements during the decision-making process. Improving the level of psychological resilience, hope, and social support among parents of children with hypospadias is a crucial strategy for reducing the level of decision conflict they experience. In the process of making surgical decisions for children with hypospadias, the more sufficient social support from relatives, friends, and medical staff can stimulate their hope, boost their belief in the success of surgery, and the greater their psychological resilience, the more effectively decision conflict can be reduced. Some potential limitations of this study should be considered. Firstly, this study was a cross-sectional survey design. It may have some limitations in providing causal relationships between selected variables. Second, the survey investigated only one hospital, which reduces the generalizability of the findings. ConclusionThe data support the proposed model and confirm the structural relationship among the four study variables. This study provides new information on the mediating role of hope and psychological resilience between social support and decision-making conflict.

Perinatal risk factors and neurocognitive outcomes in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease.

The literature on cognitive and academic outcomes for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) who experience perinatal risk factors is limited. We aimed to evaluate if low birthweight (LBW), gestational age, and history of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission were associated with neurocognitive functioning, grade retention, or receipt of early intervention or formal educational support in children with SCD. This prospective birth cohort study included 336 participants, ages 8-18, with SCD, who received cognitive testing as part of standard of care and whose caregivers completed behavioral rating scales. Multivariable generalized linear regression models were used to examine associations between perinatal risks and outcome variables, after adjusting for demographic and medical covariates. The prevalence of NICU admission and LBW were 12.03% and 13.50%, respectively. Lower birthweight, earlier gestational age, and NICU admission were associated with worse working memory performance and receipt of early intervention services. Lower birthweight and NICU admission were also associated with slower processing speed. History of NICU admission was associated with caregiver ratings of hyperactivity and emotional dysregulation. The effects of perinatal risk factors on neurocognitive, academic, or educational outcomes were not dependent on SCD genotype. History of LBW or NICU admission was associated with worse cognitive outcomes and increased use of early intervention services among children with SCD. Early identification of perinatal risk factors will help identify children who will benefit from formal developmental or neuropsychological evaluations to manage the comorbidity of SCD and perinatal risks and facilitate increased intervention.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support for children with pulmonary hypertension: A single-institutional experience of outcomes.

Pediatric pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) can present with a wide spectrum of disease severity. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) crises can lead to acute decompensation requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, including extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). We evaluated outcomes for pediatric PH patients requiring ECMO. A single-institution retrospective review of pediatric PAH patients with World Symposium on PH (WSPH) groups 1 and 3 requiring ECMO cannulation from 2010 through 2022 (n = 20) was performed. Primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were survival to decannulation and 1-year survival. Of 20 ECMO patients, 16 (80%) survived to decannulation and 8 (40%) survived to discharge and 1 year follow up. Of three patients who had two ECMO runs; none survived. There were five patients who had eCPR for the first run; one survived to discharge. The univariate logistic regression model showed that venovenous ECMO was associated with better survival to hospital discharge than venoarterial ECMO, (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.01-0.86, p = 0.046). PH medications (administered before, during, or after ECMO) were not associated with survival to discharge. For children with decompensated PAH requiring ECMO, mortality rate is high, and management is challenging. While VA ECMO is the main configuration for decompensated PH, VV ECMO could be considered if there is adequate ventricular function, presence of a systemic to pulmonary shunt, or an intercurrent treatable illness to improve survival to discharge. A multidisciplinary approach with requisite expertise should be utilized on a case-by-case basis until more reliable data is available to predict outcomes.

Maternal Mental Health Spillovers From Child Illness and Disability: A Dynamic Panel Analysis

ObjectivesThere is growing recognition of the consequences of a person’s health and illness experience for the health and wider welfare of those close to them. However, estimation of these health spillovers is challenging. This study adopts a longitudinal approach to examine maternal mental health spillovers associated with various forms of child illness and disability. MethodsDynamic panel models are used in estimating maternal mental health spillovers related to 7 subcategories of chronic child illness and disability. In particular, we use longitudinal data from the Growing Up in Ireland study and a system generalized method of moments approach. We also consider heterogeneity in these spillovers by the severity of the child’s illness/disability and by household deprivation. ResultsWe find that a child’s experience of chronic nervous system conditions and chronic mental and behavioral disorders are associated with 10.8 and 5.1 percentage point increases in the probability of maternal depression, respectively. Similar associations were not observed for other health conditions. Spillover magnitude is also found to be strongly related to illness/disability severity. Finally, subsample analyses reveal a larger association between severe child illness and maternal depression among deprived households. ConclusionsThis analysis, in observing health spillovers related to certain disease categories but not others, draws further attention to their context specificity. Our findings also further corroborate calls for inclusion of caregiver and family member outcomes in the economic evaluation of child health services and support consensus guidelines for collection of these outcomes alongside patient outcomes in clinical trials.

The Safe Environment for Every Kid Model in the Swedish Child Health Services: Adoption and Introduction in a Healthcare Region.

Early support for children and families in need can improve children's health and development. In a Swedish region, a new working model called Safe Environment for Every Kid (SEEK) was introduced in the Child Health Services to facilitate the early identification of psychosocial risk factors. The aim of this study was to describe the adoption and introduction of the SEEK model in the Child Health Services of Region Jönköping County. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, whereas qualitative data were analysed separately by a thematic approach. The results were then interpreted together with documents (including CHS management meeting notes and documents describing planning and training sessions) using an exploratory mixed-methods approach to give a comprehensive description of the adoption and introduction of the SEEK model. The results show that the SEEK model improved coordination and collaboration, which led to better integrated care for children and families. The structure was regarded as supportive when introducing the SEEK model in Child Health Services. The questionnaire, as part of the SEEK model, was used in 88% of possible health visits. The most reported reason for not using it was a lack of time. The desire to make a difference and thereby promote better health and development for children was a crucial factor for the nurses in adopting the SEEK model in their clinical practice. The design using coaches was also appreciated and supported the adoption and introduction of the SEEK model. Parents and healthcare professionals did not contribute to the research process. The results are based on dialogues between CHS nurses and parents after the parents filled in the SEEK questionnaire, providing an understanding of professional relationships when dealing with challenging issues.

223P Mental health support for children and young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy – who, when and how across the UK

223P Mental health support for children and young people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy – who, when and how across the UK

과거 양육비청구권의 소멸시효 - 대법원 2024. 7. 18. 자 2018스724 전원합의체 결정 -

Supreme Court Decision 2008su67 on July 29, 2011 held that that a past child support claim was not a property right for the caregiver to exercise that right until it was established as a concrete claim for payment by the agreement of the parties or by a judgment of the Family Court, and therefore there is no scope for the extinctive prescription to run in this regard. However, there were criticism against this precedent. However, the Supreme Court en banc decision 2018su724 on July 18, 2024 overruled the precedent and held that the right to seek payment of past child support for a child between a divorced couple while the child is still a minor does not run due to the nature of the right unless the scope and content of the specific claim are determined by the agreement of the parties or by a judgment of the Family Court, but when the child reaches the age of majority and the parenting obligation ends, the extinctive prescription of the right to seek payment of past child support for the child should be deemed to run from the time the child reaches the age of majority. A concurring opinion of this decision argued that the right of a caregiver to support a minor child alone and then seek reimbursement of the expenses from the other party constitutes a right that is subject to the extinctive prescription even before the agreement or judgment. The dissenting opinion of the five justices argued that the precedent that the statute of limitations had no place to run on past child support claims was valid and should be upheld, and that they could not agree with the view that the statute of limitations runs from the time the child reaches the age of majority. In my opinion, the claim of the past child support should be considered to be subject to the extinctive prescription even before the agreement or judgment. The contrary view asserts that it is an abstract legal status and not a property right, so it is not subject to the extinctive prescription. However, it cannot be said that a right is not subject to the extinctive prescription just because it is abstract. Nor it cannot be said that the family law right be subject to the the extinctive prescription. The most important reason of the majority opinion is that that it would not be in the child's best interest to assume that the the extinctive prescription had run. However, once the law provides for the the extinctive prescription for rights, the application of the the extinctive prescription of such rights should not be denied without special grounds. On the other hand, there is also the problem of logical consistency in the majority opinion. The majority opinion argues that the statute of limitations does not run on past claims for child support against a minor child because they are abstract and indeterminate, but the mere fact that the minor child has reached the age of majority does not make it determinate.

Child Support Right In The Human Rights Perspective

Introduction: The provision of Article 28 B paragraph (2) and Article 28 D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia can be stated as the philosophical basis for children's rights on viability, growth, and development; and the rights to protection from violence and discrimination; as well as the rights to recognition, assurance, fair legal protection, and certainty, as well as equal treatment in front of the law.Purposes of the Research: To find out that every regulation related to child support rights from the human rights perspective should refer to the philosophical basis of the nation that is Article 28 B paragraph (2) and Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia. The focus of the legal problem in this study is child support rights from the human rights perspective.Methods of the Research: The juridical normative method with statute approach, conceptual approach, constitutional approach, and Comparative approach is used as the research methodology in this study.Results of the Research: However, with the implementation of Article 28 B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of Republic of Indonesia that placed the State, Government, and Regional Governments are obliged to ensure the protection, care, and welfare of the children by paying attention to the rights and obligations of the parents, guardians or other people who legally responsible to the children. The provision of that Article asserts that the problem of children's protection is not only the responsibility of their parents, but also has become the responsibility of the state, government, and regional government. Therefore, it can be concluded that the post-divorce child maintenance rulings in Malaysia are better than those in Indonesia, as the implementation of child maintenance rulings in Malaysia is monitored by the BSK, which is a part of the Court responsible for handling all matters related to child support.