Supply-side Perspective Research Articles

Analysis of Critical Success Factors for Entertainment Tourism Destinations: The Supply Perspective

ABSTRACT Determining the critical success factors is common in tourism research because it can bring many benefits to the tourism industry. Related research is mainly concentrated in accommodation, events, ecotourism, catering, travel agencies, wine tourism, urban tourism, and business tourism. Entertainment tourism is becoming increasingly popular. However, research on the critical success factors of entertainment tourism destination has been overlooked. This study examined these factors from the supply-side perspective with the aim to discover the critical success factors of entertainment tourism in Macau using qualitative research method. The data is collected from managers in the entertainment tourism industry. Eight CSFs, with a total of 21 sub-factors from data collected from semi-structured interviews are observed. These CSFs are product, financial and economic support, service quality, planning and policy, facility and transportation, marketing, human resources and security. The result also indicates the strength of these identified factors in improving and sustaining the development of entertainment tourism. Furthermore, the implications of the success of such development are suggested.

Deregulation of Market Access and De-capacity of Supply Side：A Quasi-natural Experiment Based on the Negative List System Pilot

Most of the existing literature focuses on the measurement, causes and economic consequences of overcapacity, with little attention paid to how to cut capacity and its effects. Using the DID research method, this paper explores the impact of negative list for market access on overcapacity from the supply side of the real economy reform. The results show that: （1）Compared with companies which are not affected by the negative list system pilot, companies affected by the negative list system pilot have significantly lower excess capacity, and the conclusion is still robust after the balance trend test, PSM test, independent variable replacement test, falsification test etc.（2）Channel testing shows that the implementation of the negative list for market access mainly reduces the overcapacity of companies by optimizing the allocation of production factors and the business environment, streamlining administration, delegating power, and giving the market a bigger role play in allocating resources and promoting competition.（3）Further analysis shows that the effect of the negative list system on companies’ excess capacity is mainly reflected in low total factor productivity, high degree of excess capacity, pollution industry and large-scale groups.This paper may have the following contributions: （1）It enriches the empirical research in the field of capacity. The existing literature pays more attention to the measurement of overcapacity from the demand side（Han, et al., 2011; Zhang and Jiang, 2017; Yu, et al., 2018）, and causes and economic consequences（Lin, et al., 2010; Jiang, et al., 2012; Yu and Lu, 2015）. There is still a lack of literature on how to eliminate capacity and whether the relevant policies achieve the effect of eliminating capacity from supply-side reform. From the perspective of the supply-side reform of the real economy, this paper for the first time discusses the impact of market access deregulation on excess capacity.（2）As for the measurement of excess capacity, the existing literature commonly uses the peak method, production function method, cost function method and data envelopment analysis method to measure the capacity utilization rate（Klein and Summers, 1966; Garofalo and Malhotra, 1997; Shen, 1999; Sun, et al., 2009）. However, some variables and data are difficult to obtain for listed companies using those methods. This paper uses the stochastic frontier model to estimate the stock level of excess capacity（Aretz and Pope, 2018）, which can solve the above problems better.（3）To the current knowledge of us, this paper fills the gap in the research field of the negative list system and excess capacity of listed companies, which enriches the relevant literature on the implementation effect of the market negative list system from the perspective of supply side.

Managing Travellers’ Predicted Future Travel Behaviour in a post-COVID-19 World: A Tourism Supplier Perspective

This research aims to assess the influence of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry from a supply-side perspective. More specifically, this research identifies the influential determinants to help manage tourists (main target markets') predicted behaviour and changes in travel patterns due to COVID-19. The exploratory research made use of an online questionnaire. The questionnaire's link was posted on a social media page in 2020, and a convenience snowball sampling method was used to gain access to travel and tourism suppliers. 111 responses were obtained. The multivariate analysis involved exploratory factor analyses (EFA) in identifying the dependent (tourists future travel behaviour) and the independent variables [suppliers’ initiatives to connect with their target market(s) during the pandemic, the predicted management and marketing strategies the travel and tourism industry will adopt after COVID-19 and perceptions regarding the future of the travel and tourism industry (in a post-COVID world)] that were included in regression analyses. A set of linear regression analyses was performed to show whether there is a significant relationship between the factors that may provide additional guidelines for managing travellers’ predicted travel behaviour due to COVID-19. This research provides valuable insights into the strategies the various sectors within the tourism industry implement and plan to adopt to regenerate their tourism operations post COVID-19. Moreover, since this research is primarily focused on the supply-side (tourism suppliers), the sectoral feedback is valuable in streamlining national tourism industry guidelines post-COVID-19.

When the supply side of a management accounting innovation fails – the case of beyond budgeting in Sweden

Using the management fashion perspective as a theoretical lens, we explicate the limited success of the beyond budgeting (BB) concept in Sweden from a supply-side perspective. The fashion perspective assumes that management concepts do not emerge or diffuse by popular demand, instead viewing the activities of supply-side actors, such as management consultants, professional associations, and academics, as crucial to the success of management concepts in a marketplace of potential users. We conceptualize a management fashion-setting process that enabled us to explore how and why actors have selected or rejected BB, how and why BB has been processed, the channels through which BB has been disseminated, and how and why supply-side actors interact (or do not interact) with other supply-side actors and other parties in these activities. Our findings suggest that a weakly mobilized supply side has produced heavily reduced, heterogeneous packages of rhetoric and design characteristics regarding the BB concept that have reached only a small portion of the target audience of potential adopters. Our study illustrates how barriers to diffusion are created on the supply side in the absence of the localization of BB.

An adaptive social-ecological system management matrix for guiding ecosystem service improvements

Social-ecological system (SES) management requires targets to move in a desirable direction. However, setting targets at the outset of a management program is challenging. People representing the demand side are not always aware of the benefits of nature that are desirable. Simultaneously, managers–who represent the supply side–have limited scientific information. Therefore, we propose an adaptive SES management matrix (ASESMM) using soft targets that are temporary and hypothetical because such targets cannot be fixed at the outset. By compiling both demand- and supply-side perspectives, the ASESMM helps managers choose feasible and desirable management practices. Ecosystem services’ (ESs) classifications were adopted to capture the benefits and used as soft targets that can change over time. This ASESMM was developed by applying it to a Japanese coastal zone in consultation with the relevant stakeholders to maintain its practical value. A narrative analysis substantiated the lack of peoples’ recognition of nature’s benefits and the influence of ES information on that recognition. It also substantiated the comprehensiveness of the ESs’ classifications. Moreover, the application revealed its usefulness for realizing satoumi, a Japanese concept of social-ecological production seascapes, as it might help managers enhance synergies as well as minimize the trade-offs associated with prioritized ESs. Although it was applied to a seascape in this study, the ASESMM can be applied to any SES management site in general, including landscapes.

Dimensions of Football Stadium and Museum Tour Experiences: The Case of Europe’s Most Valuable Brands

In the context of football’s globalisation, some of the most important football clubs (FCs) can currently be classified as ‘entertainment multinationals’. Sport hospitality provides opportunities to maximise club stadiums’ use so that they can increase clubs’ annual turnover and function as branding platforms. This study sought to identify the main narratives shared online about—and the dimensions of—visitors’ experiences with top football brands in stadium tours. The data collected for this research comprised 400 text reviews for 10 European FCs’ stadiums (i.e., 4000 reviews) written by visitors in the post-experience phase. Content analysis of these Web reviews was conducted using Leximancer software. The results confirm the existence of 15 themes: fan, tour, stadium, team, museum, room, staff, game, (best) place, ticket, seating, recommend(ation), food, shop and attraction. Most researchers have examined stadium tours from a supply-side perspective. The present study’s aim was, therefore, to contribute to the existing literature by analysing stadium tours’ dimensions from the visitors’ point of view. Stadium tours and museum visits are important sources of revenue that contribute to FCs’ economic sustainability. Offering outstanding customer experiences is thus of utmost importance to maximise club stadiums’ usage and strengthen fans’ engagement.

Local Food in Tourism Destination Development: The Supply-Side Perspectives

ABSTRACT Although the importance of the role of local food in destination marketing and development has begun to form an academic debate in the last decade, little effort has been invested to empirically underpin the concept of local food. Thus, in addressing the research gap, this study explores the perceptions and views on local food among supply-side representatives in Yorkshire, England. The findings suggest multiple understandings and discursive constructions of what constitutes “local food” among supply-side representatives. These are broadly presented as three dimensions: geographic; cultural; and socio-economic. Practical implications are offered to producers, service providers, and management, and future research avenues are suggested.

Mărginimea Sibiului Tells Its Story: Sustainability, Cultural Heritage and Rural Tourism—A Supply-Side Perspective

Territorial development and rural tourism are linked. Rural tourism involves tourists in rural areas who are attracted by the distinctive character of the landscape, recreation such as local and food resources, and the potential for spiritual, environmental, and cultural growth. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the economic, sustainable, and social role of tourism in the development of the rural area of Mărginimea Sibiului in Romania. It highlights the role of local entrepreneurs in developing new practices and sustainable approaches. Drawing on the literature review on the topic of sustainable rural tourism, this paper uses the case study as a methodological approach. We have developed consistent desk research relying on the processing of official governmental data and of national statistics, supported by analytical strategies involving induction and deduction. The main findings lead towards the conclusion that Mărginimea Sibiului has managed to gain both national and international notoriety while developing coherently, capitalizing on its natural and cultural heritage, and providing services in successful agritourist boarding houses and rural guesthouses, which have continuously developed both numerically and in terms of comfort levels. Because more than two thirds of the initially established lodgings in the early 2000s continue to function today, these facilities have proven to be sustainable and attractive businesses.

Between online and offline markets: A structural estimation of consumer demand

While the literature on comparing the online and offline markets from the supply-side perspective is extensive, fewer researches have focused on the demand-side. Using a large-scale point-of-sales (POS) dataset on consumer packaged goods, we estimate a structural demand model and conducted counterfactuals of the price change or product stockouts. Our key findings are: 1) the own-price elasticity of demand is higher offline (i.e., –1.74 on average) than online (i.e., –0.87 on average). 2) The cross-price elasticity is also higher offline (i.e., 0.17 on average) than online (i.e., 0.04 on average). 3) When a product is out-of-stock, a larger portion of the loss of the market share is recovered more in the common products in the offline markets than that in the online markets. Specifically, 6.55 % of the loss of the market share goes to common products offline on average, while 6.05 % of the loss of the market share goes to the common product online on average. Our further analyses show that, when considering substitute products, the impact of price increases is surprising. The retailer may not be worse off by increasing prices because the gains in the revenue from the substitute products can make up more than the losses. The manufacturers may lose revenue by increasing prices or product stockouts. However, consumers are hurt more in the offline markets following the price increases of the common products because the offline market is more concentrated on the common products.

Research on the Balance of University Education Reform from the Perspective of Supply-side Reform

In order to maximize the benefits of the national economy's macro-distribution and redistribution of educational resources, it is necessary to solve the problem of the optimal and reasonable allocation in the education system. Whether it takes the form of urban and rural education regional community, compulsory education school district system, teacher community, and so on, it must be based on the distribution of high-quality resources. Educational resources are limited, and new resources cannot be wasted due to reintegration. Therefore, the government must implement macro-control, seriously conduct investigations and feasibility studies, and adopt relatively reasonable allocations to achieve a relatively balanced target for limited educational resources. The balance of educational resources is not only the core of China's higher education development, but also the key to the good development of each university in China. This article analyzes and studies the balance of higher educational resources in China from the perspective of supply side, from the extension of supply side reform in higher education, the analysis of the balance of higher educational resources, and the optimization of balance of higher education resources. Making in-depth research, this paper points out the problems in the balance reform of higher education resources in China from the supply side, and reasonably put forward the relevant approaches of equity in Education.

Is There a Preference in the OECD Countries to Shift Towards Clean Energy Consumption?

From a demand-side perspective, this paper empirically investigates whether there is a shift in preference to clean energy consumption from dirty energy consumption for a panel of OECD countries. We focus on the possibility of non-symmetric preference shift by consumers to rising and falling energy prices, respectively, and to positive income growth and negative income growth, respectively. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model which encapsulates both long-run equilibrium among energy demands, energy prices and income, and short-run dynamics, we find that income changes play a key role in shifting preference from dirty energy consumption to clean energy consumption. Taking into account the own-price effect and income effect on clean energy consumption, there is evidence complementing the findings of long-run green growth as documented by Papageorgiou et al. (2017) from the supply-side perspective. In addition, we find that clean energy demand reacts more to falling income than rising income in the short and long run, and to some extent this energy demand responds asymmetrically to its own rising and falling prices.

Omnichannel retail move in a dual-channel supply chain

A growing number of retailers are now moving to omnichannel sales and adopting new technologies to integrate the store and the web to offer customers a seamless shopping experience. We develop a stylized model where a manufacturer distributes products through two separate retailers in two market segments, e.g., online vs. offline. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of competing retailers’ omnichannel moves on supply chain performance. Our model combines pricing interactions and channel move strategies from a supply-side perspective. We obtain three main results. First, though it is suitable for the traditional brick-and-mortar retailer to adopt an omnichannel strategy, it may not be always good for the e-tailer. Second, omnichannel retail does not always lead to lower retail prices and enhanced consumer welfare. It may result in a lower price for the offline segment, but for the online segment, a higher price will be charged. Finally, omnichannel retail may not be good for the manufacturer. An equilibrium {Omnichannel, Digital channel only} strategy outcome of the retailers’ channel move game results in a higher demand and more profits for the manufacturer. However, the manufacturer is indeed hurt by the {Omnichannel, Omnichannel} equilibrium. Our study provides useful managerial insights into retailers’ omnichannel moves in a supply chain.

Three decades of research on the demand and supply side perspectives of digital technologies in banking: a review and research agenda

Three decades of research on the demand and supply side perspectives of digital technologies in banking: a review and research agenda

Three decades of research on the demand and supply side perspectives of digital technologies in banking: a review and research agenda

Three decades of research on the demand and supply side perspectives of digital technologies in banking: a review and research agenda

Market Efficiency under the Arrangement of Transaction Rules of the RCCL Market from the Supply-Side Perspective

This paper analyzes market efficiency under the formal transaction rules of the rural collective construction land (RCCL) market in Nanhai District. These transaction rules are not perfect, market uncertainty is strong, and transaction costs remain high. Transaction rules are an important means by which the government can intervene in the market, protect farmers’ land-use and income rights, and make the market more open, equitable, and just. Using a field survey (260 questionnaires) in Nanhai District, Guangdong Province, China, we estimated the impact of the openness, equity, and justice of transaction rules on the transaction costs of the RCCL market. Tobit models were constructed, and the results showed the following: (1) The overall level of market efficiency of the RCCL in Nanhai District is low. In different regions, the highest market efficiency is in Guicheng Street and the lowest is in Xiqiao Town. However, after excluding the influence of environmental and random factors, the overall level of market efficiency decreased, while the market efficiency of Lishui and Xiqiao Town increased. (2) The influencing factors of RCCL market efficiency under the arrangement of transaction rules are mainly related to the disclosure of information in the openness dimension, income distribution and supervision in the fairness dimension, and land-price formation in the fairness dimension. Therefore, we suggest that the lower the transaction cost of an RCCL market, the more active the market will be. It is very important to improve the transaction rules of the RCCL market, reduce the transaction cost, and improve the market efficiency. The transaction rules of the RCCL market should be further improved in the three dimensions of openness, equity, and justice. Our work provides insight into the improvement of market efficiency, which contributes to the development of the RCCL markets in other areas of China and worldwide.

Hotel managers’ perceptions towards the use of robots: a mixed-methods approach

Adopting a supply-side perspective, the paper analyses Bulgarian hotel managers’ perceptions of service robots using a convergent mixed methods design. Structured quantitative data were collected from 79 managers using a questionnaire, while interviews were used for the collection of qualitative data from 20 managers. The findings indicate respondents feel that repetitive, dirty, dull, and dangerous tasks in hotels would be more appropriate for robots, while hotel managers would rather use employees for tasks that require social skills and emotional intelligence. The individual characteristics of respondents and the organisational characteristics of the hotels they currently worked in played little role in their perceptions of service robots. The managers considered that robots would decrease the quality of the service and were generally not ready to use robots. Additionally, the interviewees indicated that skilled and well-trained employees were more valuable and more adequate than robots for the hospitality and tourism industry. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided as well.

A Complementary Approach to Traditional Energy Balances for Assessing Energy Efficiency Measures in Final Uses: The Case of Space Heating and Cooling in Argentina

Energy balances have been historically conceived based on a supply-side perspective, providing neither detailed information about energy conversion into useful services nor the effects that may be induced by the application of policies in other sectors to energy consumption. This article proposes an approach to a thorough assessment of the impact of efficiency policies on final energy uses, focusing on residential space heating and cooling, and capable of: (1) quantifying final useful services provided and (2) accounting for the global impact of efficiency policies on final energy use, taking advantage of Input–Output analysis. This approach is applied in five cities of Argentina. Firstly, the quantity of energy service provided (i.e., level of thermal comfort) for each city is evaluated and compared with the defined target. It is found out that heating comfort is guaranteed approximately as established, whereas in the cooling case the provision is twice the established level. Secondly, primary energy consumption of heating and cooling services is evaluated before and after different efficiency improvement policies. The results show that the major primary energy saving (52%) is obtained from the upgrading appliances scenario and reflect the importance of accounting for embodied energy in goods and services involved in interventions.

What Is Driving the Drug Overdose Epidemic in the United States?

The demand-side perspective argues that the drug overdose epidemic is a consequence of changes in the economy that leave behind working-class people who lack a college education. In contrast, the supply-side perspective maintains that the epidemic is primarily due to changes in the licit and illicit drug environment, whereas a third, distinct perspective argues that income inequality is likely a key driver of the epidemic. To evaluate these competing perspectives, we use a two-level random intercept model and U.S. state-level data from 2006 to 2017. Contrary to the demand-side approach, we find that educational attainment is not associated with drug-related mortality. In support of the supply-side approach, we provide evidence indicating that opioid prescription rates are positively associated with drug-related mortality. We also find that income inequality is a key driver of the epidemic, particularly the lack of resources going to the bottom 20% of earners. We conclude by arguing that considerations of income inequality are an important way to link the arguments made by the demand-side and the supply-side perspectives.

Biosecurity, crisis management, automation technologies and economic performance of travel, tourism and hospitality companies – A conceptual framework

The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 will have a significant influence on travel, tourism and hospitality (TTH) globally. With a massive reduction in tourism globally because of the health crisis, the industry will have to plan recovery and rebuilding of the industry with greater consideration of the biosecurity of customers. A critical element in the reorganisation of the industry will involve the increased incorporation of automation technologies. This article adopts a supply-side perspective and elaborates on the opportunities that automation technologies provide to TTH companies to mitigate the negative impacts of biosecurity threats on their economic performance. It discusses the costs and benefits of the incorporation of increased levels of automation, especially in regard to the benefits of the safety and health of the consumer. It elaborates on how the current pandemic would stimulate the adoption of automation technologies. Finally, the article discusses how this fit into the business models of tourism-related industries and outlines the micro- and macroeconomic implications of the greater incorporation of automation into the industry.

Exploring the Managerial Perspectives of Banking Industry Towards Consumer Empowerment: A Study in Banking Industry

This study aims to explore and extract the managerial perspective of banking industry towards consumer empowerment. This is an emerging and growing phenomenon that has multiple dimensions and implications for the stability of consumers, financial sector as well as economy. Moreover, it is also one of the latest objectives of State Bank of Pakistan. Thus, this study aims at fulfilling the gap of local context by catering the supply side perspective along with methodological gap as most of the researches conducted globally related to this topic are quantitative while this research will be qualitative in nature. It is a mono method study i.e. qualitative based on exploratory strategy which focuses on in-depth knowledge and understanding of the managerial insights about the concept of consumer empowerment in banking sector such as its importance, current scenario, benefits, impediments etc. The sampling method that has been used is non probability purposive sampling. Primary data has been collected through interview protocol which was adopted and modified. The validity of the interview protocol has been checked through face validity which includes approval by research and domain expert. The interviews were conducted till saturation point and after conducting the interviews, the data was analyzed through content analysis i.e. by coding sorting and sifting. The reliability of the research has been checked through member checking and triangulation. The findings of this study indicate the initiatives, status and prospects of consumer empowerment particularly through financial literacy and digitalization in the banking sector of Pakistan. Different dimensions of consumer empowerment have been discovered along with its benefits not only for the consumers but for banks as well. Moreover, this study also enlightens the techniques to gauge effectiveness of these initiatives, the challenges hindering the motives and implementation, the regulatory stance as well as the future prospects. This significance of this study lies in the fact that consumer empowerment is an emerging trend and need in our banking sector upon which the regulator is dynamically working and therefore seeking for the outlook of banks. Thus, the obtained information can be used by regulator to understand the perspective of banking sector towards consumer empowerment. Moreover, the findings can also be used by banks and other financial institutions as it would aid them in planning and execution of initiatives by indicating the avenues that can be tapped. DOI: 10.7176/RJFA/11-15-05 Publication date: August 31 st 2020