Support Interaction Research Articles

Influence of Oxidation Temperature on the Regeneration of a Commercial Pt-Sn/Al2O3 Propane Dehydrogenation Catalyst

In the propane dehydrogenation process, the structure and catalytic performance stability of the catalyst are determined by its regeneration process, which includes oxidation of coke and oxychlorination to redisperse the supported metal particles. A commercial Pt-Sn catalyst was used in this work to investigate the impact of oxidation temperature on oxychlorination performance. The catalysts after oxidation and oxychlorination were characterized by H2-TPR, CO-DRIFTS, HAADF-STEM, XPS, and CO chemisorption. It was found that mild sintering of Pt occurred during oxidation in the temperature range of 550–650 °C, and the catalyst could be fully restored in the subsequent oxychlorination treatment. Upon oxidation of the catalyst at 700 °C, a severe aggregation of Pt and SnOx could be observed, and the catalyst could not be fully regenerated under the given oxychlorination conditions. However, PDH catalyst deactivation caused by sintering is not irreversible. By tailoring the oxychlorination conditions, the detrimental effect of high oxidation temperature on regeneration could be ruled out. During the oxidation and oxychlorination treatment, the metal tends to migrate to anchor on sites with stronger metal–support interaction, which was helpful for enhancing the catalytic activity.

Instructors’ presence and communication strategies on student engagement in asynchronous online classes

This study investigated the factors influencing student engagement in asynchronous online classes, focusing on the roles of instructor presence, communication strategies, and demographic profiles. Data were collected from 385 college students employing moderated mediation with parallel mediators. The results revealed significant direct effects of instructor presence and communication strategies on student engagement, highlighting the pivotal role of these factors in shaping the online learning experience. Specifically, stronger instructor presence and effective communication strategies corresponded to higher levels of student engagement, emphasizing the importance of fostering supportive interactions and facilitating meaningful communication in virtual classrooms. Mediation analyses further clear the pathways through which these factors influence student engagement. Perceived instructional support emerged as a robust mediator between instructor presence and engagement, underscoring the significance of establishing a supportive learning environment. Additionally, technology self-efficacy played a modest yet significant role in mediating the impact of instructor presence and communication strategies on student engagement, highlighting the importance of students’ confidence in utilizing technology for academic purposes. While moderation analyses did not reveal significant effects of demographic profiles on the relationships between key variables, the findings underscore the universality of effective teaching practices in fostering student engagement across diverse student populations. These findings have important implications for online teaching practices and educational policies, emphasizing the need to prioritize strategies that enhance instructor support, foster effective communication, and promote technological proficiency among students. By addressing these factors, educators and institutions can optimize the online learning experience and promote meaningful engagement among students in asynchronous online classes.

Unravelling the morphology effect of Pt/In2O3 catalysts for highly efficient hydrogen production by methanol steam reforming

Methanol steam reforming (MSR) constitutes an attractive reaction for high-yield on-board hydrogen production for H2-fueled fuel cell applications. Engineering the morphology of Pt/In2O3 heterogeneous catalyst is a feasible strategy for efficient MSR catalyst design, which can construct the Pt2+-In2O3 interfacial sites by utilizing the interaction between Pt and In2O3, thereby facilitating oxygen vacancy creation and activating methanol and water molecules. In this work, three kinds of In2O3 supports with different morphologies of nanorods, nanocubes and nanoplates were synthesized, and Pt/In2O3 catalysts were prepared by deposition–precipitation method. The performance of the catalysts for MSR hydrogen production was evaluated at 250 ∼ 375 ℃. The rod-shaped Pt/In2O3 catalyst with extremely low loading of Pt (0.21 wt%) exhibited the superior catalytic activity compared to the other two counterpart catalysts, achieving the complete CH3OH conversion and the CO selectivity as low as 3.8 % at 325 ℃. Moreover, the performance of Pt/r-In2O3 catalyst remained stable during the stability test for up to 40 h. Based on XRD, BET, HRTEM, XPS, Raman, UV–vis and H2-TPR characterization methods, the observed morphology-dependent reactivity of Pt/In2O3 catalysts can be correlated to the good low-temperature reducibility, abundant surface Pt2+ and adsorbed reactive oxygen species, which was originated from the exposed (211) crystal planes. The preferential exposed (211) crystal plane enables a stronger interaction of In2O3 support with Pt species resulting in the synergistic effect of high oxygen vacancy content, high proportion of Pt2+, and the formation of Pt2+-In2O3 interface active sites, which facilitates the activation and conversion of methanol and water molecules. The developed strategy may provide insight into the development of the design principles for high-performance methanol reforming catalysts for hydrogen production.

CO2 hydrogenation over rhodium cluster catalyst nucleated within a manganese oxide framework

Rhodium-based manganese oxide frameworks were explored as a prototype for carbon dioxide reactive capture and conversion. Three-dimensional frameworks of MnOx were utilized as support structures to isolate Rh metal centers. V, Na, and Zn were introduced as counterions to stabilize the structure and for their beneficial effect as promoters. With this multicomponent catalyst, Rh active centers with MnOxs and varied counterions, we were able to selectively tune the catalytic performance of the material via the choice of counterion and structure of the host material. With cryptomelane-type tunnel manganese oxides octahedral molecular sieve (OMS2), we found that Rh-V-OMS2 was highly stable even after 48 hours on stream with a reaction rate of around 1.5×10−4 mol CO2/gRh/s, surpassing the net reactivity of other initially more active combinations. Furthermore, during CO2 hydrogenation, in situ XAFS showed that single Rh atoms nucleated into nanoparticles/ sub-nanometer clusters with a coordination number of 5.5 or less. Our finding of the correlation between the reaction rate and particle size offers the potential for enhanced control over the reaction rate by tuning particle size. Our activity study with control experiments demonstrates that the activities of the catalysts are proved due to the unique metal support interaction offered by the Rh-X-MnO.

Hubungan Bimbingan Orang Tua Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun

This research analyzes the effect of parental guidance on the reading ability of children aged 5-6 years. Based on a systematic review of twelve articles, it was found that parents' active involvement in reading activities had a significant impact on children's reading abilities. Positive parenting patterns, such as democratic parenting, and the routine of reading together at home contribute greatly to the development of children's reading abilities. This research is a Systematic Review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses method or commonly called PRISMA. The research sample consisted of twelve articles published in the 2019-2024 period. The results showed that children who received intensive guidance from parents showed significant improvements in reading ability compared to children who received minimal guidance. Parents' education and economic factors also influence the effectiveness of the guidance provided. This conclusion emphasizes the important role of parents in supporting early childhood reading development through positive and supportive interactions.

Recent Advances in the Use of Controlled Nanocatalysts in Methane Conversion Reactions

This study investigates the utilization of controlled nanocatalysts in methane conversion reactions, addressing the pressing need for the efficient utilization of methane as a feedstock for valuable chemicals and clean energy. The methods employed include a comprehensive review of recent advancements in nanocatalyst synthesis, characterization, and application, as well as the critical analysis of underlying mechanisms and controversies in methane activation and transformation. The main findings reveal significant progress in the design and synthesis of controlled nanocatalysts, enabling enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability in methane conversion reactions. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of resolving controversies surrounding metal–support interactions for rational catalyst design. Overall, the study underscores the pivotal role of nanotechnology in shaping the future of methane utilization and sustainable energy production, providing valuable insights for guiding future research directions and technological developments in this field.

The relationship between family functioning and social media addiction among university students: a moderated mediation model of depressive symptoms and peer support

BackgroundSocial media addiction (SMA) is an increasing problem, especially among young adults. Little is known about university students’ SMA and family functioning. This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of peer support in the relationship between family functioning and SMA among young adults.MethodsA sample of 1862 Chinese university students completed an online survey including the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Family APGAR, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), peer support, and demographic characteristics. Hierarchical regression and moderated mediation analysis were used to test the effects and pathways among them.ResultsOf the 1840 participants, 30.11% experienced SMA, 38.80% had family dysfunction and 15.98% had depressive symptoms. Hierarchical multiple regression showed better family functioning significantly predicted less SMA (β = -0.26, p < 0.001) and lower depressive symptoms (β = -0.58, p < 0.001), after adjusting for covariates. Mediation analysis verified that depressive symptoms mediated the effect of family functioning on SMA (indirect effect = -0.22, 95%CI[-0.28, -0.17]). Furthermore, the interaction of family functioning and peer support was negatively related to depressive symptoms (β= -0.03, 95% CI[-0.05, -0.01]) and the interaction of depressive symptoms and peer support was positively related to SMA (β = 0.01, 95%CI[0.004, 0.02]). Additional analysis further confirmed that peer support decreased depressive symptoms among young adults from dysfunctional families, and increased SMA behaviors in individuals with depressive symptoms.ConclusionBetter family functioning and lower depressive symptoms may contribute to less social media addiction among Chinese university students. Peer support could moderate the mediating role of depressive symptoms on social media addiction in individuals with family dysfunction.

Ru–CeO2 Nanocatalysts with Weak Metal–Support Interactions for Ethylene Methoxycarbonylation

Ru–CeO₂ Nanocatalysts with Weak Metal–Support Interactions for Ethylene Methoxycarbonylation

Gallium-Promoted Strong Metal–Support Interaction over a Supported Cu/ZnO Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming

Gallium-Promoted Strong Metal–Support Interaction over a Supported Cu/ZnO Catalyst for Methanol Steam Reforming

Parent stress and social support in a randomized controlled trial of individual versus group parent training for children with HKD/ADHD

AbstractObjectivesAssess (a) the relative benefit of individual versus group parent training compared to treatment as usual (TAU) with an emphasis on parent outcomes. Investigate (b) if group parent training increases social support more than other modes of treatment and explore (c) how social support interacts with different modes of treatment.MethodCompared individual with group parent training and treatment as usual (TAU) in a randomized controlled trial for N = 237 children with Hyperkinetic Disorder/Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (HKD/ADHD). Employed two formats of the same cognitive‐behavioural parent training in the same settings to maximize comparability. Controlled for medication status and assessed changes from pre‐ to post‐treatment and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsParents reported more positive changes in the parent training groups than in TAU in relation to child behaviour problems and moodiness as well as more positive changes in parent stress and sense of competence. However, gains on parent stress were limited after group training as were gains on satisfaction. Social support improved similarly in all treatment groups. While results indicated clear main effects of social support on all child and parent measures, interactions of social support and treatment outcomes were found for child moodiness and parent stress.ConclusionsCognitive‐behavioural parent training is beneficial beyond TAU, especially when it can be provided individually. Surprisingly, group training did not reduce parent stress more than TAU or individual training. Social support related to all measures and interacted with treatment on some outcomes. The findings have numerous implications for research and practice.

Analyzing Lived Experiences of Athlete and Coach Relationships in Sports

Objectives. The two main stressors affecting athletes’ wellbeing are relationships between coaches and athletes and social support. This study aims to investigate the connections between athletes’ psychological health, social support, and coach-athlete interactions. Relationships between coaches and athletes have a favorable impact on future coaching techniques and support systems, which in turn improves athlete wellbeing. Materials and methods. This study employed a quantitative approach using survey methods. The study involved 323 respondents consisting of 231 males (71.52%) and 92 females (28.48%). The instrument used in this study was the Instructor–Student Rapport Scale, comprising 2 dimensions (pleasant interactions and personal relationships). The study results were analyzed using the t-test to determine the significance of differences in athletes’ life experiences based on their relationship with the coach. The findings of the study explain that the experiences of athletes’ gender have differences regarding the relationship with the coach. Results. This result has also been proven by the results of the t test calculation of &lt;0.001. Meanwhile, the results of t test calculations related to the type of sport (individual and group) obtained results &gt; 0.001, which states that there is no difference in life experience between athletes and coaches. Conclusions. These findings lead to the conclusion that the most crucial factor in facilitating and enabling meaningful life experiences between coaches and athletes is the coach’s proximity to the athletes.

Advances on Single‐Atom‐Based Dual‐Site Photocatalysts: Fundamentals, Mechanisms, and Applications

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as leading‐edge research in the field of photocatalysis due to outstanding photocatalytic performance, maximum atomic utilization efficiency, and well‐defined catalytic active sites. However, the singular functionality of active sites in SACs restricts their applications in complex redox reactions involving multiple intermediates and reaction pathways. To circumvent this limitation, a second site comprising single atoms (SA), alloys, clusters, or nanoparticles is proposed to establish SA‐based dual‐site photocatalysts (SA DSPs). While maintaining 100% atomic utilization, the second site and site–site collaboration endow SA DSPs with superior photocatalytic activities to surpass those of SACs. In this review, the latest investigations on SA DSPs featuring diverse compositions, electronic and geometric configurations, site–site collaboration, and metal–support interactions are summarized. Thereafter, the mechanisms underlying enhanced photocatalytic activities are elucidated regarding the roles of the dual sites in charge‐carrier dynamics and surface reactivity. Furthermore, the state‐of‐the‐art applications in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 reduction, and methane oxidation, etc., over SA DSPs are discussed. It is anticipated that this review will offer insights into precise control and design of dual sites in photocatalysts, thereby advancing photocatalysis toward commercial viability.

Facile synthesis of iron nanoparticles from Camellia Sinensis leaves catalysed for biodiesel synthesis from Azolla filiculoides

Recent years have seen an increase in research on biodiesel, an environmentally benign and renewable fuel alternative for traditional fossil fuels. Biodiesel might become more cost-effective and competitive with diesel if a solid heterogeneous catalyst is used in its production. One way to make biodiesel more affordable and competitive with diesel is to employ a solid heterogeneous catalyst in its manufacturing. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the researchers in this study proved their hypothesis that iron oxide core–shell nanoparticles were generated during the green synthesis of iron-based nanoparticles (FeNPs) from Camellia Sinensis leaves. The fabrication of spherical iron nanoparticles was successfully confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As a heterogeneous catalyst, the synthesised catalyst has shown potential in facilitating the conversion of algae oil into biodiesel. With the optimal parameters (0.5 weight percent catalytic load, 1:6 oil—methanol ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 1 h and 30 min reaction duration), a 93.33% yield was attained. This may be due to its acid–base property, chemical stability, stronger metal support interaction. Furthermore, the catalyst was employed for transesterification reactions five times after regeneration with n-hexane washing followed by calcination at 650 °C for 3 h.

Overcoming Youth Online Isolation in China by Supporting Neighbourhood Community Interactions through Co-Created Outdoor Personal Spaces

The fast pace of urban life, the high cost of living, and the complexity of interpersonal relationships are triggering social isolation among urban residential youths in China. Furthermore, online demand is causing social isolation due to a lack of physical human interactions which leads to poorer mental and physical health. Therefore, there is a need to get the youth generation to go offline to enjoy natural living and live healthily in society. A desktop survey was conducted as part of a larger study to improve community engagement in urban residential outdoor environments for youth. The results found offline community engagement could improve the well-being of young residents by taking advantage of its positive physical and mental effects. Using visual tools for exploring the functional and aesthetic landscape needs and motivation for co-creating personalized spaces in a residential community is proposed. After the introduction of the background problem, this proposal will present the literature survey results on youth generation in China, urban residential outdoor environment, and improved community engagement. This study contributes to the development of an offline community engagement model for youths in residential communities. The proposed model is expected to alleviate the current social isolation situation for the youth generation. Future studies are recommended to include the identification of key characteristics of the youth generation and the lifestyles they prefer, applications of the new co-design mode in the design phase, and application of new visual technology in landscape design practice.

RELATIONAL SEDIMENTS IN THE BACKWASH OF PROTEST WAVES: EXPLORING NETWORK CONSEQUENCES OF COLLECTIVE ACTION

This article addresses the puzzling relational void in the analysis of collective action consequences by exploring how protest waves affect local network structures in two German towns. We compare three periods of time: a preprotest wave latency period, a protest wave period, and a postwave latency period, as defined in relation to contentious collective action around the refugee reception crisis in 2015. Adopting a field perspective, our analysis uses digital communication data to capture the referencing practices between all actors involved in local migration-related protests irrespective of actor type or political orientation. This results in networks of both supportive and antagonistic interaction. Applying network analysis, especially multiple regression quadratic assignment procedures (MRQAP), we find significant and distinct patterns of change and stability for supportive and antagonistic ties. We argue that these findings provide stepping stones for the emergent literature on relational consequences of collective action.

Origin of the synergistic effects of bimetallic nanoparticles coupled with a metal oxide heterostructure for accelerating catalytic performance

AbstractPrecisely tuning bicomponent intimacy during reactions by traditional methods remains a formidable challenge in the fabrication of highly active and stable catalysts because of the difficulty in constructing well‐defined catalytic systems and the occurrence of agglomeration during assembly. To overcome these limitations, a PtRuPNiO@TiOx catalyst on a Ti plate was prepared by ultrasound‐assisted low‐voltage plasma electrolysis. This method involves the oxidation of pure Ti metal and co‐reduction of strong metals at 3000°C, followed by sonochemical ultrasonication under ambient conditions in an aqueous solution. The intimacy of the bimetals in PtRuPNiO@TiOx is tuned, and the metal nanoparticles are uniformly distributed on the porous titania coating via strong metal‒support interactions by leveraging the instantaneous high‐energy input from the plasma discharge and ultrasonic irradiation. The intimacy of PtRuPNiO@TiOx increases the electron density on the Pt surface. Consequently, the paired sites exhibit a high hydrogen evolution reaction activity (an overpotential of 220 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slope of 186 mV dec−1), excellent activity in the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol with a robust stability for up to 20 cycles, and the ability to contrast stated catalysts without ultrasonication and plasma electrolysis. This study facilitates industrially important reactions through synergistic chemical interactions.

OTT 사용자 락인 및 프라이버시 우려 완화: 서비스 다양성, 기술 지원, 그리고 사회적 상호작용성의 역할

OTT 사용자 락인 및 프라이버시 우려 완화: 서비스 다양성, 기술 지원, 그리고 사회적 상호작용성의 역할

Exploring The Connection of Passion and Motivation in Higher Education Singing and Choral Training in Music Performance Education

This qualitative study explores the intricate dynamics between students' passion for music and their motivation in higher education music performance classes. Guided by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the research involves in-depth interviews with fifteen undergraduate music performance majors. The study identifies five pivotal themes shaping students' motivation. The theme of personal music connections emphasises the profound impact of individualised relationships with music, highlighting the significance of nurturing personal and emotional dimensions within musical connections. Exposure to diverse musical styles emerges as a transformative factor, broadening students' musical horizons and significantly influencing their motivation. Involvement in extracurricular music activities is identified as a powerful motivator, providing real-world experiences that enhance students' passion for music performance. The theme of supportive interactions highlights the critical role played by educators, peers, and the overall learning environment in shaping students' motivation. Cultivating a strong personal bond with music accentuates the profound impact of an individualised and emotionally resonant connection with music on students' motivation within the educational context. These findings underscore the vital role of cultivating enthusiasm, providing diverse musical experiences, and fostering supportive environments to enhance motivation in higher education music performance classes. The implications extend to educators, enabling them to design more engaging and effective music programs, enriching the overall educational experience for students.

YOLOv5 driven smart glasses for visually impaired

This project introduces an innovative AI-based interactive shopping assistance system tailored specifically for visually impaired individuals, aiming to enhance their shopping experience and promote inclusivity in retail environments. Leveraging advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, the system provides personalized assistance, navigation support, and seamless interaction for users facing visual challenges. Through intuitive interfaces and adaptive technologies, disabled individuals are empowered to navigate retail spaces with greater independence and confidence. The system utilizes a camera module and YOLO-based deep learning algorithms on a Raspberry Pi 4 for real-time object classification, converting processed information into accessible audio output. In addition to these features, the system incorporates a language customization capability using OCR and gTTS technology, enabling conversion of audio output into multiple languages based on user preference. By prioritizing the needs of visually impaired individuals, this groundbreaking system aims to enhance accessibility and promote an inclusive shopping experience for all.

Enactive Interaction in Support of Creative Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

Creative learning can be understood as a process of personal transformation driven by the acquisition of new knowledge and skills through active participation in projects that are meaningful to the individuals. This process enables them to develop the capacity for innovation in different contexts. Contemporary technologies that allow more physical and immersive modes of interaction brought the concept of enactive systems, technological environments where there is a form of dynamic body-technology coupling. In this work, we present results from a systematic literature review of studies that supported creative learning using interactive environments with enactive characteristics, in educational contexts. The systematic review was conducted based on works published during the period of 2012–2022. The methodology details the research questions, selection criteria, search string, data collection and the quality and relevance of the selected documents. Results showed that environments of the selected studies present mainly the embodiment and emergence characteristics as part of their interaction. These environments promoted user initiatives, enabled users to think creatively and encouraged communication and collaboration. Results also point out other aspects of enactive approaches to cognition such as autonomy, sense-making, and intersubjectivity.