Support Interaction Research Articles

Hydrogen and carbon nanotube production from microwave-assisted catalytic decomposition of plastic waste

Plastic waste has become an alternative resource for generating carbon-free hydrogen and valuable carbon. The challenge lies in the efficient catalytic pyrolysis of plastics, the energy-intensive nature of decomposition, and reactor configuration. In a single-stage process, the presence of solid plastic with the catalyst leads to carbon block formation, inhibiting the growth of filamentous structure. We proposed a two-stage process incorporating microwave-assisted heating, encompassing thermal pyrolysis at 500 ˚C, followed by catalytic chemical vapor deposition at 800 ˚C. Transition metals, including iron, nickel, and cobalt, and their alloys were examined for catalytic performance along with assessments of catalyst-to-feed mixing ratios and catalyst stability. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed to explore nanocrystal size, dispersion, reduction behavior, and support interaction strength. The FeNi/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited the highest yields among the selected catalysts, attributed to its optimized nanocrystalline size and interaction strength. These characteristics facilitated the production of 445 mg/gplastic of carbon nanotubes and 52.1 mmol/gplastic of hydrogen during low-density polyethylene decomposition, corresponding to the extraction of 52 % carbon and 72 % hydrogen relative to theoretical content. The catalyst exhibited a sustained efficiency over ten consecutive cycles, yielding 513 mg/gplastic of highly crystalline multiwall carbon nanotubes, with electrification demonstrating promise for sustainably converting plastic waste into carbon-free hydrogen and carbon.

Hydrotalcite-derived well-dispersed and thermally stable cobalt nanoparticle catalyst for ammonia decomposition

Ammonia is a carbon-free hydrogen carrier, and development of non-noble metal catalyst to decompose ammonia into hydrogen is desirable for practical applications. However, the metal catalyst is challenged by the sintering of metal particles under high-temperature reaction conditions. In this study, a series of Li-, Al-, and Co-containing hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlc) were synthesized by co-precipitation and used as precursors to prepare well-dispersed and thermally stable Co nanoparticle catalysts for ammonia decomposition. The obtained precursors and catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), and so on. All of the precursors formed hydrotalcite-like phase, which consisted of Li–Al–(Co) HTlc and/or Co–Al HTlc dependent on the Co content. Upon calcination at 500 °C, HTlc decomposed into an Al-substituted Co3O4 spinel oxide, as confirmed by two distinctly separated reduction steps in H2-TPR. Following reduction at 700 °C, well-dispersed Co metal nanoparticles with an average particle size of ∼9.2–12.4 nm were obtained. It was suggested that the incorporation of Al3+ into Co3O4 led to a strong interaction between cobalt and aluminum, which suppressed the crystal growth of Co3O4 and the sintering of Co metal during the thermal treatments, resulting in good Co dispersion. The optimal LiAlCo(1.5) catalyst showed superior activity than that prepared by impregnation method, giving almost complete conversion of ammonia at 575 °C under a space velocity of 5,000 mL gcat–1 h–1. More importantly, this catalyst maintained stable activity at 625 °C for 100 h, exhibiting high stability and sintering resistance. The good catalytic performance was attributed to the high Co metal dispersion and strong metal–support interaction benefiting from the uniform distribution of cobalt in the HTlc precursor. These results demonstrate the applicability of HTlc to the preparation of metal catalysts with improved dispersion and thermal stability.

Play With Morphing Food: Supporting Children-Food Interaction With an Interactive Cooking Toolkit

To support children’s food interaction and enhance their understanding of food through morphing food technology, we develop a design exploration through the Research through Design (RtD) methodology. Our exploration integrates four stages: (1) defining design objectives through empathy with stakeholders, (2) investigating morphing food materials to understand their deformation mechanisms, (3) designing and iteratively developing tools based on user feedback, and (4) conducting a workshop-based evaluation. Our design outcome is a toolkit, comprising a morphing food library, trigger tools, and instructional interfaces. The workshop showed that through interaction with morphing food, children learned not only scientific principles but also developed culinary skills, as well as the diversity of food forms and functions. We discussed the detailed findings, insights, and implications for future design.

Water–Gas Shift over Pt Nanoparticles Dispersed on CeO2 and Gadolinium-Doped Ceria (GDC) Supports with Specific Nano-Configurations

The water–gas shift (WGS) reaction is one of the most significant reactions in hydrogen technology since it can be used directly to produce hydrogen from the reaction of CO and water; it is also a side reaction taking place in the hydrocarbon reforming processes, determining their selectivity towards H2 production. The development of highly active WGS catalysts, especially at temperatures below ~450 °C, where the reaction is thermodynamically favored but kinetically limited, remains a challenge. From a fundamental point of view, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. Since specific nanoshapes of CeO2-based supports have recently been shown to play an important role in the performance of metal nanoparticles dispersed on their surface, in this study, a comparative study of the WGS is conducted on Pt nanoparticles dispersed (with low loading, 0.5 wt.% Pt) on CeO2 and gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) supports of different nano-morphologies, i.e., nanorods (NRs) and irregularly faceted particle (IRFP) CeO2 and GDC, produced by employing hydrothermal and (co-)precipitation synthesis methods, respectively. The results showed that the support’s shape strongly affected its physicochemical properties and in turn the WGS performance of the dispersed Pt nanoparticles. Nanorod-shaped CeO2,NRs and GDCNRs supports presented a higher specific surface area, lower primary crystallite size and enhanced reducibility at lower temperatures compared to the corresponding irregular faceted CeO2,IRFP and GDCIRFP supports, leading to up to 5-fold higher WGS activity of the Pt particles supported on them. The Pt/GDCNRs catalyst outperformed all other catalysts and exhibited excellent time-on-stream (TOS) stability. A variety of techniques, namely N2 physical adsorption–desorption (the BET method), scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR), were used to identify the texture, structure, morphology and other physical properties of the materials, which together with the in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and detailed kinetic studies helped to decipher their catalytic behavior. The enhanced metal–support interactions of Pt nanoparticles with the nanorod-shaped CeO2,NRs and GDCNRs supports due to the creation of more active sites at the metal–support interface, leading to significantly improved reducibility of these catalysts, were concluded to be the critical factor for their superior WGS activity. Both the redox and associative reaction mechanisms proposed for WGS in the literature were found to contribute to the reaction pathway.

Impact of Ga, Sr, and Ce on Ni/DSZ95 Catalyst for Methane Partial Oxidation in Hydrogen Production

The greenhouse gas CH4 is more potent than CO2, although both these gases are solely responsible for global warming. The efficient catalytic conversion of CH4 into hydrogen-rich syngas, which also demonstrates economic viability, can deplete the concentration of CH4. This study examines the partial oxidation of methane (POM) prepared by the wetness impregnation process using 5% Ni supported over DSZ95 (93.3% ZrO2 + 6.7% Sc2O3) and promoted with 1% Ga (gallium), 1% Sr (strontium), and 1% Ce (cerium). These catalysts are characterized by surface area porosity, X-ray diffraction, FT-Infrared spectroscopy, Raman infrared spectroscopy, temperature programmed reduction, CO2 temperature-programmed techniques, desorption techniques, thermogravimetry, and transmission electron microscopy. The characterization results demonstrate that Ni is appropriate for the POM because of its crystalline structure, improved metal support contact, and increased thermal stability with Sr, Ce, and Ga promoters. The synthesized catalyst 5Ni+1Ga-DSZ95 maintained stability for 240 min on stream during the POM at 700 °C. Adding a 1% Ga promoter and active metal Ni to the DSZ95 improved the CH4 conversion from 70.00% to 75.90% and raised the H2 yield from 69.21% to 74.80%, while maintaining the reactants’ stoichiometric ratio of (CH4:O2 = 2:1). The 5Ni+1Ga-DSZ95 catalyst is superior to the other catalysts, given its rich catalyst surface, strong metal support interaction, high surface area and low amount of carbon deposit. The high H2/CO ratio (>2.6) and H2 yield close to 75% indicate that 5Ni+1Ga-DSZ95 is a potent industrial catalyst for hydrogen-rich syngas production through partial oxidation of methane.

Enhanced metal-support interaction over Pd-Au/TiO2 catalysts for vinyl acetate synthesis

The reaction of ethylene and acetic acid to produce vinyl acetate (VAM) was investigated on Pd-Au nanoparticles (NPs) supported on TiO2. Compared with the commercial catalyst Pd-Au/SiO2, Pd-Au/TiO2 exhibited a higher turnover frequency (TOF), likely due to the formation of smaller Pd-Au NPs (∼1.9 nm) and metal support interactions (MSI) between TiO2 with Pd-Au NPs. We found that the oxygen vacancies (OVs) of the TiO2 were regulated by adjusting the reduction temperature, facilitating electron transfer from TiO2 to the Pd-Au NPs, leading to enhanced MSI. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (In situ DRIFTs) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that the electron-rich Pd-Au NPs of Pd-Au/TiO2 catalyst enhanced O2 activation for increased TOF, and also promoted AcOH dehydrogenation and the key reaction of ethylene and acetate coupling. Our findings demonstrated that reducible supports could effectively influence the electronic properties of Pd-Au NPs through the construction of MSI, thereby enhancing catalytic activity.

Mental health and access to support among 2SLGBTQ+ youth.

Compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers, youth who are Two-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer and those who use other terms related to gender or sexual diversity (2SLGBTQ+) are at elevated risk for mental health difficulties and suicidality. The social experiences of 2SLGBTQ+ youth, including the impact of minority stress, access to social support, and experiences of negative social interactions, may contribute to this disparity. Participants were 2,047 youth aged 15 to 24 years who responded to the 2022 Mental Health and Access to Care Survey. The 2SLGBTQ+ population was derived from youth reports of their gender, sex at birth, and sexual orientation. Two dimensions of social experiences were assessed using the Social Provisions Scale and the Negative Social Interactions Scale. Symptoms of mental health and substance use disorders were assessed via computer-assisted diagnostic interview using a modified version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Use of formal and informal mental health supports was self-reported by youth. Results indicated significant group differences in the proportion of youth meeting criteria for any CIDI disorder, a major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, and suicidal ideation in the past 12 months. For example, 56% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49 to 63) of 2SLGBTQ+ youth met criteria for any CIDI disorder, compared with 29% (95% CI: 26 to 32) of cisgender heterosexual youth. Logistic regression models suggested that after adjusting for demographic covariates, 2SLGBTQ+ youth were at elevated risk of these mental health conditions compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers. These differences remained apparent after adjusting for social support and negative social interactions. Among those meeting criteria for any disorder, 2SLGBTQ+ youth were more likely to report receiving formal and informal mental health support. 2SLGBTQ+ youth are at elevated risk of several indicators of poor mental health compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers - differences which are not fully explained by their access to social support and negative social interactions. Some of the remaining differences may potentially be explained by the impact of unmeasured aspects of minority stress on 2SLGBTQ+ youth.

Human vs. AI counseling: College students' perspectives

Transitioning to college life while navigating the complexities of emerging adulthood can be stressful. In some instances, it may even lead to the onset of mental health problems or the exacerbation of existing issues. While therapeutic resources are typically available in tertiary educational contexts, social stigma may lead to service underutilization. Additionally, high student-to-therapist ratios can create bottlenecks to access when such services are sought. Offering an adjunct to traditional campus counseling services, AI chatbots can potentially address such issues. Chatbots can provide flexible, accessible, anonymous, and cost-effective first-line support, improving access and extending traditional treatment methodologies. This study evaluates college students' perceptions (N = 224) of an AI chatbot (Pi) designed to emulate supportive and empathetic interactions characterized by active listening. Participants blindly assessed transcripts from active listening interactions between a client and Pi versus interactions between a client and a human counselor/therapist. The results indicate that participants could not distinguish between the human-human and human-AI counseling transcripts, answering correctly only 47.5% of the time. Moreover, participants gave higher quality ratings to the human-AI counseling transcripts than the human-human ones. These findings provide tentative support for the user-acceptability of relational AI chatbots during the counseling process's early phases (active listening and problem exploration).

CO2 utilization for the synthesis of propylene carbonate from propylene oxide using CeO2–La2O3 mixed oxide under solventless condition

One of the most promising strategies for removing excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is CO2 utilization. Here, we describe the effective synthesis of propylene carbonate utilizing CeO2–La2O3 (Ce–La) mixed oxide, combining propylene oxide with carbon dioxide. The addition of La2O3 (La) to CeO2(Ce) resulted in an increase in oxygen vacancy, reducibility, and support–support interaction. Modifying the La:Ce ratio leads to a fine–tuning of the reducibility of the oxide, which can be explained by the formation of oxygen vacancies in the ceria lattice upon La addition. This modification also permits tailoring of the oxide morphology (lattice parameter, pore structure, particle size, and surface area). Powder X–ray diffraction (P–XRD), temperature programmed reduction by hydrogen (H2–TPR), Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area, and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the physico–chemical properties of the developed materials. Additionally, it demonstrates excellent catalytic activity for the solvent–free cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide, yielding 86%, and it maintains its high stability over five cycles without changing its shape.

Does Social Media Make Tourists More like Special Forces? The Impact of Supportive Communication on Generation Z’s Intention to Engage in Special Forces-Style Tourism

In the post-COVID-19 era, tourism and cultural industries have begun to bounce back, and their “revenge tourism” desire has forced “Special Forces-style tourism”, which was popularized throughout Chinese social media in 2023. This study explores a current knowledge gap in understanding how social media inspires Generation Z’s engagement in Special Forces tourism and implications for practical sustainable tourism. By leaning on the SOR model, Social Identity Theory, and Social Learning Theory, this study investigates how supportive and interactive social media environments shape the sustainable engagement intentions of Generation Z. We experimentally find that perceived supportive communication about sustainability issues significantly inflates sustainable engagement intentions in high-interactivity settings, by encouraging flow experiences and vicarious reinforcement that facilitate socially responsible travel decisions. Key findings include identification of supportive online interactions that can facilitate sustainable tourism among born-digital travelers, who enable informed, socially and environmentally responsible tourism behaviors.

자폐 청소년의 지역사회기반 사회성 발달과정에 관한 종단적 사례연구: 13세에서 22세까지

Objectives This study examines cases longitudinally where ‘A’ - autistic adolescent - developed social skills through various interventions from ages 13 to 22 and discusses promoting factors. Methods We collected data through interviews with special education instructor, art therapist, and ‘A’ who participated in the social development intervention of autistic adolescent, and art product and digital talk etc. of ‘A’, and were analyzed base by narrative explanation on Yin's single case study method. To ensure the reliability and validity of the findings, a multi-faceted approach to data collection and analysis was employed. Interviews were conducted with special education teachers and art therapists who were involved in A's social development interventions. Results Factors promoting individual A's social development include: firstly, engagement in one-on-one sessions with a special education instructor as part of integrated educational interventions during middle school, coupled with sandplay therapy to address the aftermath of school violence under the guidance of a professional counselor, alongside supportive interactions with peers and the homeroom teacher. Secondly, active participation in a village education community initiative since high school, involving collaborative engagement with family members, fostering self-expression through performances and exhibitions, and sustained peer interaction. Lastly, utilization of non-verbal expressive tools such as sand play therapy, art therapy, and singing to facilitate self-reflection and communication to others. Conclusions ‘A’ who encountered school violence as a result of autism, has nonetheless progressed in social skills, self-expression, and societal communication through diverse interventions facilitated by both the school and village educational community since middle school. This study posits that community-based intervention is imperative for the social advancement of autistic children, and furthermore, it is poised to serve as a reference case in the establishment of a community-based lifelong education system tailored for adolescent with disabilities.

Longitudinal change and association between four types of social support and mental health among low-income U.S. veterans.

This study sought to examine how perceived social support changes over time for U.S. veterans and how social support relates to their mental health longitudinally. Data from a nationally representative sample of 783 low-income U.S. veterans in 2021-2023 were analyzed to examine changes and correlates of four different types of social support (Emotional/Informational Support, Tangible Support, Affectionate Support and Positive Social Interaction) over 1 year. Weighted logistic mixed models were conducted. The majority of veterans reported no change in their level of perceived social support, but about 18%-26% reported either an increase or decrease (about evenly split about increase/decrease) in their perceived level of one of the four types of social support. High levels of the four types of social support were associated with being married and a lower likelihood of screening positive for depression. Other differential associations were found between sociodemographic characteristics and some types of social support. These findings confirm the value of assessing perceived social support among veterans with low socioeconomic status who may have mental health issues.

Synergistic Electronic Interaction in PdCu Alloy/TiO2-NSs for Ambient Efficient Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid.

Palladium-based catalysts are remarkable in endorsing hydrogen (H2) generation through formic acid (HCOOH, FA) dehydrogenation under near-ambient conditions. Hydrogen energy efficiency depends on high-performance catalyst design. In this study, Pd-Cu nanoalloy catalysts with mutable atomic ratios are successfully fabricated on TiO2 nanosheets (TiO2-NSs).The synergistic electronic interactions between Palladium (Pd) and copper (Cu) are revealed through a density of states (DOS) analysis of alloy supported over a mixed valence state of Ti linked to oxygen vacancies (Vo) in TiO2-NSs, Enhanced adsorption of target molecules reveals novel active sites for Formic acid dehydrogenation (FAD), with O─H bond cleavage via HCOO formate intermediate preceding C─H and C─O bond cleavage. Experimental and theoretical research demonstrates that the Pd-Cu/TiO2-NSs (3:7) catalyst d electron redistribution and d-band center shift lower the activation energy for O─H bond cleavage, exhibit superior H2 production than pure Pd and Cu, increasing Pd electron density due to synergistic effects from reactive crystal facets, defects, and strong metal support interactions (SMSI), lowering the activation energy for HCOOH dissociation step, generating carbon dioxide (CO2) and H2 with a unprecedented high turnover frequency (TOF) of 6268 molH2.h-1.molPd-1 at 303K with activation energy (Ea) of 15 KJ mol-1. This attempt models an efficient HCOOH-to-hydrogen catalyst.

The Role of Self-efficacy in Motivating Middle School Students' Learning

Self-efficacy is a pivotal psychological factor that shapes an individual's actions and motivations, significantly influencing the learning journey of middle school students. By examining the current state of self-efficacy and learning motivation among adolescents, this paper, drawing on practical teaching insights, explores their interplay. Evidence suggests that students with robust self-efficacy tend to exhibit stronger learning motivation and resilience, whereas those with lower self-efficacy are more likely to shy away from academic challenges. Hence, bolstering students' self-efficacy is critical for enhancing their learning drive. The paper proposes strategies such as achievement feedback, teacher support, and peer interaction to improve self-efficacy among middle school students.

DBD plasma induced SMOSI and encapsulation for regulation of Brønsted-Lewis acid sites of Cr-MOFs@ZrO2

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the synthesis of Zr-MOFs followed by the calcination and combination with Cr-MOFs was presented to prepare a Brønsted-Lewis bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The strong electric field on the catalyst surface formed by DBD plasma induced the enhancement of strong metal oxide support interaction (SMOSI), which could be indicated by XPS. SMOSI could change the embedding degree of metal micro-particles. SMOSI accompanied with the encapsulation of Zr metal nanoparticles could regulate the acid sites of the catalysts. Lewis acid played an important role in the isomerization of glucose to fructose, while Brønsted acid played a key role in the further conversion of glucose. The strong Brønsted acid sites determined the conversion of glucose to HMF. Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D with the DBD plasma method afforded a higher Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio, compared with Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-S with the hydrothermal method. Glucose conversion of 97.9 % and HMF yield of 38 % were obtained with DMF solvent system and Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D at 150 °C for 2h. This research provided a new method for preparing Zr-MOFs by DBD plasma and a new idea to comprehensively understand the role of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in glucose conversion.

Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction Induces Hydrogen Spillover and Platinum Utilization in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

AbstractThe substantial promotion of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance relies on the breakup of the Sabatier principle, which can be achieved by the alternation of the support and electronic metal support interaction (EMSI) is noticed. Due to the utilization of tungsten disulfides as support for platinum (Pt@WS2), surprisingly, Pt@WS2 demands only 31 mV overpotential to attain 10 mA cm−2 in acidic HER test, corresponding to a 2.5‐fold higher mass activity than benchmarked Pt/C. The pH dependent electrochemical measurements associated with H2‐TPD and in situ Raman spectroscopy indicate a hydrogen spillover involved HER mechanism is confirmed. The WS2 support triggers a higher hydrogen binding strength for Pt leading to the increment in hydrogen concentration at Pt sites proved by upshifted d band center as well as lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen, favourable for hydrogen spillover. Besides, the WS2 shows a comparably lower effect on Gibbs free energy for different Pt layers (−0.50 eV layer−1) than carbon black (−0.88 eV layer−1) contributing to a better Pt utilization. Also, the theoretical calculation suggests the hydrogen spillover occurs on the 3rd Pt layer in Pt@WS2; moreover, the energy barrier is lowered with increment in hydrogen coverage on Pt. Therefore, the boosted HER activity attributes to the EMSI effect caused hydrogen spillover and enhancement in Pt utilization efficiency.

Electronic Metal-Support Interaction Induces Hydrogen Spillover and Platinum Utilization in Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

The substantial promotion of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance relies on the breakup of the Sabatier principle, which can be achieved by the alternation of the support and electronic metal support interaction (EMSI) is noticed. Due to the utilization of tungsten disulfides as support for platinum (Pt@WS2), surprisingly, Pt@WS2 demands only 31 mV overpotential to attain 10 mA cm-2 in acidic HER test, corresponding to a 2.5-fold higher mass activity than benchmarked Pt/C. The pH dependent electrochemical measurements associated with H2-TPD and in situ Raman spectroscopy indicate a hydrogen spillover involved HER mechanism is confirmed. The WS2 support triggers a higher hydrogen binding strength for Pt leading to the increment in hydrogen concentration at Pt sites proved by upshifted d band center as well as lower Gibbs free energy of hydrogen, favourable for hydrogen spillover. Besides, the WS2 shows a comparably lower effect on Gibbs free energy for different Pt layers (-0.50 eV layer-1) than carbon black (-0.88 eV layer-1) contributing to a better Pt utilization. Also, the theoretical calculation suggests the hydrogen spillover occurs on the 3rd Pt layer in Pt@WS2; moreover, the energy barrier is lowered with increment in hydrogen coverage on Pt. Therefore, the boosted HER activity attributes to the EMSI effect caused hydrogen spillover and enhancement in Pt utilization efficiency.

Why does a self-learning environment matter? Motivational support of teachers and peers, enjoyment and learning strategies

This study examines the influence of instructional environments on students' academic enjoyment, motivational support, and learning strategies within the framework of control-value theory. Addressing a gap in empirical research on rubric-guided self-learning (SL), the study explores how peer and teacher motivation interact with achievement emotions to shape learning outcomes. A sample of 1410 students in grades 7 and 8 participated, with SL environments incorporating competency rubrics compared to traditional teacher-centered settings. Multigroup structural equation modeling was used to test latent interactions of motivational support on students' enjoyment, effort, and control strategies. Results indicate that SL environments foster greater enjoyment than traditional learning, though the impact of peer motivation lessens as enjoyment increases in SL contexts. Notably, peer motivation played a more complex role in traditional classrooms, at times moderating the relationship between enjoyment and effort negatively. These findings suggest that SL environments may better support autonomous motivation by reducing reliance on peer influence, highlighting the benefits of self-regulated learning models that prioritize intrinsic motivation. This study provides practical insights for designing learning environments that enhance student enjoyment and engagement.

Linking acculturation stress, parenting stress and depression of Asian expatriates' wives in the USA with their distress disclosure intention: The moderating role of husband's support

The present circumstances of Asian expatriates' wives residing in the United States and the effects of acculturation stress, parenthood stress, and depression on the distress disclosure intention have been examined this study. The nature of this investigation is exploratory. 611 married women with children who reside in the United States provided data, which was then processed with a measurement model, structural analysis, mediating analysis, moderating analysis, and regression analysis. Structural analysis showed that acculturation stress influenced parenting stress and depression. In addition, it is viewed that there is the positive link between parenting stress, and depression; distress disclosure intention was caused by parenting stress and depression. Finally, it is observed from the regression analysis that supportive husband interactions had not moderated the link between depression and distress disclosure intention. The data gathered from Asian women who live overseas and have children makes the empirical proof possible. The developed conceptual framework can be used in other geographical areas.

Boosting the active sites of Cu/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts through tailored precipitation method

A reverse co-precipitation method was employed to increase the surface area of Ce0.8Zr0.2O2, resulting in boosting the active sites of Cu catalysts in the water–gas shift reaction (WGS). Active Cu sites and oxygen vacancy have been systematically controlled through the modification of physical properties and geometric configuration via a reverse co-precipitation of Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 support. The catalytic activity in WGS is primarily dependent on the number of active Cu species and is partially on the oxygen storage capacity. The kinetic results with Cu loadings revealed that the efficiency of active metal utilization was effectively enhanced by a reverse co-precipitation method, compared to the normal precipitation method, owing to the moderate metal–support interactions. The turnover frequency values were independent of Cu dispersion, highlighting the structure-insensitivity of Cu/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 catalysts. This work suggests the possibility of controlling metal–support interactions through support synthesis methods.