In this paper, the failure analysis and structural optimization of a new type of digital rail vehicle throughway support bracket with abnormal cracking are investigated. This paper addresses the failure case of a new digital rail vehicle throughway bracket. From the simulation point of view and the vibration test point of view of the service line, it verifies and reproduces the reasons for the fatigue fracture failure of the original through-channel bracket structure. The fatigue fracture failure of the throughway bracket is caused by external excitation. The shortcomings of the optimized structure of the through-channel support filled with steel plates are explained from the simulation point of view and the fracture mechanics damage tolerance theory. The feasibility of the vibration decoupling optimized structure is completely evaluated from the service line perspective and simulation perspective, and the results show that the service environment load of the vehicle meets the life requirements, and the research method can provide guidance for the service safety and fatigue life assessment of other components of the new type of digital rail vehicles.