Support Elements Research Articles

Assessment of the physical and psychological aspects of the current life support system on the International Space Station for sustainable space exploration

Life support systems in space have been developed to recover a certain amount of oxygen and water. However, we still rely on resupplies for gas tanks, water bags, and food. To achieve sustainable human space exploration, we must also consider the astronauts’ wellbeing. This research analyzes and assesses the status of essential life support elements, which are air, water, and food, as well as wellbeing elements, including clothing, hygiene, and healthcare, on the International Space Station. The types and quantities of resupplies for each element were estimated by synthesizing data from multiple sources and compared against baseline values established by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for one crew member per day. To evaluate the qualitative and psychological dimensions of dependence on resupply missions, astronaut feedback and comments documented in reports and articles from space agencies were also analyzed as important references. The results show that resupplies involve not only gas tanks and water bags but also a significant number of spare items to maintain recovery systems. Food completely relies on resupplies, and regarding wellbeing elements, although the mass supplied from Earth seems to meet the space agency’s requirements, astronauts feel uncomfortable wearing the same clothes and using the same towels for days, especially exercise clothes, which can develop odors. It was also discovered that each resupply mission is inefficient as resupplies account for only 0.21% of the total launch mass. Relying on resupply missions has been associated with negative effects on both physical and psychological aspects, such as anxiety about the risk of running out of life support consumables, issues with stowage and odors caused by waste, and stress due to complicated cargo unloading and loading transfer operations. As humans explore the Moon and beyond, frequent resupplies will become impractical due to higher launch costs and longer delivery times, and suggestions for developing technologies to realize a sustainable human presence in space are being proposed.

Expansion and improvement of modular workstation for advanced PLC analysis and operation

This work provides continuity to the development of a modular workstation for the advanced operation of the programmable logic controller (PLC), through incorporation of the functions of master-slave communication, proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) controller and high-speed counters (HSC); and its use as a support element for teaching process of related topics. The operation of the workstation constituted from the integration of a speed control system in a threephase alternating current motor is analyzed; whose test parameters are entered from a graphical interface executed through a touch screen. Such application was implemented through a communication network between controllers; in addition, it uses a variable frequency drive (VFD) and an encoder as power and perception elements, respectively. The performance observed during the tests carried out confirms an adequate follow-up of assigned parameters, by reaching and settling real response of system in these. While, with regard to the use of the developed modular workstation as a teaching tool for analysis of advanced automation solutions, its relevance is confirmed.

교육전담간호사가 주도하는 신규간호사를 위한 지지적 임상현장교육 적용 및 효과

Objectives This study aimed to develop and apply supportive clinical field education led by educational nurses for new nurses and to verify its effectiveness. Methods A quasi-experimental study design using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest approach was employed. The participants included 30 new nurses in the experimental group and 28 in the control group from S General Hospital in Seoul. The research period spanned from May 18 to August 31, 2024. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 26.0 to compare social support, nursing performance, field adaptation, and education satisfaction. Results Statistically significant differences were found between the experimental and control groups in social support (t=2.07, p<.05), nursing performance (t=2.14, p<.05), and field adaptation (t=2.33, p<.05). Additionally, the education satisfaction of the experimental group (t=-3.15, p<.05) was higher than that of the control group. Conclusions The results confirmed that supportive clinical field education improved social support, nursing performance, and field adaptation among new nurses. Therefore, it is essential to develop and implement various clinical field education programs that incorporate supportive elements to enhance the effective adaptation of new nurses and improve the quality of nursing.

Estimating the influence of the rigidity of support assemblies on the resonance phenomena and the vibration state of a hydraulic unit

Many factors affect the vibration of the hydraulic unit, including the natural oscillation frequencies of the structural elements, which in some cases may contribute to an increase in vibration because of the occurrence of resonance phenomena. In this work, the case of design optimization of the support assemblies of the shaft pipeline of the hydrogenerator-motor was considered, installed at HSPP during its reconstruction in order to improve vibration parameters. The effect of increasing the stiffness of the upper crosspiece and reducing the weight of the rotating parts on the value of the first and second critical rotation frequencies was analyzed. Based on the results of computations, operability of the proposed new reinforced structure of the upper crosspiece of the hydrogenerator-motor with increased rigidity was confirmed. Using this design could increase the first critical rotation frequency from 9 Hz (540 rpm) to 17.6 Hz (1056 rpm). This would lead to the avoidance of resonance phenomena caused by the proximity of the first critical rotation frequency of the rotor to the rated rotation frequency (600 rpm). The computations were performed in a three-dimensional setting in two stages for each of the considered design cases. At the first stage, the supporting elements rigidity of the shaft line of the hydrogenerator-motor were studied by determining the structural element elastic deformations when it was loaded by a transverse force. At the second stage, these determined stiffnesses of the support elements were used as input data for calculating the critical rotation frequencies of the hydraulic unit rotor

Protocol to implement and evaluate a culturally secure, strength-based, equine-assisted learning program, "Yawardani Jan-ga" (horses helping), to support the social and emotional wellbeing of Australian aboriginal children and young people.

Australian Aboriginal people experience stressors from inequalities across crucial social determinants, including deep and entrenched disadvantage and exclusion. The impact of unaddressed historical issues is pervasive and intergenerational. The disproportionate rates of Aboriginal youth suicide, juvenile detention and imprisonment highlight the inadequacy of existing social and emotional wellbeing programs and services for Aboriginal children and young people. There is increasing recognition in Australia that aligning social and emotional wellbeing interventions with Western values and conceptions of mental health is one of the main barriers to service uptake among Aboriginal people. This suggests fundamental questions remain unanswered about what type of services effectively address the complex constellation of social-emotional and wellbeing challenges arising from intergenerational poverty and trauma. Yawardani Jan-ga is an Aboriginal-led, operated, culturally secure, Equine-Assisted Learning (EAL) project designed by and with local Aboriginal young people, community Elders, members, and experts to address the complex constellation of social-emotional, spiritual and wellbeing needs of Aboriginal children and young people, aged 6-26 years, across multiple communities in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. EAL is a strengths-based learning approach where participants work with horses' inherent characteristics to learn transferable life skills, such as communication skills, self-awareness, and emotional regulation, to promote social and emotional growth and wellbeing. Although EAL has been previously used with Aboriginal children and young people internationally, they are yet to be widely used with Aboriginal people in Australia. Here, we describe the three subcomponents of the Yawardani Jan-ga implementation science project and the planned Participatory Action Research and phenomenological approaches to capture the distinctive experiences of participants and the local communities where the intervention is implemented. We anticipate that findings will build an evidence base that informs policy and practice by understanding key intervention elements of social and emotional wellbeing support for Aboriginal youth, how to incorporate Aboriginal worldviews across different stages of interventions, and how to capture impact best using culturally secure methods.

MILITARY SUPPORT TO CIVIL AUTHORITIES AND THE PUBLIC – WITH REGARD TO CIVIL PROTECTION

The armed forces are the largest and best organised fundamental part of the state organisationwhose high performance determines the stability and strength of the state, its sovereignty andthe provision of national and international security. Undoubtedly, the fundamental missionof the Polish Armed Forces is the ability to defend vital interests of the state, i.e. to ensure thesovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the Republic. Nevertheless, the armed forcesare also a very important potential of the state in supporting civil authorities and society in crisissituations. In the past, the main task of the armed forces was primarily to ensure military securityin terms of defending the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state. However,nowadays, in national and international terms, their scope of tasks has definitely broadened tocomprise undertakings in support of public administration bodies and society in crisis situations.This is due to the fact that the armed forces are characterised by unique capabilities, unparalleledin other response forces, to take effective action in the event of diverse crisis situations. Thus, theyhave become an important reinforcement of the crisis management and civil protection system.Often, they can be the main element of support to public administration bodies (government andlocal government) in resolving the crisis situation that has arisen.

Институциональный подход к реализации инновационного проекта «Чистая вода» в регионах России

The article examines the activities of state and municipal authorities in the implementation of the project «Clean Water». The set of organizational, managerial and economic relations for providing the population with clean drinking water is analyzed. The main reasons for bad-th position in providing the population with clean water technology from water sector and insufficient investment, required in the new water treatment technology, water treatment and sanitation, the result of which is that the poor quality of water services, widespread pollution of water sources in industrial and domestic sewage. It is proved that if in the coming years it is not possible to lay the foundations and create mechanisms for the transition of the water supply sector to an innovative development model, then we can expect a further deterioration in the situation in the field of providing clean water to the population. Innovative approaches to the implementation of the «Clean Water» project (institutional support of the project implementation process; development and application of new technologies for water treatment and water supply; use of new organizational and managerial approaches to improving the economic and social efficiency of water supply to the population) are justified. The elements of the institutional support of the Clean Water project are shown. Based on the analysis of the process of water supply and water supply in the Vologda region, the possibility of implementing the project «Clean Water» is justified. The theoretical and methodological analysis of the formation and development of program approaches to providing clean drinking water to the population is carried out, the need for an innovative approach to the implementation of the strategic directions of the State Program «Clean Water» is justified. Justified budgetary efficiency index, which is defined as the ratio of the volume of investments from the Federal budget allocated for this object to the planned target of increasing the share of the population with quality drinking water from centralized water supply systems. It is shown that the achievement of goal-setting in the field of water supply and water supply, including in the implementation of the Clean Water project, should take into account social factors, organizational, managerial and institutional influences, and factors that counteract the achievement of a synergistic effect

Inclusive universities for students with intellectual disabilities from a teacher's perspective.

The aim of this research is to analyse the elements necessary for the construction of inclusive universities in the European context from the perspective of university professors. Three focus groups are conducted in different countries: Spain, Italy and Portugal. The discourses have been analysed following Grounded Theory. The codes obtained were subjected to a centrality analysis in which rank, intermediation and proximity were analysed. The results show inclusion, teaching, experience and well-being as central elements of the discourses. Two large semantic blocks are obtained, one referring to educational factors and the other to social and emotional factors. Educational factors refer to how methodologies, assessment and support elements should be configured. In relation to social and emotional factors, issues related to inclusion, inclusive experiences, support and accompaniment and the role of families are presented. It concludes with the need to address both factors with a commitment from the entire university community.

PROFILING TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP'S ROLE IN MODELLING THE EFFECT OF SAFETY CLIMATE ON NURSES' SAFETY PERFORMANCE

This study examines the role of transformational leadership in improving employee safety through elements of motivation, guidance, enforcement, and support for employees, as well as enforcement and monitoring. Transformational leadership serves as a key factor influencing employee safety behaviour and performance. By providing inspiration, guidance, and positive role models, transformational leaders can strengthen safety practices in the workplace and ensure employees constantly adhere to established safety procedures. The study also emphasizes the significance of support to workers through ongoing training, adequate rest, and recognition of their efforts, all of which contribute to improved workplace safety. In addition, effective safety policy enforcement and monitoring through awareness campaigns also play an essential role in ensuring employee compliance. The results of this study reveal that transformational leadership increases employee motivation and strengthens the enforcement of safety policies, ultimately leading to increased employee safety as a whole.

Strategies Based on Gamification and Neuropedagogy in Teacher Training

Objective: This paper aims to identify notions and perceptions about the incorporation of emerging strategies and methodologies such as gamification and neuropedagogy to enhance learning experiences in the classroom. Theoretical Framework: The main approaches, trends and theories underpinning the research are gamification, neuropedagogy, teacher training and the design of learning experiences, which are vital elements in the epistemological support of the proposal. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a mixed descriptive approach using techniques based on data analysis, triangulating documentary elements with the perception of the target population through the application of a validated instrument. Results and Discussion: Among the most important results of the analysis of the data obtained, based on learning analytics techniques, it is identified that there is a set of elements that contribute to the design of strategies where gamification and neuropedagogy really are striking and motivating trends for teachers for the design and strengthening of students in various learning environments. Research Implications: The design of learning experiences based on gamification favours the strengthening of strategies based on neuropedagogy in the classroom from the different types of thinking such as critical, creative, design and technological thinking encourage the relationship between gamification and neuropedagogy. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the assumption of gamification and neuropedagogy by encouraging a perspective of experiential and active learning experiences, where the social appropriation of technologies in the educational scenario contributes significantly to learning, and the comprehensive training of students at various levels and educational sectors.

Characterizing Emergency Department Disposition Conversations for Persons Living With Dementia: Protocol for an Ethnographic Study.

Almost 40% of persons living with dementia make an emergency department (ED) visit each year. One of the most impactful and costly elements of their ED care is the decision to discharge or admit them to the hospital-the "disposition" decision. When more than one reasonable option exists regarding a health care decision, such as the decision to admit or not, it often requires a complex conversation between patients, care partners, and ED providers, ideally involving shared decision-making. However, little is known about how these conversations are conducted and the real-world context in which they take place. Best practices in ED communication and shared decision-making for persons living with dementia and their care partners are limited. This study aims to characterize current practices in ED disposition conversations for persons living with dementia and their care partners, informed by perspectives from patient and care partner participants. This study will use an ethnographic design, including direct observation methods with a semistructured data collection tool to capture the ED encounter for up to 20 patient and care partner dyads, including all discussions about dispositions. Follow-up qualitative, semistructured interviews will be conducted with persons living with dementia and their care partners to explore specific observations made during their ED encounter, and to gain insight into their perspective on their role and elements of decision support used during that conversation. Data collection was initiated in October 2023, with 13 dyads recruited and observed as of July 2024. This study is expected to be completed by December 2024. Novel methods can offer novel insights. By combining direct observation and follow-up interviews about an ED visit, our study design will provide insights into how ED disposition occurs in real-world settings for persons living with dementia. Findings can inform more patient-centered interventions for disposition decision-making. DERR1-10.2196/65043.

Two variants of stating problems of mechanics of a rod-strip with a section of one-sided fixing of finite length on a rigid support element

The equivalence of two variants of problem formulation for rod-strip mechanics connected to a rigid and fixed support element on a finite-size section of one of its face surfaces is proved. The first of them is based on the use of a transformation model of rod deformation based on the transformation of the relations of the simplest Timoshenko shear model by preliminary satisfying the conditions of kinematic conjugation of the rod with the support element on the fastening section with the subsequent formulation of the kinematic and force conditions of conjugation of the fixed section of the rod with the unfastened one. The second variant, corresponding to the contact formulation of the problem, is based on the use of uniform relations of the refined theory of the Timoshenko type for the entire rod (for the fixed and unfastened sections), containing an unknown tangential contact stress at the points of the surface of the connection of the rod with the support element on the fixed section, which is included in the equations as an external load. To determine this, the conditions of kinematic conjugation of the rod with the support element are used.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Pusher, Tractor and Schottel Types of the Azipod Propulsion System

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the hydrodynamics performance of the three types (pusher, tractor and Schottel) of the azimuthing podded drive (AZIPOD) electric propulsion system. To evaluate the propulsive performance of the podded drive system, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) solver is employed. KP-505 propeller as the research object, hydrodynamic open-water characteristics of this propeller was first calculated, and agreed well with test results. Then, numerical simulation of the thrust, torque and efficiency of the three types of the AZIPOD systems (Pusher, Tractor and Schottel) with KP-505 propeller at various yaw angles (from -30° to +30° with 15° increments) and different advance coefficients were compared. For the Schottel propulsion system, the effects of the number of propeller blades and the blade pitch-diameter ratio on performance are presented and discussed. Finally, the effect of sturt, support element and pod for pusher type on the pressure coefficient, thrust and torque of one blade and whole blades is investigated during one cycle.

Implementation of effective communication in interprofessional collaboration to improve inpatient services

Introduction: Interprofessional Collaboration (IPC) is an interprofessional collaboration between people with different professional backgrounds who work together to solve health problems and provide health services. This research aims to analyze the implementation of effective communication in interprofessional collaboration to improve inpatient services. Research Methodology: The research is qualitative with a phenomenological design. Six people were the research informants: hospital leadership, PMKP, medical committee, medical service element, nursing element, and medical support element. Data will be collected using observation, FGD, in-depth interviews, and document study. Data processing and analysis use the Miles and Huberman method. Result: The study's results indicate that the implementation of IPC still needs improvement. Lack of practical communication skills is the leading cause of IPC being less than good. Management efforts to improve helpful communication skills include providing training related to effective communication, forming an evaluation team, and giving rewards and punishments. Conclusion: Management is making efforts to improve effective communication skills by providing training related to effective communication, forming an evaluation team, and giving rewards and punishments. Health workers are making efforts to comply with all rules that have been given by management to support an effective communication program for patients and between health workers

Dynamic Modeling of 5-DOF Aerostatic Bearing Rotor System with Adjustable Gas Film Gap

In the application of an aerostatic motorized spindle, given the different requirements for the optimal gas film thickness of gas bearing under various processing conditions, this paper puts forward the tapered aerostatic bearing as the radial support element of the spindle and realizes the adjustability of gas film gap in a particular range through the axial fine-tuning mechanism. A 5-DOF dynamic model of the bearing rotor system is established, and the transient Reynolds equation is solved using the finite difference method to obtain the pressure distribution characteristics of the gas film. Based on this, the spindle’s translation and angular displacement responses are determined by solving the spindle’s motion equation. The simulation results show that the tilting motion of the spindle significantly affects the pressure distribution of the gas film, and the nonlinear gas film force will lead to nonlinear severe vibration of the spindle. The study also reveals that reducing the gas film thickness under low-speed and heavy-load conditions effectively decreases the amplitude and offset of the spindle. However, increasing the gas film thickness enhances the system’s speed and stability under high-speed and light-load conditions.

Pinching and detachment of the intraocular lens haptics during implantation

Background. Modern small incision surgery involves the use of injection systems for implanting intraocular lenses (IOLs) into a capsule bag. As with any other stage of cataract phacoemulsification, there are also risks of complications during implantation, consisting in damage to IOLs of varying severity from microcracks of optics to detachment of haptic lens elements. There is no convincing data on the effect of micro-destruction of the optical part of the IOL on the functional results of lens surgery, however, damage to the lens support elements affects the effective position of the IOL, which leads to visual defects (glare, flare) and the inability to achieve calculated refraction. Pinching and/or detachment of the IOL haptics during implantation is a rare situation that every ophthalmic surgeon can encounter. At the same time, there are isolated works on this topic in the literature that do not describe ways to prevent and resolve this complication.The aim. To demonstrate, using clinical examples, surgical tactics for pinching and tearing of haptics of intraocular lenses during implantation. Material and methods. Clinical cases are presented using the example of patients with pinching and detachment of IOL haptics during implantation.Results. The presented clinical cases reflect the features of surgery for damage to the supporting elements of the intraocular lens.Conclusion. Pinching of haptic elements in the injector during implantation surgery can be resolved by simple dissection of the cartridge with a keratome knife. In the case of a haptic detachment, the use of the method of rear “capture” of IOL optics in the presence of a haptic stump of sufficient size (1 mm or more) allows the lens to be securely fixed in the central position.

A novel approach for mapping and fostering teacher agency: a multiple case study in the context of higher education

ABSTRACT Teachers are addressed as the agents of educational change. Nevertheless, the implementation of well-designed educational innovations in research-intensive universities is often impeded by the numerous responsibilities and obligations that teaching academics are expected to fulfil. In order to respond to societal developments and adjust their teaching practice accordingly, teachers require a sense of agency in initiating new educational practices. The current academic landscape lacks a multidimensional instrument that allows for the mapping and fostering of teacher agency. Three teachers, who are currently engaged in the process of adapting their teaching practice through the implementation of an innovation project, participated in sessions where a Personal Project Analysis (PPA) was employed as a tool for mapping and fostering their sense of agency with regard to this innovation project. The overall agency of teachers was mapped, including both personally salient and contextually relevant elements. During a follow-up, teachers reported a higher sense of agency over the educational innovation project. The findings demonstrated that the Personal Project Analysis (PPA) contributes to a nuanced understanding of teachers’ experienced agency. The findings identified both restraints and supportive elements on specific general principles of agency, allowing for further fostering of agency.

A personal sensing technology enabled service versus a digital psychoeducation control for primary care patients with depression and anxiety: a pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundTechnology-enabled services (TES; clinical services that include both technology-driven [e.g., personal sensing technologies] and person-powered support elements) may address gaps in depression and anxiety treatments in healthcare settings. The current study: (1) developed a TES tailored for Primary Care patients with depression and/or anxiety, and (2) conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of the TES compared to a digital psychoeducation control app.MethodsParticipants were randomized to either: (1) TES: the “Vira” smartphone app (Ksana Health Inc.), informed by behavioral activation and using passive sensing technology to provide behavioral “insights” and target behaviors associated with mental health symptoms, alongside lay-provider coaching, or (2) Control: the Mood Education mobile app (ME), containing static psychoeducational resources designed to target mental health symptoms. Both apps collected usage data. Participants completed assessments on depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), health-related quality of life (PedsQL), and engagement (TWEETs) at baseline, mid-treatment (week 4), end-of-treatment (week 8), and post-treatment (week 12).ResultsParticipants (N = 130) were randomized to receive either the TES (Vira; Mage= 30) or ME (Mage= 33). Linear mixed-effects models determined significant improvements in PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores for participants across both conditions (ps < 0.001). There was no interactive effect of intervention and time for the PHQ-9 (p = .90) nor the GAD-7 (p = .49). Adjusting for baseline differences and randomization strata, TES participants reported a greater change in a quality of life rating of Physical Functioning (PedsQL) across time (p = .018). TES participants also reported higher levels of engagement and demonstrated higher app usage. However, adjusting for baseline symptom severity, neither app usage nor coach interaction frequency moderated outcomes (ps ≥ 0.2).ConclusionsWhile the TES demonstrated superior engagement, improvements in depressive and anxious symptoms for both conditions speak to the potential benefit of both TES and low-intensity psychoeducation treatments in care settings. Future research is needed to better understand which patients might differentially benefit from TESs and broader personal sensing technologies over low-intensity treatments.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05406791.

The Influence of Competence, Motivation, Facilities and Infrastructure, and Leadership Style on Performance and Their Implications for Work Achievement

Improving employee performance requires a good strategy, starting with enhancing elements of competence, motivation, adequate facilities and infrastructure support, and a good leadership style, which can improve employee performance and ultimately lead to increased employee achievement, thereby achieving organizational goals. The purpose of this research is to understand the overview of competence, motivation, facilities and infrastructure, leadership style, performance, and work achievement, as well as to determine the influence of competence, motivation, facilities and infrastructure, and leadership style on performance and their implications for work achievement. The subjects of this research are the Civil Servants of the Ministry of Religious Affairs Office of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The research method uses a descriptive and verification approach with descriptive survey and explanatory survey methods. The sample consists of 91 people, using primary data. Path analysis techniques are employed. The results of the research show that: (1) All variables have high average values, ranging from 4.11 to 4.37. The performance variable has the highest average at 4.37, and the X2 motivation variable has the highest average at 4.28. In general, competence, motivation, facilities and infrastructure, leadership style, performance, and work achievement are rated highly. Correlation test results show (R) 0.787 and the coefficient of determination of variable X on variable Y (R2) is 62%, with the remaining (E) 38%, and for variable Y on variable Z (R2) 85.2%, with the remaining 14.8% influenced by other factors not examined. (2) Simultaneously, competence, motivation, facilities and infrastructure, and leadership style significantly influence performance (35.049 &gt; 2.477). (3) Partially, there is a significant influence of competence (-2.370 &gt; -1.986), motivation (6.053 &gt; 1.986), and leadership style (3.644 &gt; 1.986) on performance, while there is no influence of facilities and infrastructure on performance (1.002 &lt; 1.986). (4) There is a significant influence of performance on work achievement (22.591 &gt; 1.986).

Mouse Models Enable the Functional Investigation of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized lymphoid aggregates that form within nonlymphoid tissue, including tumors, in response to persistent inflammatory stimulation. In cancer patients, TLSs are generally associated with positive clinical outcomes. However, the cellular composition and spatial distribution of TLSs can vary depending on the underlying disease state, complicating interpretations of their prognostic significance. Murine models are indispensable for providing a deeper insight into the mechanisms involved in TLS formation and function. Studies using these models can complement current clinical efforts to characterize TLSs via genetic sequencing and histopathology of human samples. Several features of TLSs resemble that of secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Consequently, vascular system components and structural support elements are important for TLS formation and maintenance. Furthermore, TLSs in different tissue environments can exhibit distinct characteristics, necessitating careful consideration when selecting mouse models for study. Herein, we discuss critical aspects to consider when modeling TLSs and describe recent findings of TLS studies in the mouse lung and intestinal gut environments as examples to highlight the importance of considering tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms for TLSs. In this chapter, we also summarize the mechanistic insights derived from murine models on the formation and function of TLSs, which may translate to the future therapeutic modulation of TLS in disease.