Support For Youth Research Articles

Environmental attitudes among Serbian university students

This article aims to analyse the attitudes of Serbian university students towards environmental issues and risks, as it is crucial to understand these attitudes to shape future environmental policies and promote sustainability initiatives. The survey, which covered socio-demographic, economic, and environmental variables, gathered insights for gaining insights into environmental awareness and important factors promoting pro-environmental behaviour among youth. In total, 165 responses were obtained. A Chi-square test of independence and a logistic regression model was employed for analysis. The survey results show university students perceive inadequate recycling habits (65%) and limited green spaces (73%) in their cities. They consider the environmental risks considerable, possibly leading to migration (66%) and urban depopulation (47%). They advocate for increased awareness campaigns (66.7%) and greater use of renewable energy (64.2%), as well as stricter penalties for environmental violations (61.8%). The analysis revealed a significant relationship between self-assessed environmental awareness and actual environmental behaviour, with students who reported higher awareness being more likely to engage in environmentally friendly actions. Gender and family recycling habits were significant predictors of environmental behaviour, with females and students from the families with recycling practices more likely to exhibit pro-environmental behaviour. These results indicate that the surveyed university students have developed environmental habits and awareness. Supporting youth is central to tackling environmental issues and promoting sustainable behaviour. In addition to educational efforts in Serbia, this requires comprehensive government and civil society initiatives.

The Development of a Brief but Comprehensive Therapeutic Assessment Protocol for the Screening and Support of Youth in the Community to Address the Youth Mental Health Crisis.

The objective of this study was to explore the acceptability and feasibility of a therapeutic assessment protocol for the Screening and Support of Youth (SASY). SASY provides brief but comprehensive community-based screening and support for diverse youth in the community. SASY screening evaluates symptoms, functioning and clinical risk. The Kiddie Computerized Adaptive Test was used to evaluate seven different diagnoses and symptom severity. The Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Self was used to measure functional impairment. Measures were scored according to nationally developed norms. An algorithm was developed to aggregate symptom and function ratings into an overall score for clinical risk. The results are discussed with participants in a motivational interview designed to promote insight, followed by the opportunity for the participant to engage in an online intervention. Protocol changes necessitated by social distancing during the pandemic led to innovative methods including the use of a QR code for recruitment, integration of both online and offline participation, and expansion from in-person recruitment within the schools to virtual engagement with youth throughout the community. The final sample included disproportionately more Black or African American and Hispanic youth as compared to school and community statistics, suggesting that optimization of online and offline methods in research may facilitate the recruitment of diverse populations. Qualitative interviews indicated that the screening and feedback raised youth awareness of their wellbeing and/or distress, its impact on their functioning, and engagement with options for improved wellbeing. The emergence of innovative methods optimizing the advantages of both online and offline methods, developed as a necessity during the pandemic, proved advantageous to the feasibility and acceptability of community-based recruitment of at-risk, minoritized youth.

Using systems thinking to leverage adolescent sexual and reproductive health in rural Latino communities

Disparities in adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes in rural areas of the USA persist as a concern in achieving health equity for youth. A growing body of literature recognises that improving adolescents’ health necessitates systems thinking to address the culture and environment in which adolescents live. This paper uses systems thinking to identify leverage points to improve adolescent SRH in rural Latino communities in California. We conducted focus group discussions with 22 young people and interviewed 10 adult stakeholders to centre the perspectives of youth and youth-serving professionals. Transcripts were coded and analysed using systems thinking. Five themes were developed: (1) community and cultural norms can be a source of both support and stigma for youth; (2) families are key to supporting health education and services; (3) rural schools provide a central hub for programme delivery; (4) community-based organisations can work to serve rural youth, but limited resources and transport are challenges; and (5) youth face considerable barriers accessing SRH services in their communities. Using systems thinking to identify leverage points and gaps in interactions between system components influencing youth can aid in the development of more holistic and culturally responsive approaches for rural youth SRH.

Mobile Apps for the Personal Safety of At-Risk Children and Youth: Scoping Review.

Personal safety is a widespread public health issue that affects people of all demographics. There is a growing interest in the use of mobile apps for enhancing personal safety, particularly for children and youth at risk, who are among the most vulnerable groups in society. This study aims to explore what is known about the use of mobile apps for personal safety among children and youth identified to be "at risk." A scoping review following published methodological guidelines was conducted. In total, 5 databases (Scopus, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, Compendex, and Inspec Archive) were searched for relevant scholarly articles published between January 2005 and October 2023. The gray literature was searched using Google and Google Scholar search engines. The results were reported using the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. For summarizing the features and users' experiences of the apps, a published framework for evaluating the quality of mobile health apps for youth was used. A total of 1986 articles were identified, and 41 (2.1%) were included in the review. Nine personal safety apps were captured and categorized into 4 groups based on the goals of the apps, as follows: dating and sexual violence prevention (n=4, 44% of apps), bullying and school violence prevention (n=2, 22% of apps), self-harm and suicide prevention (n=2, 22% of apps), and homeless youth support (n=1, 11% of apps). Of the 41 articles, 25 (61%) provided data solely on app descriptions and features, while the remaining 16 (39%) articles provided data on app evaluations and descriptions. Outcomes focused on app engagement, users' experiences, and effectiveness. Four articles reported on app use, 3 (75%) of which reported relatively high app use. Data on users' experience were obtained from 13 studies. In general, participants found the app features to be easy to use and useful as educational resources and personal safety tools. Most of the views were positive. Negative perceptions included redundancy of app features and a lack of usefulness. Five apps were evaluated for effectiveness (n=2, 40% dating and sexual violence prevention; n=2, 40% self-harm and suicide prevention; and n=1, 20% bullying and school violence prevention) and were all associated with a statistically significant reduction (P=.001 to .048) in harm or risk to participants at the 95% CI. Although many personal safety apps are available, few studies have specifically evaluated those designed for youth. However, the evidence suggests that mobile safety apps generally appear to be beneficial for reducing harm to at-risk children and youth without any associated adverse events. Recommendations for future research have been made to strengthen the evidence and increase the availability of effective personal safety apps for children and youth.

Exploring the Dimensions and Correlates of Teen Economic Abuse Through a Cross-Sectional Survey

PurposeTeen economic abuse (TEA) is an understudied form of adolescent relationship abuse with limited measures available to assess prevalence. The purpose of this article is to assess the underlying dimensions of survey items (developed with youth) to refine measurement of and validate the structures comprising TEA and examine differences in prevalence of TEA perpetration (Prp) and victimization (Vct) by demographic characteristics. MethodsThis cross-sectional, online survey was conducted between July and September 2021. Youth ages 13–19 who read English and reside in the United States were eligible to complete this study. Recruitment occurred through a national violence prevention listserv with an emphasis on reaching organizations serving youth who are unhoused, juvenile justice and child welfare-system involved, identifying as sexual or gender minorities, or from communities of color. Based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, negative binomial regression models were run to assess associations of demographic characteristics, with levels of TEA Vct and Prp. ResultsAdolescents who identify as White reported significantly more types of TEA exposures than their American Indian or Alaskan Native (adjusted incident rate ratios = 1.3; 95% CI = [1.1, 1.4]), Hispanic Latino (1.2 [1.1, 1.4]), and Multiracial peers (2.4 [1.8, 3.1]). Gender diverse adolescents (1.14 [1, 1.3]) and cisgender females (1.08 [1, 1.2]) had significantly more types of TEA exposures than cisgender males. Those with past-year physical or sexual violence in dating relationships reported more types of TEA exposures (4.1 [3.8, 4.4]) than those who had not experienced such violence. Adolescents with exposure to foster care or homelessness had more types of TEA (1.3 [1.2, 1.4]) than those without such experiences. DiscussionHealthcare providers serving youth should be aware of how economic abuse manifests in adolescent relationships when providing support and resources for youth, especially those who are system-involved or experiencing housing instability. Findings also highlight the need for education about TEA and economic justice in violence prevention programs.

Co-Design and Development of a Text Message-based Intervention (Keeping in Touch [KiT]) to Support Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

Co-Design and Development of a Text Message-based Intervention (Keeping in Touch [KiT]) to Support Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

03 Best practice for transition from paediatric complex pain care: A scoping review

Abstract Background Many adolescent and young adults (AYA) experiencing chronic pain often continue to have pain in adulthood and thus must make the transition from paediatric care to adult care. Persistent pain and disability due to chronic pain throughout young adulthood can disrupt the attainment of important developmental milestones at transition to adulthood that impact quality of life. Inadequate transition planning may be associated with poor health outcomes and increased health utilization. However, only few studies have described the specific transition protocol from paediatric to adult care that AYA with chronic pain must make. Objectives To improve understanding of transitional care needs during transition planning and after transition (quality of care), this paper will determine known barriers to successful transition from paediatric chronic pain care to adult care as well as factors associated with successful transition from paediatric multidisciplinary paediatric chronic pain care, identify patient care needs at transition from paediatric chronic pain care, and finally describe the best practice (existing frameworks) to support youth at transition from paediatric chronic pain care. Design/Methods This scoping review used previously published Arksey and O’Malley framework and followed the PRISMA guidelines. It sought to answer the following questions. What are the barriers to successful transition and what factors are associated with successful transition from paediatric chronic pain care to adult care? What are patient care needs at transition from paediatric chronic pain care? How can we best support youth at transition from interdisciplinary paediatric chronic pain care? A literature search was carried on Ovid Medline and 12 studies (11 research articles and 1 dissertation) published from 2015 to 2022 were included in the review, with only one theoretical transition framework that may be useful in the Canadian healthcare setting. Results In this scoping review, interpersonal, organizational, and systemic barriers and enablers for successful transition were identified. The most frequently identified barriers to successful transition include lack of self-efficacy, trust, communication, coordination of care between paediatric and adult care. A need of early transition, an individualized approach, fluid and dynamic transition process, and age-appropriate resources were identified as primary patient care needs during transition. Four frameworks supporting transitional care for AYA with chronic health conditions were identified. Conclusion Limited evidence suggests that there is lack of standardized transition protocol for clinical use. There is an urgent need for an evidence-based transition tools for clinical use for AYA with chronic pain.

Defining, Measuring, and Increasing “Rootedness” in the High Migration Context of Honduras

Executive Summary The notion of “rootedness” in the sociology and migration literature is not well defined despite its increasing use by academics and, especially, practitioners. Defining and measuring rootedness has been problematic given that it is often operationalized as, but is not fully captured by, a concept related to social capital, community attachment, and participation. Rootedness is also often thought of as solely the absence of the desire to migrate. However, we argue that an individual’s desire to stay can be just as important as the well-documented “root causes” of migration; that is, economic poverty, insecurity, and strong migration networks. We propose a working definition of the concept of rootedness based on an empirical analysis of data from a nationally representative survey in the high migration context of Honduras. We find that rootedness can both be defined as and measured by an individual’s agreement with the idea that where they live is their “true home” and that they “see a good future” in that location. We further find that rootedness can be increased via a strong sense of security (not only the absence of victimization) and active community support for youth. Programs and policies should therefore promote security that goes beyond just preventing crime and fosters a general sense of wellbeing. In particular, programs should promote efforts to ensure that youth are supported by incorporating them in community decision-making, listening to what youth propose, promoting youth participation, and supporting youth leadership. Importantly, income is not strongly associated with this definition of rootedness. This finding highlights the important role of non-economic factors in migration decisions. Even when income increases, it does not necessarily increase the aspiration to stay. To be rooted, as we conceive of it, means more than having sufficient income. In summary, the paper examines and offers a new understanding of the concept of “rootedness,” which speaks to why some members of a community want to migrate and others desire to remain in their home communities. Fleshing out our understanding of rootedness as a way to talk about and measure the desire to remain is therefore crucial to realizing the “right” or “freedom” to stay at home.

"Look Who's Talking": Language Patterns in Autistic and Non-Autistic Youth Across Different Conversation Partners.

Autistic individuals have varying levels of verbal fluency which can impact social outcomes. Although 70-75% of autistic individuals have functional language, findings regarding language patterns (syntax and semantics) in autistic adolescents remain inconclusive. Additionally, previous studies of language complexity use narrative samples, which do not capture autistic language in conversation. The current study examined language patterns in autistic (n = 20) and non-autistic (n = 17) youth aged 9-16 years during a conversation with a familiar versus unfamiliar adult. The study aimed to address gaps in the literature regarding autistic youth's language patterns, particularly in conversation, and the impact of speaking partners. Recordings of the conversation task were transcribed using SALT software conventions to yield measures of language production. Average length of communication units was higher among autistic compared to non-autistic youth, and among all youth when talking with familiar compared to unfamiliar partners. Youth speech also reflected greater linguistic diversity with familiar interlocutors, with no differences between autistic and non-autistic youth. Additionally, familiar interlocutors used more speech elicitation strategies (i.e., questions, prompts) than unfamiliar interlocutors across groups and interlocutors speaking with autistic youth used more speech elicitation strategies. These findings identify important similarities and differences between autistic and non-autistic youth and interlocutor speech that provide a better understanding of language patterns in autism. Importantly, this study can increase understanding and enhance support of autistic youth by highlighting that some aspects of autistic youth's language patterns in the context of conversation may be currently underestimated.

니트(NEET)청년 관련 연구동향 및 도전과제

Objectives This study aims to analyze recent research trends related to NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) youth and to provide implications for future research and support for NEET youth. Methods To analyze research trends related to NEET youth, a total of 58 papers, consisting of 43 domestic journal articles and 15 dissertations related to NEET youth published over 17 years from 2008 to 2024, were selected for analysis. The criteria for analyzing research trends were set in four areas: basic information, research subjects, research methods, and research topics. Results The study showed a significant increase in the number of journal articles and dissertations after 2015. Second, in terms of research subjects, studies focusing on non-job-seeking NEETs accounted for about 63%, followed by studies on mixed-type NEETs and job-seeking NEETs. Third, in terms of research methods, quantitative research was most commonly used in both journal articles and dissertations. The most frequently used analysis methods were overall scale estimation using statistical data and quantitative analysis of determinants leading to NEET status. Finally, regarding research topics, studies on the causes and influencing factors of NEET occurrence and the types and characteristics of NEET youth were the most common in both journal articles and dissertations. However, there is a greater need for research on support programs for NEET youth and measures for preventing and overcoming NEET status. Conclusions Based on the results of this study, discussions and implications for follow-up research and support for NEET youth were described, and recommendations for future research were made.

Measuring Fidelity to Individual Placement and Support for Transition Age Youth: Psychometric Findings.

Individual Placement and Support (IPS), an evidence-based supported employment model for working-age adults with serious mental illness, also serves transition age adults (TAY; ages 16-24). The IPS-Y is a new IPS fidelity scale tailored to this younger population. Although adopted worldwide, it lacks research on the psychometric properties of its two components (employment and education). Six IPS programs serving TAY were assessed on IPS-Y (Employment) in an initial review (Time 1) and on both components in a second review one year later (Time 2). We examined scale calibration, reliability, and validity for the IPS-Y in this sample. Fidelity reviewers use the full range of ratings, from "not IPS" to "exemplary," on both IPS-Y components. On the employment component, item calibration was excellent; internal consistency reliability was good at Time 1 (r = .81) and test-retest reliability was fair (r = .63). The IPS-Y (Employment) showed excellent sensitivity to change, with the mean scale score increasing from 88.3 to 105.5. IPS-Y (Employment)item ratings at Time 2 were similar to corresponding items in a sample of conventional IPS programs using the standard IPS fidelity scale. Predictive validity was promising for both components, with fidelity scale ratings positively correlated with site-level competitive employment rates (r = .57) and education enrollment rates (r = .69). IPS can be implemented to good fidelity for programs serving TAY. Preliminary findings regarding the psychometric properties of the IPS-Y Employment are encouraging, but replication in larger samples is needed.

Investigation of Predisposing Risk Factors in Adolescent Male Water Polo Players.

Shoulder injuries are prevalent in adolescent water polo (WP) players. Study aimed to determine whether preseason shoulder characteristics (range of motion [ROM], flexibility, and strength) and core endurance can identify athletes at risk of future shoulder injuries. Shoulder characteristics, including changes in ROM (internal rotation [IR], external rotation [ER], and total), strength (IR and ER), pectoralis minor flexibility, shoulder capsule flexibility, and core endurance, would be risk factors for shoulder reinjury in athletes with previous overuse injuries compared with noninjured athletes. Prospective cohort study. Level 3. At baseline, 53 male youth WP players (mean age, 16.6 ± 3.5 years) were assigned to Group 1 (with previous shoulder injuries [G1, n = 26]) and Group 2 (without previous shoulder injuries [G2, n = 27]). ROM, flexibility, strength, and core muscle endurance were assessed preseason. After a 12-month follow-up, players were again divided into those who developed new shoulder injuries (G3, n = 27) and those who remained healthy (G4, n = 26). Total of 26 players (49%) had previous shoulder injuries at baseline. At baseline, decreased pectoralis minor flexibility, IR, total ROM, and core endurance were found in players with a previous shoulder injury compared with players without a previous shoulder injury (P < 0.05). At baseline, a significant difference was present in proposed risk factors (shoulder and core endurance parameters) between players with and without a previous shoulder injury. Shoulder IR ROM and years of experience were significant predictors of shoulder injury. Early detection of modifiable proposed risk factors may help prevent reinjury in young athletes. Screening at an early age can help identify and address pre-existing injuries, support youth athletes' return to sport after a shoulder injury, prevent new injuries, and improve performance.

’I would just like to be straight.’ Boys and young men’s concerns about being gay in the questions sent to a Finnish sexual counselling service

ABSTRACT This article delves into the experiences of boys and young men grappling with anxiety surrounding potential ‘homosexual’ orientation, particularly within the context of societal expectations of normative heterosexuality. Using data from queries submitted to a Finnish sexual counselling service between 2017 and 2019, we highlight a dissonance between societal equality initiatives and the lived experiences of boys and young men in Finland. Drawing on queer theory and social norms critique, we analyse the constraints that limit the exploration of sexuality and self-identification among young Finnish men. Our findings underscore the pervasive impact of enduring societal norms on young men’s ability to express their sexuality openly and authentically. We advocate for strategies to promote a more supportive environment for young persons to navigate their sexual identities and advocate for the well-being of young people, alongside considerations for professionals working in youth support roles.

Intersectoral Collaboration in Support of Youth in Residential Care: A Scoping Review of Effects, Barriers and Good Practices

ABSTRACT This research was conducted as part of an action research project supporting intersectoral care experiments in Flanders for minors in residential care. This article details some of the questions the stakeholders in this project had at the start of such a project, as well as the results from a scoping literature review conducted to answer these questions. This scoping literature review was conducted on four databases, returning 23 articles providing information on the effects of, good practices of, or barriers for intersectoral care for looked-after minors. Results show that research on this specific topic for this population is scarce, mostly qualitative, and mostly from the perspective of staff rather than clients. Reports on the effects of intersectoral initiatives seem cautiously encouraging. Many possible obstacles for coordinated or shared care have been identified, with difficulties in communication, information sharing and lack of shared vision as prominent ones. Many potentially good practices have however also been identified in this review that can help collaborative partners overcome several of the barriers.

Advancing Our Understanding of Complex Intervention Development in Social Work: Co-Producing Support for Youth Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care

Advancing Our Understanding of Complex Intervention Development in Social Work: Co-Producing Support for Youth Transitioning from Out-of-Home Care

"Everyone should at least get a Kia": Policymaker perspectives on equity of Medicaid among transition age autistic youth

BackgroundThis study examined the challenges faced by transition age autistic youth in accessing Medicaid services, considering the historical focus on children in autism research and services. The study aimed to explore Medicaid enrollment and support for this population. MethodThe study involved Medicaid and Protection & Advocacy (P&A) representatives from states with varying performance levels in eligibility, access, and service use. Discussions with experts focused on waivers, Early, Periodic, Screening, Detection, and Treatment (EPSDT), and barriers to service access. ResultsThe findings highlighted the need to improve service access for transition age autistic youth. States identified the importance of maximizing EPDST utilization before aging out of childhood systems and pursuing waiver enrollment. These insights emphasized the significance of addressing service gaps during the transition to adulthood. ConclusionsThe study's implications for practice are substantial. Policymakers and service providers must acknowledge the limitedservice access for autistic individuals as they transition from child systems. The study emphasized the value of strategies like maximizing EPDST utilization and pursuing waivers to ensure ongoing support for autistic youth during their transition to adulthood. By addressing these challenges, practitioners can better meet the needs of transition age autistic individuals and facilitate their access to essential services.

Key Considerations in Integrating a Peer Support Model Within Psychiatric Emergency Services at a Canadian Pediatric Emergency Department: A Qualitative Study.

Difficulties accessing primary care and community-based mental health supports has contributed toyouth (aged < 18years) with mental health concerns presenting to Emergency Departments (EDs). Peer support services in community-based mental health settings areassociated with improved outcomes; research exploring this in pediatric EDs is lacking. Determinefeasibility and acceptability of integrating peer support services into a pediatric ED. 13 peer support workers (PSWs) and 30 mental health providers andstakeholders participated in interviews or focus groups. Using codebookthematic analysis,recommendations for integrationwere identified. Key recommendations were:clear conceptualization of youth and family peer support, effective communication pathways between the multidisciplinary team and PSWs, provision of training for ED staff to ensure workplace readiness for peer support, and consistent support for PSWs. Integration of peer support into pediatric EDs offers a feasible andacceptable way to support youth experiencing mental health crises.

The effect of bipolar effective disorder and low socio-economic status on juvenile delinquents in Pakistan

Bipolar disorder remains a significant taboo in Pakistan, particularly among juvenile delinquents, leading to their social segregation. The prevalence of this mood disorder in Pakistani youth is concerning, largely due to limited awareness and inadequate mental health resources for children and adolescents. Economic instability, family conflict, and lack of access to care contribute to chronic stress, delaying the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. This study aimed to explore the relationship between socio-economic status and bipolar disorder in juvenile offenders, focusing on the role of social support. We included 220 children, aged 12 to 18, diagnosed with severe bipolar disorder. Most lived with both biological parents, while some were in single-parent households due to separation or loss. Our findings indicated that low socio-economic status significantly impacts mental health and personality development. Factors such as financial instability, inadequate housing, and lack of access to quality healthcare increase feelings of inferiority, leading to higher rates of bipolar disorder. Notably, 88.4% of participants exhibited extreme symptoms, with a higher prevalence in males (55%) than females (29%). The delinquency rate was significant, with 56% of boys and 32% of girls involved in criminal activities. These results suggest a strong correlation between low socio-economic status and the severity of bipolar disorder in juvenile delinquents. Many young individuals resort to crime due to unmet basic needs, reinforcing the idea that socio-economic challenges directly influence mental health outcomes. Overall, these findings underscore the urgent need for improved mental health care and support for vulnerable youth in Pakistan.

Cultural practices, young people and the ethos of vulnerability in Finland

In this article, we delve into an examination of how the ethos of vulnerability is manifested within cultural practices related to young people in Finland, thereby shaping and determining the conditions of what is possible for the kinds of subjects that young people can become. We employed the term ‘affective subjectivation’ to elucidate the processes through which young people from diverse life situations are inclined to turn themselves into vulnerabilised subjects within the ethos of vulnerability, thereby amplifying the prevalence of highly individualised and psycho-emotional interventions and elements. Our affective-discursive analysis centres on two distinct categories of cultural practice: youth support systems and an extensive questionnaire survey about young men’s mental health. We scrutinise how the ethos of vulnerability operates within these contexts, influencing and shaping the conditions of possibility for young people. Moreover, we extend our analysis to examine how therapeutic power contributes to the affective landscapes of masculinity, and the ambivalences of young Finnish men’s gendered and therapeutic, vulnerabilised subjectivities.

Systematic Assessment of Family Service Barriers to Support Youth Engagement with Health and Social Care

Family characteristics and service barriers influence children’s access to health and social care. Systematic assessment of family service barriers may help practitioners in their efforts to support family engagement with needed services. To address this need, this study utilized data from a 12-week service navigation intervention to examine associations between family characteristics, service barriers, service need, and service access. Twenty-nine caregivers of youth under age 18 participated. Pre-test measures included a family demographic questionnaire, service barriers checklist, and family service plan. Post-test outcome measures were the type and number of services accessed in the family service plan. At baseline, participants reported an average of 10 barriers to care. The family characteristics, caregiver age, child age, and community group involvement, were associated with a greater number of service barriers. Over the course of the intervention, the service barrier “provider waitlists” was associated with an increased service access, while having a male child was associated with a decrease in service access. Results indicate families experience multiple service barriers and specific family characteristics influence service access. Systematic assessment of service barriers and consideration of family characteristics can assist practitioner efforts to support youth and family engagement with health and social care.