Support Interaction Research Articles

AI in customer feedback integration: A data-driven framework for enhancing business strategy

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into customer feedback systems has emerged as a transformative approach for businesses seeking to enhance their strategies and maintain a competitive edge. This review presents a data-driven framework that leverages AI to analyze, interpret, and act upon customer feedback, providing actionable insights for business decision-making. AI techniques such as natural language processing (NLP), machine learning (ML), and sentiment analysis allow companies to automate the feedback collection process and analyze vast amounts of data from diverse sources, including surveys, reviews, social media, and customer support interactions. The proposed framework facilitates real-time feedback analysis, enabling businesses to identify trends, customer preferences, and potential pain points more efficiently. By integrating AI with existing customer relationship management (CRM) systems, businesses can automate the categorization and prioritization of feedback, allowing for timely responses and more effective problem-solving. Furthermore, predictive analytics tools within the framework can forecast customer needs, allowing businesses to tailor products and services to meet evolving expectations. This framework also supports continuous improvement by enabling businesses to track the impact of changes implemented based on customer feedback. Additionally, AI’s ability to personalize the customer experience by recognizing patterns and individual preferences plays a crucial role in increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty. The data-driven insights generated through AI integration can guide businesses in refining their marketing, product development, and customer service strategies, leading to improved operational efficiency and better alignment with customer expectations. In conclusion, the integration of AI into customer feedback mechanisms represents a significant advancement for data-driven business strategy development. This framework not only enhances feedback accuracy and speed but also empowers businesses to deliver more personalized and customer-centric solutions.

Electronic Structure Engineering of Single-Atom Tungsten on Vacancy-enriched V3S4 Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Constructing single-atom catalysts (SACs) and optimizing the electronic structure between metal atoms and support interactions is deemed one of the most effective strategies for boosting the catalytic kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, a sulfur vacancy defect trapping strategy is developed to anchor tungsten single atoms onto ultrathin V3S4 nanosheets with a high loading of 25.1wt.%. The obtained W-V3S4 catalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 54mV at 10mA cm-2 and excellent long-term stability in alkaline electrolytes. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the in situ anchoring of W single atoms triggers the delocalization and redistribution of electron density, which effectively accelerates water dissociation and facilitates hydrogen adsorption/desorption, thus enhancing HER activity. This work provides valuable insights into understanding highly active single-atom catalysts for large-scale hydrogen production.

Impact of motherhood and social support on the wellbeing of UK female police officers and staff

Abstract Background Female officers and staff face gender-specific challenges, particularly, during pregnancy and motherhood. Our study explores whether and how motherhood affects mental health outcomes (e.g., probable depression and anxiety) and return to work following sickness absence (SA), considering mediating role of workplace social support. Methods Logistic regression analysed probable depression and anxiety using Airwave Health Monitoring Study (AHMS) data. Cox proportional hazards models assessed return to work after sickness absence, linking AHMS with sickness absence data from 26 police forces. Exposure variables were created by the interaction of motherhood status and social support, while covariates included sociodemographic, lifestyle, and work-related factors. Results Mothers with low social support from superiors had higher odds of probable depression (OR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.81-2.54) and anxiety (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.62-2.14) compared to non-mothers. Moderate and high social support reduced odds of depression (Moderate: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.85-1.11; High: OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.57-0.73) and anxiety (Moderate: OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.12-1.36; High: OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75-0.9) for mothers, but the impact varied when adjusted for covariates. Mothers with lower levels of social support were less likely to return to work after SA compared to non-mothers, as indicated by the survival analysis (Low social support: HR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.95-1.13; High social support: HR = 1, 95% CI = 0.96-1.04). These trends persisted across social support sources-colleagues and combined support-emphasising the complex interplay between workplace social support, motherhood, mental health, and sickness absence in policing. Conclusions Our study emphasises boosting workplace social support for female police officers and staff, to aid them in navigating motherhood demands. This improvement can lead to better mental health, retention, job satisfaction, and organisational effectiveness, ultimately promoting community safety. Key messages • Highlighting the importance of workplace social support for female police officers and staff, informs policy makers and practitioners to prioritize social support initiatives within policing. • Lower social support was associated with a reduced likelihood of returning to work after sickness absence, particularly among mothers compared to non-mothers.

Understanding the Environmental Sensitivity of Copper‐Metal Oxides Interactions in Cu/ZnO and Cu/Al2O3 Catalysts

AbstractTernary Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts are one of the most important industrial catalysts and show excellent activity in methanol reforming reaction. However, it is challenging to elucidate the metal support interactions, which critically influence the catalyst structure and performance, due to their environmentally sensitive nature. This study examines the interactions between Cu and Al2O3 and ZnO, after reductive treatments of the Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/ZnO model catalysts with varying temperatures and hydrogen concentration. A combination of Brunner‐Emmet‐Teller (BET) measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N2O titration, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformations spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) provided comprehensive insights into the structural evolution of the catalysts.

Upside-Down Adsorption: The Counterintuitive Influences of Surface Entropy and Surface Hydroxyl Density on Hydrogen Spillover.

Although hydrogen spillover is often invoked to explain anomalies in catalysis, spillover remains a poorly understood phenomenon. Hydrogen spillover (H*) is best described as highly mobile H atom equivalents that arise when H2 migrates from a metal nanoparticle to an oxide or carbon support. In the 60 years since its discovery, few methods have become available to quantify or characterize H*-support interactions. We recently showed in situ infrared spectroscopy and volumetric chemisorption can quantify reversible H2 adsorption on Au/TiO2 catalysts, where adsorbed hydrogen exists as H* and interacts with titania surface hydroxyl (TiOH) groups. Here, we report parallel thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy methods for systematically manipulating the surface TiOH density. We examine the role of surface hydroxylation on spillover thermodynamics using van't Hoff studies to determine apparent adsorption enthalpies and entropies at constant H* coverage, which is necessary to maintain constant H* translational entropy. Although surface TiOH groups are the likely adsorption sites, the data show removing hydroxyl groups increases spillover. This surprising finding─that adsorption increases as the adsorption site density decreases─is associated with improved thermodynamics on dehydroxylated surfaces. A strong adsorption enthalpy-entropy correlation implicates the changing surface entropy of the titania support itself (i.e., an initial state effect) is deeply intertwined with the H* configurational entropy. These effects are surprising and should apply to all low-coverage adsorbates where entropy terms dominate more traditional enthalpic considerations. Moreover, this study points toward a kinetic test for invoking spillover in a reaction mechanism: namely, in situ dehydroxylation should enhance spillover processes.

Immobilization of carbon composite materials on structured frameworks for application in continuous catalytic experiments: application in NO3- conversion

Bimetallic catalysts applied for water treatment are highly susceptible to deactivation/poisoning mainly when immobilized in macroscopic structures. Metal support interaction characteristic of metal oxides/composite supports emerges as an important strategy for controlling this phenomenon.This work explores a novel washcoating methodology to synthesize macrostructured composite catalysts for selective nitrate reduction. This approach allowed to effectively integrate powder composite materials into macroscopic frameworks, allowing to take advantage of modifications performed in the powder materials, often associated with increased catalytic activity/selectivity.Pd-Cu composite materials (metal oxides with carbon nanotubes) were prepared/tested for nitrate conversion. Titanium dioxide composites achieved the best performance (54% nitrate conversion and 61% N2 selectivity) outperforming the results obtained with more conventional synthesis methodologies. The catalysts proved to be highly active and resistant over several hours of reaction. This is a pioneering work focused on the synthesis and application of macrostructured composite catalysts in G-L-S treatment systems.

Social Support and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients: A Comparative Study with Healthy Controls

Background and Objectives: Hemodialysis patients face significant physical and psychological challenges, including diminished quality of life and reduced social support. This study aimed to assess the levels of social support and quality of life in hemodialysis patients and identify the sociodemographic and dialysis-related factors influencing these outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study included 115 hemodialysis patients and 107 healthy controls. Social support was measured using the Modified Social Support Survey (MSSS) and its abbreviated version (MSSS-5). Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Demographic variables (age, sex, education, marital status) and dialysis-related factors (session duration, Kt/V, vascular access type, and urea reduction ratio) were analyzed to determine their effects on social support and quality of life. Results: Hemodialysis patients reported significantly lower scores in the Physical Health and Psychological Health domains of the WHOQOL-BREF compared to healthy controls. Males on hemodialysis scored lower than the controls in the Physical Health, Psychological Health, and Environment domains of the WHOQOL-BREF and the Affectionate Support and Positive Social Interaction subscales of MSSS. Conversely, hemodialysis females reported higher scores for Tangible Support, Emotional/Informational Support, and Affectionate Support. Longer dialysis sessions negatively impacted the Social Relationships domain. Married hemodialysis patients had higher Emotional/Informational Support and Affectionate Support scores. Conclusions: Hemodialysis patients experience diminished physical and psychological quality of life, particularly males. Social support, especially emotional and informational support, is crucial for hemodialysis patients, with marital status playing a key role. Addressing these psychosocial factors may improve outcomes for hemodialysis patients.

Self-supported electrochemical sensor based on uniform palladium nanoparticles functionalized porous graphene film for monitoring H2O2 released from living cells.

Graphene film has been considered a promising material for the construction of self-supported electrodes due to its favorable flexibility and high conductivity. However, the film fabricated from pristine graphene or conventional graphene sheet reduced graphene oxide processes limited electrocatalytic performance. Decorating active metal species or incorporating heteroatoms intothegraphene framework have been proved to be effective methods to enhance the electrocatalytic efficiency of graphene film-based self-supported electrodes. Herein, we present a freestanding electrode composed of uniform Pd nanoparticles decorating N,S co-doped porous graphene film (Pd/NSPGF) and explore its practical application in differentiating various human colon cell types by in situ tracking the amount of H2O2 secreted from live cells. Our findings reveal that, on the one hand, the NSPGF has abundant surface and inner pores, which promote active site exposure, and mass diffusion during electrochemical reactions; on the other hand, the substitutional doping ofthe graphene framework with heteroatoms (e.g., N or S) can tailor its electronic and chemical properties, and facilitate the uniform loading of high-density Pd nanoparticles. Moreover, the intrinsic activity of Pd/NSPGF is regulated by the interaction of Pd nanoparticles withtheNSPGF support. Taking the advantages of morphology and composition, the self-supported Pd/NSPGF electrode displays remarkable electrochemical performance with a wide linear range up to 2.0mM, low detection limit of 0.1μM (S/N = 3), high sensitivity of 665 µA cm-2mM-1, and good selectivity. When applied in real-time trackingofthe H2O2 released from normal human colon epithelial cells and human colorectal cancer cells, the Pd/NSPGF-based electrochemical sensing system can distinguish the cell types by testing the number of extracellular H2O2 molecules released per cell, which holds considerable potential for early detection and monitoring of disease-related clinical specimens.

Intranasal Oxytocin Combined with Social Skills Training for Schizophrenia: an add-on Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Some but not other studies on oxytocin for schizophrenia, particularly those using a higher dose, indicate that oxytocin improves negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We performed an add-on randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of high dose oxytocin, social skills training, and their combination in the treatment of negative symptoms and social dysfunction in schizophrenia. Fifty-one subjects with schizophrenia were randomized, employing a two-by-two design: intranasal oxytocin (24 IU X3/day) or placebo, and social skills training or supportive psychotherapy, for three weeks. The primary outcome was the difference in the total score from baseline to end-of-study of a semi-structured interview which assessed patients’ social interactions in three scenarios: sharing a positive experience, sharing a conflict, and giving support when the experimenter shared a conflict. The interactions were scored using the Coding Interactive Behavior Manual (CIB), clinical symptoms were assessed with the PANSS. No significant difference was found between groups in the total CIB or PANSS scores. The majority of comparisons in the different social interactions between oxytocin and placebo, and between social skills training vs. supportive psychotherapy, were also non-significant. Social skills training reduced blunted affect and gaze. In post-hoc analyses of the support interaction, oxytocin improved synchrony and decreased tension, while in the positive interaction it improved positive affect and avoidance. None of these findings remained significant when controlling for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, oxytocin did not influence participants’ social behavior, and was not effective in improving the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Computational screening of Group VⅢ@C5N4 single-atom electrocatalysts for overall water splitting

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have great potential for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) since their high atomic utilization and strong metal–support interactions. Herein, we develop TM@C5N4 (TM = Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt) catalysts via embedding Group VⅢ TM in holey C5N4 substrate and further evaluate their electrocatalytic activity using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Systematical studies indicate that Fe@C5N4, Pd@C5N4 and Ir@C5N4 catalysts all exhibit excellent HER performance, which mainly because of their small ΔGH* values of 0.101 eV, -0.114 eV and 0.070 eV, respectively. In parallel, Rh@C5N4 and Ir@C5N4 possess high OER activity along with low overpotential of 0.50 V, which is superior to the commercial IrO2 catalyst (0.56 V). Obviously, Ir@C5N4 could be utilized as bifunctional electrocatalysts both HER and OER in water splitting. Furthermore, we analyze their correlative catalytic mechanisms using the molecular orbitals. Besides, biaxial strain modulation could effectively regulate the catalytic activity of HER and OER. Particularly, 2 % biaxial tensile strain could bring Ir@C5N4 superb HER/OER catalytic performance. Finally, we anticipate that this strain engineering would provide a new perspective for developing high-performance SACs for water splitting.

APPLICATION OF COMPUTERISED TECHNOLOGIES IN THE REHABILITATION OF PATIENTS WITH STROKE CONSEQUENCES

A stroke is a sudden onset of focal or generalized impairment of brain function due to vascular causes only, which is related to cerebral blood flow and lasts for more than 24 hours. Cerebral stroke remains the second leading cause of death and the third most significant cause of disability in the world. Over the past 30 years, the absolute number of cases of this disease has increased by 70%, the prevalence by 85%, with a 43% increase in mortality rates. According to the latest Global Burden of Disease (GBD) analysis, in 2019, there were about 12.2 million stroke cases, 143 million disability-adjusted life years and 6.6 million deaths worldwide, 86% of which occurred in low- and lower-middle-income countries. Purpose to analyse and systematise the use of computerised technologies in the rehabilitation of patients with stroke consequences. Materials and methods. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers analysed scientific literature and systematised information using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and others. Research results. Traditional methods have proven their effectiveness and are widely used in the practice of rehabilitating patients after stroke. However, with the development of science and technology, there is a need to find new approaches to therapy that can provide a more comprehensive and effective treatment of this pathology. Today, computerized technologies deserve special attention in the rehabilitation of patients after stroke, namely robotic systems, specially designed video games and virtual reality, and TV rehabilitation. Robotic systems are devices that automate various tasks and processes. They can be programmed to perform certain functions with high accuracy and repeatability. In rehabilitation, such systems help to restore motor functions, support physical activity, and facilitate recovery from injuries or illnesses, including stroke. Video games and virtual reality technologies are examples of exciting and fun rehabilitation for stroke patients. Traditional therapies can be complex and tedious to repeat, making it less likely that patients will do them at home. Physical therapists are finding that video games are more engaging and easier to incorporate into home treatment regimens. Tele-rehabilitation after stroke is a form of remote medical care that allows patients to receive rehabilitation services via the Internet or other telecommunication technologies. This provides access to the necessary therapy regardless of the patient's place of residence. Conclusions. Computerized technology significantly improves the rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Robotic systems provide high precision and control during movements, which avoids incorrect exercise and reduces the risk of re-injury, regularity of training, and patient comfort. In addition, many robotic systems have built-in sensors that allow you to track the patient's progress and provide feedback to both the patient and the doctor. This helps to adjust the rehabilitation programme according to the patient's needs. The use of video games and virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation offers numerous benefits, including increased motivation, improved motor and cognitive function, psychological support, and social interaction. Tele-rehabilitation after stroke is an innovative approach to patient recovery, providing access to rehabilitation services regardless of where they live.

Social support and (complex) posttraumatic stress symptom severity: does gender matter?

ABSTRACT Background: Perceived social support is an established predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after exposure to a traumatic event. Gender is an important factor that could differentiate responses to social support, yet this has been little explored. Symptoms of complex PTSD are also common following trauma but have been under-researched in this context. Large scale studies with culturally diverse samples are particularly lacking. Objectives: In a multi-country sample, we examined: (a) gender differences in perceived social support and both posttraumatic stress symptom severity (PTSS) and complex posttraumatic stress symptom severity (CPTSS); (b) associations between social support and PTSS/CPTSS; and (c) the potential moderating role of gender in the relationship between perceived social support and trauma-related distress. Method: A total of 2483 adults (Mage = 30yrs, 69.9% females) from 39 countries, who had been exposed to mixed trauma types, completed the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support and the International Trauma Questionnaire (which captures PTSS/CPTSS). Regression analyses examined associations between gender, perceived social support, and PTSS/CPTSS; and tested for gender by social support interactions in predicting PTSS/CPTSS scores. Models were adjusted for age and socioeconomic status. Results: In our cross-country sample, females had greater PTSS/CPTSS than males (B = .23 [95% CI 0.16, 0.30], p < .001; B = .20 [0.12, 0.27], p < .001; respectively), but there was no evidence of gender differences in perceived social support (B = .05 [−0.05, 0.16], p = .33). For both genders, low perceived social support was associated with higher PTSS/CPTSS (females: B = −.16 [−0.20, −0.12], p < .001; B = −.27 [−0.30, −0.24], p < .001; respectively; males: B = −.22 [−0.29, −0.15], p < .001; B = −.31 [−0.36, −0.26], p < .001; respectively), and for PTSS only we found weak evidence that this association was stronger for males vs. females (B = .07 [0.04, 0.14, p = .04). Conclusion: Individuals who feel more socially supported have lower trauma-related distress, and this association is similar in males and females. PTSD/CPTSD interventions may benefit from augmenting perceived social support, regardless of gender.

Phosphidation‐Free Synthesis of NixCoyP on Nanostructured N,S,P‐Doped Carbon Networks as Self‐Supported Multifunctional Electrocatalysts

The synthesis of supported multielement transition metal phosphides (TMPs) to exploit the synergistic interplay between electronic and geometric effects resulting from the presence of different metals in the material and the arrangement of heterogeneous atoms is pivotal for reducing metal content while offering multiple active sites. However, the integration of Ni, Co, and P, for example, into a nanostructured carbon network to develop self‐supporting NixCoyP bimetallic phosphides is limited by several factors, including the synthesis and the discrepancy between the crystal structure of the respective monometallic phosphides. Moreover, conventional synthesis of supported TMPs often separates nanoparticles, support and phosphidation steps, which do not allow tailoring of physical and catalytic properties via particle support, electronic and geometric interactions. Herein, an innovative solid‐state, ex situ phosphidation‐free approach tailored to synthesize a library of self‐supporting NixCoyP TMPs in N,S,P‐modified nanostructured carbon networks generated together with NixCoyP particles is presented. Extensive multivariate characterization validates the unique properties of NixCoyP bimetallic materials with enhanced electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the selective electroconversion of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) to value‐added 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with 90–100% Faradaic efficiency. Overall, the synthesis expands the possibilities for tailoring the microstructure of supported TMPs for improved physical/catalytic properties.

Metal–Support Interaction between Pd Oxide and YCoO3 Effective for NO Reduction with CO and C3H6

Metal–Support Interaction between Pd Oxide and YCoO₃ Effective for NO Reduction with CO and C₃H₆

Impact of carer burden, social support, and gratitude on quality of life in families of older adults with dementia

This study explores how carer burden, social support, and gratitude affect the quality of life of family members of older adults with dementia. Participants included 156 family members living with older adults diagnosed with dementia. Data were collected using structured self-report questionnaires and analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. Significant predictors of quality of life were identified as family support, friend support, and gratitude, and the explanatory power of these factors for quality of life was 48.2 %. To enhance the quality of life of families of older adults with dementia, programs promoting supportive familial interactions, activities enhancing support from friends, and initiatives fostering gratitude should be implemented.

In-situ carbon integration on atomically dispersed platinum metal oxide nanocomposites for hydrogen evolution reaction

In this study, a novel in-situ carbon growth technique by a modified sol gel synthesis method is presented. The carbon support developed on a transition metal oxide composite transforms the electronic conductivity and is engineered for hydrogen evolution reaction by a dispersion of unit atomic concentration of platinum. Through two different synthesis techniques, platinum dispersion is implemented on the metal oxide-carbon system, one by direct sol-gel technique and another by chemical reduction technique, whereby a homogeneous dispersion of the noble metal on the composite is achieved. Carbon-based cerium oxide and titanium oxide composites are used as the base material, and one atomic percentage of platinum metal is ensured while synthesizing each of the carbon composites. The functionality of these catalysts towards hydrogen evolution reaction in a 0.5 M H2SO4 acidic media revealed the synthesis technique's uniqueness and the effect of metal support interaction that plays a vital role in the electrocatalytic activity. The intrinsic activity of the titania system, along with enhanced metal support interaction due to highly enriched platinum availability on the surface of the substrate, provides for strong electrochemical activity. The titanium oxide carbon composite with platinum dispersed by hydrazine reduction exhibited the finest activity with an overpotential of just 44 mV at j = 10 mA/cm2 and a tafel slope of 118 mV/dec. The gas chromatographic analysis on platinum supported titania catalyst showcased better performance by a margin of four times than the commercial three weight percentage platinum supported carbon.

Experiences of abortion care in Australia: a qualitative study examining multiple dimensions of access

BackgroundThe United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals identify universal access to sexual and reproductive health services as a global priority. Yet barriers to abortion access remain, including legal restrictions, cost, stigma, and limited services and information. The aim was to identify barriers to and facilitators of abortion care access experienced in Australia.MethodsThis qualitative phenomenological study examined abortion access in Australia, where abortion is decriminalised, from March 2020 to December 2022. We used social media and flyers in clinics to recruit adults who had sought abortion care, then interviewed them in-depth. We mapped participant experiences to five dimensions of access identified by Levesque et al.’s patient-centred access to healthcare framework: approachability, acceptability, availability and accommodation, affordability, and appropriateness.ResultsThe 24 participants lived across Australia and sought abortion during the COVID-19 pandemic. Approachability: Before seeking abortion, most did not know where to access information about the service and where to obtain it. Acceptability: Many were uncomfortable disclosing their abortion to family or friends; they reported that healthcare providers demonstrated varying levels of support. Availability and accommodation: Regional participants travelled far and faced long wait-times, exacerbated by pandemic restrictions. Affordability: Participants described financial stress paying for the service, travel, and related expenses. Appropriateness: Most participants expected judgemental care. Experiences varied widely: many participants experienced unempathetic, rushed, or judgemental interactions with healthcare staff, and many also reported at least one non-judgmental and supportive interaction on the same pathway to care.DiscussionAbortion seekers experienced varying obstacles when seeking care. The findings illustrate the need for population- and system-level initiatives such as: providing accurate information about and normalising abortion; implementing system-level strategies to reduce wait times, travel, and costs, especially for rural populations; and developing regulatory and quality improvement initiatives to increase the workforce and its readiness to provide high-quality, non-judgemental abortion care. Challenges seeking care during pandemic restrictions illustrate the importance of social support during care and choice between abortion modalities and service types. Consumer voices can help understand the diverse pathways to abortion care and inform solutions to overcome the multidimensional barriers to access.

Non-Classical Deactivation Mechanism in a Supported Intermetallic Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation.

Platinum-based supported intermetallic alloys (IMAs) demonstrate exceptional performance in catalytic propane dehydrogenation (PDH) primarily because of their remarkable resistance to coke formation. However, these IMAs still encounter a significant hurdle in the form of catalyst deactivation. Understanding the complex deactivation mechanism of supported IMAs, which goes beyond conventional coke deposition, requires meticulous microscopic structural elucidation. In this study, we unravel a nonclassical deactivation mechanism over a PtZn/γ-Al2O3 PDH catalyst, dictated by the PtZn to Pt3Zn nanophase transformation accompanied with dezincification. The physical origin lies in the metal support interaction (MSI) that enables strong chemical bonding between hydroxyl groups on the support and Zn sites on the PtZn phase to selectively remove Zn species followed by the reconstruction towards Pt3Zn phase. Building on these insights, we have devised a solution to circumvent the deactivation by passivating the MSI through surface modification of γ-Al2O3 support. By exchanging protons of hydroxyl groups with potassium ions (K) on the γ-Al2O3 support, such a strategy significantly minimizes the dezincification of PtZn IMA via diminished metal-support bonding, which dramatically reduces the deactivation rate from 0.2044 to 0.0587 h-1. These findings decode the nonclassical PDH deactivation mechanism over supported IMA catalysts and elaborate a new logic for the design of high-performance IMA based PDH catalysts with long-term stability.

The influence of CeO2 different morphologies effects on hydrodeoxygenation for guaiacol on Ni/CeO2 catalysts

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is an effective way to produce high–value products from lignin-derived phenolic compounds. In this work, three different morphologies of Ni/CeO2 catalysts (amorphous, cubic, and rod-shaped) have been prepared through the conventional wet impregnation method. They can be used for the HDO of guaiacol to prepare cyclohexanol, an important chemical raw material. The influence of different morphologies of CeO2 on catalytic activity was explored. The research results indicate that Ni/CeO2–r catalysts with rod-shaped structures exhibit excellent catalytic properties. As a result, a 100 % conversion rate and 96.9 % cyclohexanol yield were achieved on the Ni/CeO2–r catalyst at 240 °C. The catalytic performance of the three catalysts follows this order: Ni/CeO2–r (rod-shaped) > Ni/CeO2–c (cubic) > Ni/CeO2–p (amorphous). The results of Raman and XPS indicate significant differences in the surface oxygen vacancy in catalysts with different morphologies. The Ni/CeO2–r catalyst has the highest oxygen vacancy concentration and defect. In addition, Ni/CeO2–r also has the largest specific surface area (SBET) and the highest nickel dispersion, and forms more Ni0 because of the strong interaction of Ni species and CeO2 support. Therefore, Ni/CeO2–r exhibits the most excellent catalytic performance for the hydrogenation of guaiacol than the other two catalysts. Moreover, the cycling activity test was also investigated over the Ni/CeO2–r catalyst. After five cycles, the conversion rate of guaiacol and the yield of cyclohexanol hardly decrease. This work provides vital ideas for the development of higher-activity, higher-stability, and low-cost catalysts for the conversion of lignin-derived phenolic compounds in the future.

The Phubbing Phenomenon in Adolescents: Uncovering the Impact of Technology on Social Relationship Quality

Phubbing is a social behaviour where an individual prioritizes smartphone usage over engaging with those around them. This study seeks to explore the underlying causes, manifestations, and consequences of phubbing behaviour among adolescents and to understand how this behaviour affects the quality of their social relationships. Adopting a qualitative approach through case study methodology, this research focuses on three adolescents who are habitual practitioners of phubbing. The findings of this study reveal that smartphone dependence, fear of missing out (F.O.M.O.), and low self-control are the primary factors influencing this behaviour. The repercussions of phubbing include the weakening of social relationships and an increase in feelings of loneliness and discomfort during social interactions. This research provides valuable insights into how technological advancements impact adolescent social behaviour and underscores the crucial role of educators and parents in promoting healthier social interactions. By identifying the factors contributing to phubbing and its effects on social relationships, this study aids in developing strategies to help adolescents adapt to technology in a more balanced way while maintaining the quality of their interpersonal connections. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to addressing phubbing and encourages more meaningful and supportive social interactions in the digital age. This expanded understanding of phubbing's impact highlights the importance of fostering better communication habits and supportive environments for adolescents navigating modern technology. Research shows that phubbing perpetrators have the defence that their behaviour is not the only one, that in this era, almost everyone does the same thing as they do, and their behaviour is inevitable. So, they tend to repeat the same cycle. Thus, phubbing behaviour is a cause-and-effect behaviour that is also influenced by an individual's internal and external factors.