Mission Support Research Articles

Citizens to Soldiers: Mobilization, Cost Perceptions, and Support for Military Action

Abstract Policymakers have long assumed, and scholars have long argued, that how a government raises military manpower affects public support for military action through two obvious mechanisms: the likelihood any given individual will be personally affected by the conflict, and the expected aggregate cost of the conflict. Increased costs are thought to cause the public to be more critical of the use of military force. But do they? We gain leverage on this question in the US context by employing a survey experiment that allows us both to compare reactions to a range of manpower policies—an all-volunteer standing force, conscription, and mobilization of the reserves—and to explicitly test multiple mechanisms—expectations of bearing personal cost, expectations of aggregate cost, and effects not explained by these cost expectations. Our results strongly suggest that manpower policies’ effects are not straightforward. Consistent with previous studies, we find that an expectation of conscription lowers public support for military action. Mobilization of the reserves, however, fails to diminish support, despite the fact that it should also affect more people and signal a larger conflict. While casualty estimates (proxy for scale) are negatively correlated with mission support, personal cost expectations are not. Furthermore, much of the variation between manpower treatments is not explained by either tested cost mechanism, suggesting a role for norms and values. These findings have implications for whether military manpower policies designed to impose political costs on policymakers are likely to work and for wider discussions of public support for military operations.

An unprecedented and large-scale support mission to assist residential care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic

SummaryBackgroundIn March 2020, COVID-19 cases occurred in residential care facilities. To assist these facilities, the regional health agency of the Meurthe-et-Moselle administrative district ordered a support mission.MethodsInfection prevention and control mobile teams were formed under the coordination of the infection prevention and control department (IPCD) of a university hospital. Teams went to residential care facilities for the elderly, to facilities for people with disabilities (FPD) and independent living communities (ILC). They visited the facilities and met with the management and the ward staff to assess the situation and to identify any potential support needs.ResultsOver two non-consecutive weeks, 104 residential care facilities were visited (9025 residents). If urgent needs were identified, the IPCD was directly informed by the teams to initiate an extensive assistance operation. Thereby, additional staff and equipment were provided for every facility in need. Although most of them had implemented good management to face the pandemic, four emergency field support operations took place in facilities with uncontrolled outbreaks.ConclusionsThis is the first reported support action for residential care facilities during the pandemic in France. As no major outbreaks were noticed later, this mission was deemed a success and met the residential care facilities' needs for support. Many facilities have expressed the need to cooperate with infection prevention and control specialists in the future, both during outbreaks, also in routine daily practice. This report highlights the need to maintain support for residential care facilities and to implement a permanent collaboration between hospitals and residential care facilities.

Book review: Supporting mission, students, and community

Book review: Supporting mission, students, and community

Strengthening Based Character Education Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah

The younger generation, which has recently experienced a decline in character, has been influenced by the very rapid development of technology. However, there is something different at Senior High School West Sumatra, where this school was only founded three years ago but has made many achievements. It doesn't stop there that in the eyes of the community around the school, the students have behavior that is said to be very polite or have character. This research aims to describe the character values ​​developed at SMA Negeri 3 West Sumatra, and the supporting factors and barriers to the realization of strengthening character education. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. Based on the results of this research, it shows that the Implementation of Strengthening Character Education based on the Basandi Syarak-syarak Basandi Kitabullah Traditional Character Education has been implemented at Senior High School West Sumatra based on, Implementation in learning subjects, Integrated in the learning process, Extracurricular, Boarding Education. Supporting factors for the realization of the program at Senior High School West Sumatra are the support of all teachers and education personnel, support from parents, other agencies, student awareness, pilot schools, boarding schools, support for positive activities, good student character, support for vision and mission

Changes, Challenges, and Variations in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship: A View from the Program Directors.

Neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship programs in the United States support >800 learners annually. Understanding variations in the programmatic structure, challenges, and needs is essential to optimize the educational environment and ensure the specialty's future. NPM fellowship program directors (PDs) and associate program directors (APDs) were invited to complete an electronic survey on their program administration, recruitment, clinical training, assessment methods, scholarly program, and career pathways. Each participant identified individual programmatic strengths, challenges, opportunities, and threats to the field. Representatives from 59 NPM fellowships provided data (response rate 59/96 = 61%). In total, 30% of PDs received less than the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education -recommended protected time for administrative duties, and 44% of APDs received no protected time. Fellow clinical service assignments varied widely from 13 to 18 months and 90 to 175 call nights over 3 years. Recruitment practices varied across programs; 59% of respondents raised concerns over the pipeline of applicants. Conflicts between fellows and advanced practice providers were identified by 61% of responders. Programs varied in their scholarly offerings, with 44% of NPM fellowships interested in adding broader research opportunities. NPM fellowship leaders identified a need for improved programmatic support, enhanced measures to assess competency, opportunities to strengthen scholarly programs, shared curricular resources, and strategies to balance education with clinical demands. PDs and APDs identified threats to the future of NPM training programs including the diminishing pipeline of applicants into neonatology, challenges with clinical exposure and competence, inadequate support for the educational mission, issues supporting high-quality scholarship, and fewer graduates pursuing physician-investigator pathways. National organizations and academic institutions should take action to address these challenges so that fellowships can optimally prepare graduates to meet their patients' needs. · Numerous challenges exist for current program directors in NPM including balancing clinical work with scholarly activities, accurately assessing competency, optimizing the culture of the learning environment, and ensuring that fellows are adequately prepared for a range of postgraduate positions.. · Significant variation exists across NPM fellowship programs in clinical service/calls assigned over 3 years of fellowship training, as well as opportunities to pursue scholarly activities across a variety of areas.. · Challenges exist related to ensuring an adequate number of future applicants into the specialty, including those from backgrounds traditionally underrepresented in medicine, as well as those seeking to pursue careers as physician-investigators..

Interpretation of flight data from a fixed-wing UAV system dedicated to flying over high voltage lines

This paper analyzes and presents an interpretation of the flight data resulting from a flight of a fixed-wing UAV system that was designed from the beginning to perform support missions in order to monitor losses on critical infrastructure in Romania; in this particular case it monitors the losses on the high voltage powerlines in order to detect Corona discharge. Also, for the safety of the flight, in order to design the flight route, aspects regarding the altitude, the relief and the possible obstacles that may appear on the flight route were analyzed. After designing the flight route in accordance with the path of a 400 kV high voltage overhead powerlines, the flight was performed and the flight parameters were analyzed in order to validate the system. In conclusion, from the analysis of UAV parameters and its behavior in case of a real flight on high voltage lines it can be stated that UAV systems with fixed wing are recommended for flight on overhead powerlines, behave stably, sensors on board are not influenced by electromagnetic field of the powerline, so that this type of UAV system does not endanger the physical integrity of the overhead powerlines or the system operation.

Darfur Peacekeepers: The African Union Peacekeeping Mission in Darfur (AMIS) from the Perspective of a Hungarian Military Advisor by János Besenyő (review)

Reviewed by: Darfur Peacekeepers: The African Union Peacekeeping Mission in Darfur (AMIS) from the Perspective of a Hungarian Military Advisor by János Besenyő Nina Käsehage BOOK REVIEW of Besenyő, János. 2021. Darfur Peacekeepers: The African Union Peacekeeping Mission in Darfur (AMIS) from the Perspective of a Hungarian Military Advisor. Paris: Éditions L’Harmattan, 234 pp. €29 (cloth), €29 (paper). The book Darfur Peacekeepers: The African Union Peacekeeping Mission in Darfur (AMIS) from the Perspective of a Hungarian Military Advisor combines two perspectives, that of an Africanist and that of a military advisor assessing the multifaceted conflicts in Sudan. It is divided into seven chapters: “Geography and History of Darfur,” “AMIS I,” “AMIS II—History, Structure and Operation,” “AMIS IIE (Enhanced) or AMIS III,” “The Support Mission of the European Union,” “Hungarian Experience,” and the author’s “Conclusion.” The first chapter takes the reader on a journey through the economic, historical, and sociopolitical dimensions of Sudan, its religions, ethnic groups, and natural environment. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 provide detail regarding the three African Union peacekeeping missions in Darfur, such as their structures, phases, and military components. Besenyő profiles the efforts made, the tasks pertaining to the different sectors, and the costs associated with these missions. Chapter 5 describes the support mission of the European Union in Darfur, its development as well as the challenges it faced, such as demands by the African Union (AU) regarding military equipment and the AU’s unwillingness to provide staff to cover other aspects of AMIS for activities such as healthcare. This imbalance, and the presence of foreign military personnel in the region, led to insecurity among the population and a wave of refugees. Additionally, the personal and local accommodation of European staff was dismal, and the African commander treated his European colleagues [End Page 138] as outsiders; further, he did not provide them with the necessary information regarding the mission. Chapter 6 offers insights into the work of Hungarian military observers in Darfur since 2004, the changing role of the position since 2005 as deputy head of field support service (a responsibility that fell to the author), the extension of this position for six months, and Hungarian withdrawal from the mission. In clear terms, the author describes the challenges he had to face during this period as deputy head of field support service: starting with insufficient food stocks for the (international) military staff in the camps, issues of hygiene and sanitation, and the food habits of local soldiers that caused various risks, as well as diseases, for and among the staff within the camps. In his conclusion, Besenyő points out that the AU “was able to achieve results only through the ongoing political and financial and the diplomatic support of the US, EU and UN” (172) because it lacked resources as well as human capacity, such as police or soldiers, lacked experience with peacekeeping missions, and had an “overburdened bureaucracy” (172). According to Besenyő, one of the major failures of the AU was due to “the military reinforcement and expansion of the mission that was supposed to be a monitoring mission originally” (173). Considerable mismanagement of the AU regarding donations and cooperation between the aforementioned international organizations and the AU’s (military) representatives led the inhabitants of the region to lose their faith in the African peacekeepers and turn to self-defense. Such mismanagement included the AU’s unwillingness to grant visas to the international peacekeepers and the lack of English skills on the part of African military partners sent to the region, despite those partners’ ongoing desire and will to lead this so-called African mission. For these reasons, the AMIS missions failed in the author’s eyes. His observations may be taken as testimony to the former failures regarding Darfur, to inform appropriate mutual approaches for this region in the future. In particular, the internal perspectives of the author’s and other experts’ diaries that are cited in chapters 4 and 6 visualize incidents, challenges, and opportunities in Darfur during the mission’s involvement in the region. They may be appropriately classified as being in the tradition of military history and give the description of seemingly anonymous military interventions...

Metabolomic Profile of the Fungus Cryomyces antarcticus Under Simulated Martian and Space Conditions as Support for Life-Detection Missions on Mars.

The identification of traces of life beyond Earth (e.g., Mars, icy moons) is a challenging task because terrestrial chemical-based molecules may be destroyed by the harsh conditions experienced on extraterrestrial planetary surfaces. For this reason, studying the effects on biomolecules of extremophilic microorganisms through astrobiological ground-based space simulation experiments is significant to support the interpretation of the data that will be gained and collected during the ongoing and future space exploration missions. Here, the stability of the biomolecules of the cryptoendolithic black fungus Cryomyces antarcticus, grown on two Martian regolith analogues and on Antarctic sandstone, were analysed through a metabolomic approach, after its exposure to Science Verification Tests (SVTs) performed in the frame of the European Space Agency (ESA) Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) project. These tests are building a set of ground-based experiments performed before the space exposure aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The analysis aimed to investigate the effects of different mineral mixtures on fungal colonies and the stability of the biomolecules synthetised by the fungus under simulated Martian and space conditions. The identification of a specific group of molecules showing good stability after the treatments allow the creation of a molecular database that should support the analysis of future data sets that will be collected in the ongoing and next space exploration missions.

Monitoring of Geomagnetic and Telluric Field Disturbances in the Russian Arctic

The influence of space factors on technological systems in the Arctic (power transmission lines, oil/gas pipelines) has become critically important. To examine in depth these effects, an archive of digital 1 min data from Soviet/Russian magnetic stations deployed along the Arctic coast was created, starting from 1983 to the present. All data from various sources were converted to daily files in standard IAGA-2002 format and supplemented with quick-look magnetograms. Some of these data are included already in the existing world magnetic field databases, but not all. Examples of disturbances known to excite intense geomagnetically induced currents in power transmission lines were presented: irregular Pi3 pulsations and magnetic perturbation events. The database was augmented with the global 3D model of the Earth’s conductivity structure. The given example showed how the combined usage of the geomagnetic field database and the conductivity model enables one to synthesize the geoelectric field response to geomagnetic variations, and to assess the distortions of the pipeline-soil potential. To determine regions most susceptible to geomagnetic hazard, a map with normalized telluric fields was created for a uniform sinusoidally varying magnetic disturbance. This map showed that the largest electrotelluric potentials and field are induced in regions with a high resistivity (e.g., Kola Peninsula and Ural Mountains). This database can be also a useful support for space missions in the magnetosphere. The database is publicly available on the anonymous FTP site.

Mission alignment in the hybrid organization: the role of indirect support activities and an activity ecosystem

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the role a full range of activities can play to combat mission drift in a social enterprise. In doing so, it expands understanding of integrated activities to recognize the role of indirect support activities and an activity ecosystem to sustain mission. This paper also provides practical implications about the process for creating such an ecosystem.Design/methodology/approachThis paper relies on an in-depth qualitative study of a for-profit company that later in life became an employee-owned benefit corporation. Data include interviews, informal and formal company documents and a site visit.FindingsThis paper expands the definition of activity integration to recognize indirect mission support, highlights the role an activity ecosystem plays to ensure the viability of these activities, and identifies a set of rules and a three-step process to create the reinforcing ecosystem.Originality/valueCommonly, activities are integrated if the company earns revenues through pursuit of its social mission and differentiated if the company earns revenues not related to its social mission. By comparison, this paper argues for a more nuanced definition of activities to recognize indirect mission support and its role in reinforcing a dual mission.

Multi-Mission Thermoelectric Generator Fueling Testing and Integration Operations for Mars 2020

The Space Nuclear Power and Isotope Technologies (SNPIT) Division at Idaho National Laboratory fuels, performs acceptance testing, and provides spacecraft integration support of radioisotope power systems in support of National Aeronautics and Space Administration missions. Recently, the SNPIT team completed fueling, testing, and launch support of the Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator for the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover mission.

Book Review: Private Schools and Student Media: Supporting Mission, Students and Community, by Erica Salkin

Book Review: <i>Private Schools and Student Media: Supporting Mission, Students and Community</i>, by Erica Salkin

Mission-Oriented Missile Equipment Support System Modeling: Considering the Failure and Health State

Missile equipment support system is a complex system involving mission profile, operating environment, support personnel, resource scheduling, and other factors, and most of the equipment failures are a process of continuous evolution over time. Based on the characteristics of equipment functions or performance parameters and current detection methods, only part of equipment health degradation trend can be monitored. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the support system simulation considering the equipment failure and health state comprehensively. In this paper, a mission-oriented modeling framework of missile equipment support system based on agent is proposed. Agents of equipment, support, management, and environment are abstracted. The behavior logic, information transmission link, and interaction mechanism among agents are explained. The failure occurrence handling mechanism and health state degradation handling mechanism are determined. The equipment recovery behavior model, including equipment health state control model, corrective maintenance behavior model, and system reconstruction behavior model, are constructed, and the simulation process and implementation method are explained. Finally, a certain type of missile equipment is taken as an example for simulation. The results show that the mean time between failures can be extended and the times of corrective maintenance can be reduced by maintenance support with integrated consideration of equipment failure and health deterioration. In addition, the simulation results show the variation trend of equipment availability, which can lay a solid foundation for the optimization design of equipment support resources in the future, so as to improve the availability of equipment in the whole life cycle.

Geological tasks during HI-SEAS planetary analog mission simulations, Mauna Loa, Hawai'i

The Hawai'i Space Exploration Analog and Simulation (HI-SEAS) project is a NASA-funded research program operating long-duration planetary analog surface mission simulations on Mauna Loa volcano, Hawai'i. During missions lasting from 4 to 12 months, crews of six analog astronaut participants live and work in an isolated habitat, communicating with a remote mission support team via a 20-min time delay. The main purpose of HI-SEAS is to study team effectiveness and adaptation over time in isolated, confined, and high autonomy mission scenarios. Among other duties, Crewmembers are tasked with routinely conducting geological fieldwork requiring extravehicular activity (EVA) in the environment surrounding the habitat. They must determine how they will accomplish these tasks, conduct the tasks themselves, and report results by a due date set by the remote science team. Here we describe the design, task parameters, and performance outcomes of HI-SEAS geology EVA tasks from four 6-person missions. We describe the assigned tasks, how the crews carried out their assignments, and the results of their work in terms of six performance metrics for each task: 1) number of days required for completion; 2) number of crewmembers participating; 3) number of EVAs required; 4) total EVA time required; 5) difference between required and planned EVA times; and 6) performance score evaluating how well crew met the task objective. We find weak evidence of a decrease in geology task performance during the third quarter of missions M2-M4. This dataset provides insights into varying crew performance over time for different mission durations.

Military Medical Evacuation After the Benghazi Embassy Attack: Implications for Military Support of Diplomatic Missions.

The Department of State has the primary responsibility of diplomatic operations in foreign countries. The US military often supports these missions and, when needed, may be called upon to provide security in the event of changes in the host nation's government stability. The US military was requested to help evacuate the consulate in Benghazi after the attack on September 11, 2012. The medical requirements to support such a mission remain unclear, and data are lacking. We sought to describe the medical care required during this evacuation mission. This is a secondary analysis of a previously described dataset from the United States Transportation Command (TRANSCOM) Regulating Command & Control and Evacuation System (TRAC2ES) from 2008 to 2018, with a focus on cases involving the evacuation after the Libyan consulate attack in September 2012. Within our dataset, we isolated all cases of evacuation from the attack on US government facilities in Benghazi. We describe the available data within TRAC2ES, including the free text information placed by the initiating medical personnel. We identified three cases of evacuations within TRAC2ES associated with the Benghazi consulate attack. All cases were evacuated from host nation hospitals to Landstuhl Regional Medical Center (LRMC) by military aircraft under urgent status. Case 1 was an adult male injured by an undocumented mechanism. He was found to be in severe shock, received four units of blood prior to transport, and was intubated. Case 2 was an adult male injured by an undocumented mechanism. He had documented smoke inhalation injury and was found to be coughing up black sputum. Case 3 was an adult male injured by an undocumented mechanism. He had a compound radial fracture with an external fixator in place and subsequently developed compartment syndrome. He was intubated prior to transport. Our case series focuses on the unique aspects of military support of diplomatic missions in countries lacking a stable government-specifically, what transpired in Benghazi. Such events showcase areas of potential collaboration between the Department of State and the Department of Defense in coordinating medical evacuations for casualties sustained during diplomatic missions.

Parama protestantų misijoms Prūsijos Lietuvoje XIX a. 1-oje pusėje: privačios iniciatyvos ir spaudos vaidmuo

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Straipsnyje analizuojamos finansinės paramos protestantų misijoms formos XIX a. 1-oje pusėje Prūsijos Lietuvoje. Čia tiriamas misijų šalininko Bachmano dvaro prie Klaipėdos inspektoriaus, Moravijos Bažnyčios sekėjo (hernhuterio) Wilhelmo Andrėjaus Rheniaus vaidmuo renkant paramą misijoms pietryčių Indijoje. Aptariamas misijoms šelpti skirtas lietuviškas periodinis leidinys Nuſidawimai apie Ewangelios Praſiplatinima tarp Ʒydu ir Pagonu (redaktorius Ferdinandas Kelkis, nuo 1832). Straipsnyje kreipiamas dėmesys į evangelikų liuteronų kunigo, būsimo Karaliaučiaus universiteto profesoriaus ir lietuvių kalbos gramatikos autoriaus Frydricho Kuršaičio vertimą – Ernsto Friedricho Ballo pamokslą Tēkel, tai yr: Swēre tawę Swàrcʒeis ir perlèngwą ißrądo (Karaliaučius, 1843).

Validation of a Pseudospectral Time-Domain (PSTD) Planetary Radar Sounding Simulator With SHARAD Radar Sounding Data

In a recent study, a 2-D pseudospectral time-domain (PSTD) full-wave simulator was developed and demonstrated to be capable of efficiently solving large-scale low-frequency (e.g., HF) electromagnetic scattering problems, for example, on the application of radar sounding simulations of planetary clutter and subsurfaces. In this article, the 2-D PSTD simulator is applied to simulate a domain as large as 4000 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (along-track) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 1666.67\,\,\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (cross-track) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times 33.33\,\,\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> (depth) with <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda =15$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m at an HF frequency of 20 MHz. To accomplish the goal, the simulator is further improved to efficiently model/simulate large cross-track slices of dielectric scenes by allowing nonuniform grid sampling in horizontal (lateral) and vertical directions, and the cross-track results are then stitched together along the track to form the simulated radargram. By combining the SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) viewing geometry and Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter (MOLA) digital elevation model (DEM), we simulate SHARAD returns at three different sites on Mars: one at the North Pole and two at Oxia Planum. At all three sites, the PSTD simulated radargrams are compared with measured SHARAD radargrams. Through power-level calibration and reference time adjustment, the PSTD simulated power estimates are further validated by comparing with real power observations from SHARAD with a 5-dB uncertainty and Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.3–0.4 (a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -value on the order of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-9}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), which justifies the use of the 2-D PSTD simulator for emulating surface clutter in planetary radar sounding. This simulator is open source and can be easily modified to support radar sounding simulations in support of other planetary missions with radar sounding instruments.

Mission Design of an Aperture-Synthetic Interferometer System for Space-Based Exoplanet Exploration

In recent years, exoplanet detection has become the technological frontier in the field of astronomy, because it provides evidence of the origin of life and the future human habitable exoplanet. Deploying several satellites to form an aperture-synthetic interferometer system in space may help discover “another Earth” via interferometry and midinfrared broadband spectroscopy. This paper analyzes a space-based exoplanet exploration mission in terms of the scientific background, mission profile, trajectory design, and orbital maintenance. First, the system architecture and working principle of the interferometer system are briefly introduced. Secondly, the mission orbit and corresponding transfer trajectories are discussed. The halo orbit near the Sun-Earth L2 (SEL2) orbit is chosen as the candidate mission orbit. The low-energy transfer via stable invariant manifold with multiple perigees is designed, and the proper launch windows are presented. A speed increment less than 10 m/s is imposed for each transfer to achieve the insertion of the halo orbit. Finally, the tangent targeting method (TTM) is applied for high-precision formation maintenance with the whole velocity increments of less than 5 × 1 0 − 4 m / s for each spacecraft when the error bound is 0.1 m. The overall fuel budget during the mission period is evaluated and compared. The design in this paper will provide technical support and reliable reference for future exoplanet exploration missions.

СМЫСЛЫ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ КОМФОРТНОСТИ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И МОДЕЛИ ЕЕ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ СЕЛЬСКОЙ ШКОЛЕ

The state of modern society is characterized as psychologically overstrained. In this situation, the need for upbringing in the education system of a psychologically healthy person is actualized, possessing antifragility, socially tempered and ready to cope with negative psychological experiences caused by uncertainty and rapid changes in the surrounding reality. In this regard, the school has a social order for the implementation of the mission of psychological support and support of a growing person, which is additional to the three traditional functions. One of the fundamental conditions for the performance of the new function by the school is the psychological comfort of education while ensuring the continuous development of the personality. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of solving this problem for rural school, which has fundamental differences from the educational organization of a metropolis, associated with high variability of the characteristics of the educational process in such schools, their traditional features and, at the same time, the influence of new global processes. The basis of the methodological foundation is the humanistic paradigm of education, among the basic methods we will single out the content analysis of the concepts «psychological comfort of education», «psychologically comfortable educational environment ina rural school», theoretical modeling of the phenomenon of psychologically comfortable educational environment and its formation in rural school. Psychological and pedagogical interpretations of the psychological comfort of education, its objective, subjective and objective-subjective aspects are highlighted. Within the framework of the psychological approach, the essence of the phenomenon under study is revealed through a person's inner sense of himself in a system of conditions, circumstances and opportunities; within the boundaries of pedagogical — psychological comfort of education is represented as a set of parameters, qualities, characteristics of the external environment of the subject. These ideas are associated with the concept of educational environment, which is built through the joint development of its interacting components. The objective aspect just emphasizes the objective-material basis of the phenomenon, the subjective — mental processes, states, personality qualities, the objective-subjective — has a socio-communicative nature and characterizes the processes of relations between the subjects of the educational process of rural school, taking into account its specifics. Two results of the formation of psychologically comfortable environment in which the educational process takes place are identified — direct and indirect; the introduction of the principle of psychological comfort into pedagogy is substantiated. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by highlighting the dual meanings of the integrative essence of the psychological comfort of education, explaining the possibility of personality development for all subjects of the educational environment and proposing fundamental ideas for constructing models for the formation of psychologically comfortable educational environment in rural school.

Hybrid Tracking Controller for an ASV Providing Mission Support for an AUV

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) rely on surface support for communication with operators and position fixes to bound inertial navigation errors. By installing an acoustic modem on an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), the ASV can carry out these tasks, replacing more expensive and less flexible manned research vessels. This paper proposes a hybrid tracking controller for an ASV providing mission support for an AUV. The proposed controller keeps the ASV in a donut-shaped safety domain about the AUV defined by the risk of collision (inner boundary) and the risk of communication loss (outer boundary). At the same time, the hybrid controller reduces power consumption and acoustic signal noise by going into standby mode when it is within the safety domain. Results from a simulation study and field trials are presented to demonstrate and validate the controller's performance. The results show that the controller performed well in the tested cases.