Administrative Support Research Articles

Clinicians’ perspectives of immersive tools in clinical mental health settings: a systematic scoping review

BackgroundVirtual Reality in mental health treatment has potential to address a wide spectrum of psychological and neurocognitive disorders. Despite the proven benefits, integration into clinical practice faces significant challenges. There is a critical need for research into clinicians’ perceptions of virtual reality due to the gap between rapid technological advancements and their adoption in mental health services.MethodA scoping review was conducted to comprehensively understand clinicians’ perspectives on the application of immersive virtual reality technologies within mental health settings. 4 data bases were searched, from inception, with the search areas of clinicians’, technology, perspectives and mental health. The scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR checklist. All results were thematically analysed to identify and categorise themes with a focus on qualitative analyses of clinicians’ experiences and perceptions of VR applications in therapeutic contexts.Results17 articles were selected, encompassing a range of mental health settings. The findings indicate that the integration of VR in clinical environments is heavily influenced by clinicians’ knowledge and experience, with unfamiliarity often leading to scepticism. Positive attitudes towards VR, bolstered by direct experience and training, were found to drive acceptance, as clinicians’ acknowledged its potential to complement traditional therapies. However, there are still gaps in understanding VR’s therapeutic applications, particularly concerning its impact on human interaction and its suitability for specific patient groups. Balancing VR’s clinical benefits with ethical and safety concerns is crucial, especially when working with vulnerable populations. Furthermore, structural and administrative support is essential to overcoming the financial and logistical challenges of VR implementation, ensuring its safe and effective integration into mental health care.ConclusionWhile VR holds significant potential for enhancing mental health care, its successful integration into clinical practice necessitates addressing existing gaps in knowledge, training, and structural support. By carefully balancing its clinical benefits with ethical, practical, and safety considerations, VR can be effectively utilised as a valuable tool in mental health treatment, providing innovative solutions while ensuring that patient care remains paramount.

The Influence of Policy Investment on the Sustainable Development of Universities in Underdeveloped Regions: An Empirical Analysis of China’s Higher Education Landscape

The regional disparity in higher education development is critical for the sustainable advancement of the national education system. To address this issue, the Chinese government has implemented targeted support policies for higher education in underdeveloped regions, with the “Ministry-Province Co-construction Policy” serving as a notable example. This study investigates the impact of such policies on the development of universities in China’s underdeveloped central and western regions. First, the study analyzes policy documents to identify six primary policy pathways through high-frequency word extraction, social semantic analysis, and path integration. These policy pathways are quantified using representative indicators, which constitute the independent variables of the study. Second, by employing the framework of modern university functions, the study develops a sustainable development indicator system for higher education institutions. The performance scores for the sustainable development of 14 universities, derived using the entropy method, serve as the dependent variables. The study subsequently measures the effects of individual and combined policy pathways through two equations. The results indicate that some pathways are more effective than others. While all combined policy pathways yield positive effects, an excessive number of combinations can lead to diminishing returns. Finally, the study elucidates the measurement results, emphasizing that effective pathways highlight the essential roles of faculty, research, and teaching. Conversely, less effective pathways stem from inadequate inputs or slow responses. Although combined policy pathways generally exert positive impacts, an overabundance of combinations can dilute these benefits. The study suggests that administrative support for higher education in underdeveloped regions is advantageous. It underscores the necessity of distinguishing between more and less effective input methods, concentrating on resource allocation, and ensuring universities’ autonomy in utilizing support resources to achieve sustainable development in higher education within these regions.

Health care workers’ knowledge and perceptions on WHO hand hygiene guidelines, and the perceived barriers to compliance with hand hygiene in Cyprus

BackgroundHand hygiene (HH) is recognized as an important measure to avoid the transmission of harmful germs, and assists significantly in preventing healthcare-associated infections. HH compliance among health care workers (HCWs) is a result of their knowledge and perceptions.AimTo investigate the knowledge and perceptions of WHO hand hygiene guidelines among HCWs, and the perceived barriers to compliance with hand hygiene in a major public hospital in Cyprus.MethodsA descriptive correlational study was conducted in September of 2019. The target population was all of the HCWs in Nicosia General Hospital (N = 1,386). The final sample consisted of 820 participants (119 physicians, 613 nurses, 27 physiotherapists, 59 ward assistants, 2 unidentified). This study used the HH knowledge and perception questionnaire that was developed by the WHO.ResultsThe results revealed that the average percentage score for knowledge among our sample was 61%, and statistically significant differences were observed among HCWs with regard to certain questions. It was found that HCWs, in most of their responses, presented high percentages of correct answers regarding their perceptions on hand hygiene guidelines but several perceived barriers to compliance on HH guidelines were identified as well.ConclusionsKnowledge and perceptions of HH guidelines among HCWs were moderate and good respectively. In addition, several perceived barriers to compliance on HH recommendations were identified. HH education is recognized as an important tool for removing these barriers but the recommended HH strategy should be multi-modal and consider local resources, administrative support and barriers to compliance with HH.

Conservative fluid resuscitation protocol does not reduce the incidence of reoperation for bleeding after emergency CABG

Reoperation for bleeding (ROB) after emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (eCABG) has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality. Consecutively, the influence of fluid intake, fluid output, fluid balance, blood loss, and inotropic demand on ROB were analyzed. This retrospective single-center study included 265 patients undergoing eCABG between 2011 and 2020. From 2018, postoperative hemodynamic management was performed with lower volume administration and higher vasoactive support. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of ROB within 48 h according to altered fluid resuscitation strategy. Consecutively, the influence of fluid intake, fluid output, fluid balance, blood loss, and inotropic demand on ROB were analyzed. Incidence of ROB was independent from the volume resuscitation protocol (P = .3). The ROB group had a higher perioperative risk, which was observed in EuroSCORE II. Fluid intake (P = .021), fluid balance (P = .001), and norepinephrine administration (P = .004) were associated with ROB. Fluid output and blood loss were not associated with ROB (P = .22). Post-test probability was low among all variables. Although fluid management might have an impact on specific postoperative complications, different fluid resuscitation protocols did not alter the incidence of ROB after emergency CABG.Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT04533698; date of registration: August 31, 2020 (retrospectively registered due to nature of the study); URL: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04533698

The Role of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Promoting Environmental Sustainability Among Students in Light of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030

Education for sustainable development aims to develop students' awareness of sustainability issues and foster their attitudes towards environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The study aimed to identify the role of Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in promoting environmental sustainability among its students, in line with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. A descriptive analytical approach was used, with a sample of 341 university students. The study found that faculty members ranked first in promoting sustainability, followed by curricula, student activities, and university administration. The most important ways to activate the university's role in promoting sustainability from students' perspectives were rated as very important. Statistically significant differences were found between the sample's responses, with females expressing more support in university administration. Academic specialization also influenced responses, with scientific specializations showing more favor in university administration, faculty members, and curricula. The researchers made several recommendations based on the findings.

Nutritional Optimization for Brain Health in Contact Sports: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids and Neurofilament Light

Accumulating evidence has highlighted the acute and chronic impact of repetitive subconcussive head impacts (rSHIs) in contact sports. Neurofilament-light (Nf-L), a brain-derived biomarker of neuroaxonal injury, elevates in concert with rSHI. Recently, long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC ω-3 PUFAs) supplementation has been suggested to mitigate brain injury from rSHI as reflected by attenuation of Nf-L concentrations within contact sport athletes. Using a systematic review with a meta-analysis, we aimed to determine the effect of LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation on Nf-L concentrations in athletes routinely exposed to rSHI. Electronic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) were searched from inception through January 2024. One-stage meta-analysis of individual participant-level data was used to detect changes in Nf-L concentrations between LC ω-3 PUFA and control/placebo (PL) groups from baseline to midseason (MS) and postseason (PS). Least square means (±SE) for Nf-L change from baseline were compared by treatment group for MS/PS using contrast t tests. Significance was set a priori at adjusted P ≤ 0.05. Of 460 records identified, 3 studies in collegiate American football players (n = 179; LC ω-3 PUFA = 105, PL = 71) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with PL, the change in Nf-L concentrations was statistically similar at MS [mean difference (MD) = –1.66 ± 0.82 pg·mL–1, adjusted P = 0.09] and significantly lower at PS (MD = –2.23 ± 0.83 pg·mL–1, adjusted P = 0.02) in athletes following LC ω-3 PUFA supplementation. Our findings demonstrate preliminary support for the prophylactic administration of LC ω-3 PUFA in contact sport athletes exposed to rSHI; however, further research is required to determine the effective dosage required.This trial was registered at OSF (DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EY5QW).

Digital Public Services in Indonesia Show High Satisfaction and Adaptation Challenges Remain

General background: Public service is an essential function of government, aimed at fulfilling citizen needs through the provision of goods, services, and administrative support in accordance with regulations. Effective public service requires continuous bureaucratic reforms. Specific background: Lemujut Village, in collaboration with the Population and Civil Registration Service of Sidoarjo Regency, introduced the Online Service (Plavon) application to improve population administration and civil registration services. However, the effectiveness of the Plavon application remains underexplored. Knowledge gap: There is limited research on the effectiveness of digital public service platforms like Plavon in rural Indonesian settings, particularly in terms of productivity, efficiency, satisfaction, and adaptability. Aims: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Plavon application in improving public service quality in Lemujut Village by analyzing five key elements: productivity, efficiency, satisfaction, adaptation, and development. Results: Findings indicate that productivity is high, with Plavon operators following procedures and maintaining public trust. However, efficiency is lacking, as some administrative processes fail to meet service time standards. Community satisfaction is notably high at 98.98%, but adaptation to digital services remains suboptimal due to inadequate socialization. Development efforts, such as coordinating via WhatsApp and establishing a call center, show significant progress. Novelty: This study provides a detailed evaluation of the Plavon application’s impact on village-level public services, highlighting the role of digitalization in improving service delivery while identifying challenges in community adaptation and efficiency. Implications: The findings suggest the need for enhanced socialization of digital services and continued development of digital infrastructure to ensure equitable access and efficiency in rural public services. Highlights: High public satisfaction, but service delays persist. Digital adaptation slow due to lack of community awareness. Effective coordination boosts service improvement efforts. Keywords: Public service, digital platform, Plavon, effectiveness, rural Indonesia

Assessment Of Effective Factors In E-Learning at Islamic Azad University

The rapid growth of information and communication technology has brought significant changes to the performance of education globally through the use of learning management systems facilitated by e-learning in higher education institutions. Despite perceived advantages such as flexible and widespread access, e-learning still faces challenges like identifying the needs of students, faculty, and staff, as well as delivering quality courses. Furthermore, there is a lack of assessment of existing e-learning initiatives and the determination of critical success factors for quality. This necessitates further research into e-learning practices to fill the identified gaps. This study presents a model for assessing the quality of e-learning systems by modifying and expanding existing frameworks for quality learning with other models and frameworks. A descriptive and exploratory research approach was employed using a cross-sectional survey of 180 respondents from Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews using stratified sampling methods. The validity of the conceptual model was assessed using structural equation modeling and regression analysis. This study revealed that course design, content support, administrative support, user characteristics, organizational factors, and social support impact quality. This research has contributed to the body of knowledge from theoretical, methodological, and practical perspectives.

Evaluating implementation of a hospital-based cancer registry to improve childhood cancer care in low- and middle-income countries.

Cancer is a leading cause of global childhood mortality, affecting 400,000 children annually. While treatable with modern therapies, children living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have limited access to care and lower survival rates. Hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) collect detailed patient information to critically evaluate and evolve care. The St. Jude Global Childhood Cancer Analytics Resource and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SJCARES) is a cloud-based HBCR network facilitating quality data collection of pediatric cancer. Wide variation in the success of implementation has warranted further research into the implementation approach, to create a sustainable and adaptable HBCR in LMICs. Seven of 89 sites using the SJCARES registry were selected, stratified by global region and stage of implementation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key groups (clinicians, administrators, data clerks) using an interview guide developed from the Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Interviews were conducted via a video-telephone software program and transcribed by a transcription service. Transcripts were thematically coded using rapid qualitative analysis. A total of 18 participants (11 clinicians, 4 administrators, 3 data clerks) were interviewed. Several barrier themes were identified, including: difficulty integrating the registry into existing workflow; lack of resources; lack of government or administrative support; and damaged, misplaced, or illegible medical records. Facilitator themes were identified, including: internal support for the registry; clear and extensive training; and dedicated support staff. Interviewed participants identified key barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the SJCARES registry across multiple phases. We plan to use these results to develop targeted implementation strategies including a readiness assessment tool to help guide more successful implementation of the SJCARES registry and other HBCRs in LMICs.

Development and Validation of the Pre-Service Teacher Online Teaching Motivation Scale (PST-OTMS)

The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate the Pre-Service Teacher Online Teaching Motivation Scale (PST-OTMS), a survey instrument designed to reliably measure motivational constructs related to online teaching and learning in pre-service teachers. Due to increasing opportunities to teach within online learning contexts where challenges were magnified during the COVID-19 pandemic, a reliable and valid instrument is needed to measure such motivational constructs. The Pre-Service Teacher Online Teaching Motivation Survey (PST-OTMS) underwent a thorough validation process resulting in a 31-item survey aimed at assessing pre-service teacher motivation for online teaching across four dimensions: (1) pre-service teacher self-efficacy for online teaching, (2) pre-service teacher perceptions of online teaching and learning, (3) online teaching professionalism, and (4) pre-service teacher anticipated administrative support for online teaching. The PST-OTMS demonstrated strong reliability and validity within the research context. Future research aims to widely administer the PST-OTMS to explore reliability and validity within additional settings and with a more diverse demographic.

Perceptions of lived in experiences of healthcare workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in a tertiary Care hospital: A perspective from Pakistan.

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of frontline Healthcare Workers (HCWs) towards managing COVID-19 in Tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. This qualitative exploratory study was conducted from January to May 2021 at a Tertiary care hospital designated for COVID-19 patients in Rawalpindi Pakistan. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted from twenty six HCWs. To acquire a sample that was diverse in terms of professional capacity, degree of experience and exposure, purposive sampling technique was used. After thematic analysis, themes were generated by identifying patterns among codes. Five themes emerged. All HCWs experienced significant amount of negative emotions including fear, uncertainty, imposing social distancing and workload. There were also positive experiences such as rewarding, call of duty and professional growth. HCWs experiences related to personal protective equipment (PPE) were communication issues, physical and dermatological issues, reuse and working confidently while wearing PPE. HCWs were buoyed by cooperation and facilitation, trainings and health education from administration. Coping mechanisms were used such as seeking team support, adjusting cognition to deal with reality and resorting to religion. Negative emotions predominated in the beginning and positive emotions emerged gradually. PPE and administrative support played significant role. HCWs' mental health was maintained in part by their self-coping styles. The findings of this study can be employed to inform and enhance future pandemic response initiatives.

Mediating Effect of Administrative Support on Transformational Leadership Style and Work Satisfaction Among Public Elementary School Teachers

Mediating Effect of Administrative Support on Transformational Leadership Style and Work Satisfaction Among Public Elementary School Teachers

College Students as Participants in Our Democracy

Low rates of voter engagement characteristic of the college-age demographic are determined by a host of factors. These factors vary according to geography, demographic variables, and individual inclinations. Those who strive to strengthen our democracy through increasing access to our political system confront many challenges, and there exists no “one-size-fits-all” approach. College campuses, where young voters obviously congregate in large numbers, provide a primary access point for democratic engagement efforts. Institutions of higher education are compelled to respond to the federal mandate put forth by the Higher Education Act to provide information on voter registration. Anecdotal information suggests a greatly varied response to this call. A sample of campus programs attempting to engage college and university voters are presented here, demonstrated by peer-based actions in 1) an institute for civic and community engagement in St. Louis, Missouri, 2) a public policy center in Indianola, Iowa, 3) an intensive interdisciplinary curricular experience in Oswego, New York, and 4) a broad-based voter education initiative in Springfield, Missouri. They differ greatly in terms of funding sources, campus positions of their administrating personnel, curricular versus co-curricular actions, and the degree of administrative support to mobilize and engage members of the campus community. In addition, participating students learn to recognize the agency they wield in molding the political world they want to experience and are more likely to continue their civic engagement post-graduation.

Adjustment and campus friendliness for international students studying in the United States

International students are an increasingly important population in the United States, growing in both size and contributions. While research has outlined challenges encountered by international students and the importance of campus climate, little research has defined and empirically assessed the friendliness of college and university campuses toward international students from the students’ perspectives, which was the aim of the current study. Universities with large international student populations were invited to distribute a survey that included the International Friendly Campus Scale (IFCS; Wang, et al., 2014) and two open-ended questions about students’ positive and negative experiences. The sample included 938 international students from eight universities in the United States, of which 622 and 566 students answered the first and second open-ended questions, respectively. Through thematic analyses of the open-ended questions, this study identified factors that international students find most helpful for their cross-cultural adjustment in addition to aspects of their campuses that could be improved. Results suggest that helpful factors for international student adjustment include social support, events, campus resources, access to shared and diverse cultures, an inclusive environment, language fluency and opportunities for learning, and individual characteristics. Areas of improvement include increased events and socialization, better communication, a more welcoming attitude toward diversity, improved administrative support, more financial support, and decreased discrimination. Additionally, correlation and group comparisons were used to assess international students’ perception of campus climate and compare patterns between different demographic groups. Practical suggestions based on these results are also discussed.

Enhancing the physician-scientist workforce: evaluating a mentored research program for medical students' research competencies and intentions.

The growing recognition of the need to incorporate scientific discoveries into healthcare decisions underscores an urgency for a robust physician-scientist workforce to advance translational research. Despite the correlation between medical students' research engagement and their academic productivity and success, significant gaps remain in the scientific workforce exacerbated by the "leaky pipeline" phenomenon from medical school to academic medicine, where potential physician-scientists veer away from research careers.The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a structured mentored research program for enhancing medical students' research competencies and sustaining their interest in research careers, thereby potentially enhancing the physician-scientist workforce. The Medical Student Research Program (MSRP) implemented at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) was designed to provide comprehensive research training and support to medical students through a series of structured lectures, mentorship by dedicated faculty, and administrative support for research activities. Students were surveyed upon enrollment and one year later to assess the change in research competencies from baseline to follow-up (paired samples t-test), students' intent to use research in clinical practice (paired samples t-test), and their intent to conduct research in the future (McNemar's test and McNemar Bowker test). Preliminary evaluations indicated that the MSRP enhanced students' research competencies and has the potential to enhance medical students' research skills. However, similar to national trends, there was a decrease in students' intentions to engage with research in their future clinical career. Our preliminary findings demonstrate MSRP students' enhanced research competencies during the first year of the program. However, the decline in students' intentions to engage in future research highlights the need for continued innovation in research training programs to sustain future intent to conduct research, in turn helping to address the "leaky pipeline" in the physician-scientist workforce. Future studies should focus on mid and long-term outcomes to fully assess research program impact on the physician-scientist pipeline and on integrating such programs more broadly into medical education.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Treatment and Incidence of Pancreatitis.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an approved therapy for the management of various advanced neoplasms. Limited reviews focus on the influence of this therapy resulting in pancreatitis. This review discusses the relationship between ICIs and their effects on the pancreas, including the incidence of pancreatitis, immunotherapy, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptors, driver mutations, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and immune-related adverse events. Additionally, it focuses on the clinical presentations, diagnosis, case studies, and mechanisms by which ICIs activate different pathways to cause pancreatitis. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases to identify relevant studies on ICI-associated pancreatitis. The review explores the incidence and epidemiology of ICI-induced pancreatitis, its clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies.The overall incidence of ICI-induced pancreatitis is estimated at 1-2%, with higher rates observed in combination therapy. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic enzyme elevations to severe pancreatitis. Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical symptoms, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and imaging findings, with MRI and endoscopic ultrasound showing promise in early detection. Management strategies include IV fluid administration, pain control, and nutritional support. The efficacy of corticosteroids remains controversial, and alternative immunosuppressants are being explored for steroid-refractory cases. Long-term monitoring is crucial due to the risk of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic insufficiency. This review highlights the need for further research to elucidate the exact mechanisms of ICI-associated pancreatic injury, develop predictive biomarkers, and refine treatment protocols. As ICI use continues to expand, a thorough understanding of this adverse event is essential for optimizing patient care and outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.

Effects of surface acting on exhaustion of Korean school counselors

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of surface acting on exhaustion in Korean school counselors. Using the daily diary method with 223 school counselors, the study examined how maintaining a positive outward image through surface acting is related to job exhaustion. The results indicated that surface acting at both Level 1 and Level 2 positively affects exhaustion. Additionally, a supportive administrative climate negatively predicted exhaustion. Interestingly, the relationship between surface acting and exhaustion was found to be more pronounced when administrators were perceived as highly supportive, whereas this relationship was attenuated in the context of low administrative support. These findings highlight the complexity of emotional labor and the crucial role of administrative support in the well‐being of school counselors. Future research should further explore these dynamics to develop effective strategies for reducing burnout among school counselors.

Factors Influencing Teachers’ Engagement in Continuous Professional Development (CPD): A Case Study

Teachers in modern education face significant work challenges and must commit to continuous learning. Disruptive technological advancements require teachers to be digitally nimble and adaptive to constant changes. Educational institutions and schools must provide teachers with relevant resources for continuing professional development (CPD). Numerous past studies have shown that CPD is related to improved teaching practices and student learning outcomes. However, the success of CPD programs lies in teachers' engagement in the process. This case study explores the types of CPD activities available and investigates the factors influencing a Malaysian teacher's engagement in CPD. Malaysian teachers can access various CPD activities, including workshops, seminars, reading, and informal conversations with colleagues. The study also found that contextual and personal factors contribute to teachers' decision to participate in CPD activities. Contextual factors include available CPD opportunities, administrative and collegial support, and barriers to participation. Personal factors include teachers' preferences in learning approaches and their interest in particular topics. The features of CPD activities will affect teachers' perceptions of CPD and influence their engagement levels. These findings suggest redesigning CPD activities that promote a favourable perception of CPD and encourage engagement.

The system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in Ukraine

Based on the analysis of current legislation, available scientific, journalistic and methodological sources, the article clarifies the content of the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security in Ukraine. It is proposed that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security should be understood as a set of legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, public and other organizations and associations, and citizens who may participate in administrative and legal support of information security in accordance with the legislation regulating relations in the field of information security. It is established that the system of subjects of administrative and legal support of information security includes a wide range of structures of both state and non-state affiliation. The first group (state entities) is represented by the State represented by the President of Ukraine, legislative, executive and judicial bodies, which, having different competencies in the field of administrative and legal support of information security, perform key tasks and functions in it. The second group (non-state actors) can be divided into two subgroups. The first one includes society represented by legal entities, namely, commercial companies and non-governmental organizations (educational institutions, research institutes, research and analytical centers, etc.) The second group includes individuals (citizens) who may be directly involved in ensuring information security, represented by specialists, experts, information security consultants, etc. It is proposed to: include all non-state actors in the mechanism for implementing the goals and objectives of the Information Security Strategy; make the widest possible use of the capabilities of non-state actors in this area, and therefore intensify the involvement of citizens, public associations, organizations, etc. in solving the problem of information security; create an Interagency Commission on Information Security within the structure of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine.

The long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological well-being during COVID-19.

The COVID-19 outbreak led to widespread school closures and the shift to remote teaching, potentially resulting in lasting negative impacts on teachers' psychological well-being due to increased workloads and a perceived lack of administrative support. Despite the significance of these challenges, few studies have delved into the long-term effects of perceived instructional leadership on teachers' psychological health. To bridge this research gap, we utilized longitudinal data from 927 primary and secondary school teachers surveyed in two phases: Time 1 in mid-November 2021 and Time 2 in early January 2022. Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), our findings revealed that perceptions of instructional leadership, especially the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" at Time 1 were positively correlated with burnout levels at Time 2. Additionally, burnout at Time 2 was positively associated with psychological distress and acted as a mediator between the "perceived school neglect of teaching autonomy" and psychological distress. In light of these findings, we recommend that schools prioritize teachers' teaching autonomy and take proactive measures to mitigate burnout and psychological distress, aiming for the sustainable well-being of both teachers and students in the post-pandemic era.