Supply Ratio Research Articles

TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF EXCESS WIND ENERGY UTILITZATION IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY OF RESIDENTIAL QUARTERS

In this study we have examined the potential of excess wind use in Germany. Excess wind constitutes roughly 40% of unused capacities of installed wind power in Germany. Using LP modelling and representative annual load profiles on an hourly resolution, we investigate the impact of the price level for wind peak power supply of residential quarters with heat, cold and electricity in Germany in combination with different power ratios of wind supply and demand. As we show, an application of wind peak tariff is technically and economically feasible and allows using green leftover energy without going in competition with e.g., green fuels or green H2 production.

Human Intervention for Protecting Urban Green Cover: Case of Nagpur, India

The important roles played by green spaces are social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects of sustainable development. Indian urban areas are developing at a very fast pace; simultaneously there is a rapid growth in population too, which impacts the ratio of demand and supply of basic services resulting to sustainability issues. This influences the interfaces between urbanization, population and the environment, as the surroundings are at the receiving end, leading to overexploitation of natural resources especially breathing spaces as parks, gardens and small forests on the name of infrastructural development. The situation augments due to absence of citizen participation in urban governance especially Urban Local Bodies (ULB). Though the 74th Constitution Amendment Act in India has given this opportunity to strengthen the links between the citizens and local democratic governance by way of public participation, the ground realities are different reducing the transparency of accountability of ULB. Based on this, the paper presents the case study of city of Nagpur, 2nd capital of state of Maharashtra, India, how environmental NGOs and citizens fought an eleven month struggle, venture to save a green patch of Nagpur, the Bharat Van from the clutches of local government bodies saving the ill effects on environment. This study is an attempt to highlight the necessity of an integrated approach regarding that the planning, monitoring, designing and maintaining of urban green spaces is required for improving the environmental sustainability in cities in different countries.

Does stock market performance have a long effect on economic growth: Evidence from MENA

Financial market has a close relationship with economic growth because increasing economic growth, representing the real gross domestic product (GDP), will enhance the efficiency and develop the stock market. On the other hand, the good performance of the stock market will affect economic growth positively. This paper aims to investigate the impact of stock market performance on the economic growth of a group of MENA countries during the time period 2000–2019. This study uses unbalanced panel data, unit root test, co-integration test, and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for data analysis (Kao, 1999; Pesaran, Shin, & Smith, 2001). The findings report that the stock market index, banking sector development, the ratio of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the GDP, and the consumer price index, as a proxy of inflation, have a significant positive long-run effect on the economic growth, while the ratio of broad money supply (M2) to the GDP has a significant negative long-run effect on the economic growth. The policymakers and government can based on the results of the study in developing and adopting policies to improve and enhance the efficiency of the stock market and attracting new investors inside and outside the country, which results in increasing the economic growth.

ЦИФРОВА ЕКОНОМІКА: МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ

The article is devoted to the definition of modern characteristics of the labor market of Ukraine, which have become widespread in the conditions of the development of digitalization of the economy. Approaches to defining the content of the “digital economy” category in scientific literature are analyzed. The author's interpretation of the digital economy is offered. It was concluded that transformational changes in the labor market are conditioned by the influence of the digital economy. The main global trends in the labor market, which were caused by the rapid development of the digital economy, are considered. The conditions for the formation of the digital economy in Ukraine have been studied. The main goals of the digital development of the state and the main tasks of the development of digital competences approved in regulatory documents were considered. The existing forecasts regarding the ratio of labor supply and demand in Ukraine have been studied and evaluated. It was concluded that it is impossible to make reliable forecasts regarding the indicators of the development of the Ukrainian labor market in the near future. It is substantiated that it is extremely important for Ukraine to take into account the two-vector impact of digitalization on the labor market (reduction in the need for labor due to the automation of production processes and the probability of creating new jobs as a result of digitalization). Also of great importance are the leading global macro trends in the economy in terms of employee empowerment. The achievements of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine regarding the improvement of digital literacy and the development of digital skills of citizens (in particular, those services related to the regulation of relations on the labor market) are emphasized. It was concluded that Ukraine should already today form a scientifically based plan for the development of the national labor market, taking into account the introduction of information and communication technologies. This plan will be of great importance during the recovery of the state's economy in the future. Keywords: digital economy, digitalization, digital technologies, modernization, labor market, employment.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ КОНЪЮНКТУРЫ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОГО РЫНКА РОССИИ

The article considers the current problems of development of the agri-food market in modern Russia. It reveals the factors that determine the change in the ratio of consumption, production and supply in this market during the crisis, downward phases of the thirty-year transformation cycle of the Russian agrarian economy, as well as during the upward recovery phases of this cycle. The reasons leading to a change in the ratio of food production to food imports – the main sources of food supply on the Russian market – are analysed. The changes in the price environment in the agri-food markets of Russia and the world as a result of changes in the balance between consumption and supply dynamics are shown. The study examines changes in the agricultural sector of the economy and the country’s agri-food market in the conditions of the pandemic and the intensification of geo-economic problems and challenges. It is conducted both on the scale of the entire agri-food market and the markets of the main foodstuffs. The first consequences of the sanctions war declared on Russia for the development of the food

Numerical Analysis of Two-Phase Flow in High-Speed Rotating Circular Tube

With the accelerating global adoption of electric vehicles, the automotive industry is about to reach a major turning point. In this context, we focused on centrifugal force and agitation for stable lubrication and delivery of oil inside the drive unit, which is indispensable to achieve the compact and high-speed motor technology that is so important. We quantitatively measured the ratio of the oil supply to the oil discharge by placing three discharge holes at each point of the circular tube. Based on the experiments, Ansys Fluent was used to reproduce the gas-liquid two-phase flow using the VOF method, and the rotational expression was analyzed numerically on a periodic boundary using MRF with fixed mesh and considering centrifugal and Coriolis forces. The percentage of discharge flow rate at each hole was evaluated for every 1000 [rpm] of rotation at different temperatures and different number of discharge holes. As a result, the results could not be perfectly reproduced because it was not clear whether the oil temperature in the high-temperature range was strictly controlled under the experimental environment, but the trend could be captured as the discharge from the first discharge hole became dominant at high rpm for both the 2-hole and 4-hole models. The trend could be captured.

Material Ordering and Transferring Plan Development Based on 0-1 Planning Model

How to develop material ordering and transferring plans in advance to ensure smooth production of the enterprise is a major problem faced by the actual production process. In this paper, we make reasonable assumptions by combining the ordering supply and transshipment data of previous years and establish a supply-transshipment model based on 0-1 planning. Firstly, we selected the Supply and demand ratio, large order ratio, Supply error rate, and Supply rate as the evaluation indexes, and then established the evaluation model to select the top 50 from 402 suppliers. To make the ordering and transferring plans in the next 24 weeks, we firstly analyzed the objectives and constraints. A multi-objective planning model is established and it is transformed into a single-objective 0-1 planning model.

Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Supply Levels and Ratios Drive a Shift in Wetland Soil Bacterial Diversity and Ecosystem Multifunctionality Relationships

Long-Term Nitrogen and Phosphorus Supply Levels and Ratios Drive a Shift in Wetland Soil Bacterial Diversity and Ecosystem Multifunctionality Relationships

Investigating and estimating the size of Shadow Economy by using monetary approach: Case study of Malaysia

The purpose of this study is to explore and estimate the size of Shadow Economy of Malaysia. This study used annual Time series data from 1980 to 2018, introduced Lending Interest Rate as additional variable for the first time to estimate the Shadow or dim Economy, and focused on the Currency Demand Approach (CDA) which is the best way of estimation the size of S.E. The results of ARDL, Unit Root Test (ADF) and Bound Test have also generated for the purpose. And this study investigated positive relationship between Currency Circulation to Money Supply Ratio and GDP, Inflation, Interest rate, and Total Tax Revenue through ARDL and estimated the required Shadow Economy, and also explored the Shadow Economy of Malaysia and estimated the size of S.E. Size of tax evasion community has also derived by present research which represent that taxes are not the only measures of Shadow Economy.

Sports intensity and energy consumption based on fractional linear regression equation

Abstract Objective The objective is to analyse and explore the characteristics of physical exercise intensity, energy expenditure and substrate metabolism using Baduanjin and the ninth broadcast gymnastics as examples. Methods The indirect calorimetry of German CORTEX Metamax 3B portable gas met bolometer was used to determine the resting energy consumption of different age and sex of healthy people and related indexes such as the energy consumption and fat metabolism ratio in the ninth set of radio gymnastic exercises. Results The metabolic equivalents of Baduanjin and radio gymnastics were 2.68 and 5.07, and the average heart rate was 76.14 l/min and 97.3 l/min, which were higher than those at rest (P <0.01). In radio gymnastics, the energy consumption level of men is higher than that of women (P <0.05), but the proportion of fat metabolism of women is higher than that of men (P <0.05). For 20–39 years old, when they are quiet, do Baduanjinhe and do radio gymnastics, the energy consumption of the subjects was 1828.7 kcal/d, 4008.8 kcal/d and 6355.6 kcal/d, respectively and for the ages of 40–59, they were 1822.6 kcal/d, 4047.4 kcal/d, and 8204.13 kcal/d, respectively. The ratios are significantly different; the energy consumption and fat energy supply ratio of the exercise group in the radio gymnastics group are significantly higher than those in the Baduanjin group, and the exercise group is significantly higher than that in the quiet group (P <0.05); The heart rate and weight were calculated and the energy consumption equations of Ba Duan Jin and radio gymnastics were established. The equations have statistical significance. Conclusion Ba Duan Jin is a low-intensity exercise while radio gymnastics is a medium-intensity exercise; Comparing energy consumption and fat of Ba Duan Jin and the ninth set of radio gymnastics, the energy ratio of the energy consumption of the ninth set of broadcast gymnastics body was significantly higher than Baduanjin movement; linear regression equation can provide a scientific basis for daily exercise and sports training, thus can promote the national fitness plan.

Coastal development in southwestern Bangladesh: understanding the interplay between storms and sea level rise

Sea-level rise and sediment supply have influenced coastal morphology and sedimentation on Bangladesh’s southwestern Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna (GBM) delta coast. Satellite images and geological core from the Haringhata coastal region were analyzed to explain the morphological changes and to understand the influences on deposits. The results derived from satellite images indicate that the southern coastline experienced a retreat that ranges between 2.3 and 2.9 km. In contrast, the eastern and western coastline advanced. The erosion and accretion ratio was 0.29 from 1977 to 1989, while the ratio was higher 2.90–4.77 from 1989 to 2020. Two sedimentary facies were identified using 130 cm thick successions. A parallel to wavy laminated bluish gray mud facies of deeper part was deposited in a marine-influenced environment. A planar to hummocky cross stratified, gray to grayish white silty sand facies of storm overwash deposits overlies the mud facies with sharp contacts. Unimodal to bimodal grain distributions of sandy sediments suggest two sources: sand derived from the beach and mud carried by adjacent tidal rivers and resuspended offshore sediment. Coastline dynamics and sedimentation of the area were influenced by inequality of accommodation and sediment supply ratio in the river mouth. This occurs due to sea-level rise and deficit in upstream water and sediment discharge. Morphological change along the southwestern GBM delta coast was not only caused by wave energy, but also by rising sea levels which shifted sediment accommodation space landward.

Impact of Monetary Policy on Economic Growth in Pakistan Economy

Monetary policy aims to contribute to economic growth and stability in the economy. This policy also makes a balanced demand and supply by maintaining the domestic prices and exchange rate to decrease inflation, shapes the pattern of investment and production, and increases the financial institutions to manage the debt services very efficiently. The study analyzes how monetary policy affects inflation in a country. The Data sources are WDI and the State Bank of Pakistan from 1981 to 2014. The current study used Inflation rate as a dependent variable while independent variables of liquidity ratio, broad money supply and reserve ratio were used as independent variables. The study used ADF test to check the stationary of the variables used in the model. Data analysis was done by using the ARDL model. The findings highlight that monetary policy indicated by money supply shows a positive effect on the rate of inflation. Result also shows that the reserve ratio increases inflation in the economy. The study results suggest that monetary policy must provide a favorable atmosphere for investment by providing reasonable interest rates and liquidity management mechanisms.

Influence of nitrogen to phosphorus supply ratio on growth, yield and biochemical parameters of kalonji (Nigella sativa L.)

Kalonji (Nigella sativa L.) is an important medicinal plant, cultivated as a rabi crop in Pakistan. A hydroponic sand culture experiment was conducted to know the effect of N:P supply ratio at two N and P supply levels on kalonji. N:P ratios maintained in nutrient solution ranged from 2 to 18 at two levels of N and P designated as high and low. The plants produced more biomass and seeds with higher antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids at high N and P supply levels. Biological weight, seed weight, antioxidant activity and total phenolics were not affected by N:P supply ratio. However, high N:P supply ratios i.e. 15 and 18 reduced total flavonoids in kalonji seeds. N uptake by the plant was not influenced by N:P supply ratio however, P uptake was found maximum at ratios 6 to 9. It is concluded from the results that kalonji plants with better quality seeds can be more successfully grown if N:P supply ratio is maintained at or near 7 in the growth medium

Assessing the Roadblocks to Organ Donation

There has been a significant propulsion in the growth rate of organ failure across the globe in the recent times and major contributor for the same is rising graph of non-communicable diseases, especially diabetes and hypertension in developing countries like India. For patients with end- stage organ disease, organ transplantation is the most desired therapeutic option but according to the current estimates, there is a substantial discrepancy between the organ supply and demand ratio as organ transplantation serves only to less than 10% of the global need of organ donations. These figures thereby necessitates the action towards the promotion of organ donation at various levels. Despite massive advancements in the intricate procedure that occurs between organ donor identification and transplantation and overcoming challenges such as a lack of knowledge, financial restraints, and insufficient transplant facilities, there is still a perennial inability to meet the needs of donors across the country. Varying beliefs and cultures reflect different regulations and donation practices among different groups, posing a challenge to the standardized processes. The purpose of this article is to set out the close link between shortage of organ supply, its relation to the various factors contributing to it along with the certain suggestions in which we can counter these challenges. This article also provides a brief overview of the origin and evolution of India's Transplantation of Human Organ Act, in the hope that our experience in drafting legislation governing organ transplantation may be useful to ones who are considering or overseeing this life-saving procedure.

Маркетинговий аналіз попиту та пропозиції на ринку праці України

The labor market is a complex socio-economic phenomenon that requires constant monitoring and regulation. There are a significant number of definitions of this concept, which are significantly different and quite harmoniously complement each other. At the same time, scientists use complex, systemic and dialectical approaches. Scientists consider typical models of the labor market: American, Japanese, Swedish and Chinese, which differ in a number of key features and principles of operation. The labor market in the process of formation and functioning performs a number of functions: social division of labor; informational; mediational; professional counseling; regulatory; pricing; proportionality of the distribution of labor in accordance with the structure of social needs and the development of scientific and technological progress; reserve. Herewith, as a separate element of a market economy, it interacts with markets: capital, raw materials, information, educational and scientific services, health care, cultural and spiritual services, household and social services, housing, innovation, etc. The demand and supply of labor, its cost and price are the main elements of the labor market. Labor exists in the labor market as a specific commodity, which is characterized by a number of features different from other products of a market economy. In the process of buying and selling labor, a number of relations arise between the subjects of the labor market, which constitute a certain system. The ratio of supply and demand of labor, in other words conjuncture of market, are formed under the influence of internal and external factors of the labor market, as well as the level of employment and unemployment. There are three types of conjuncture of labor market: equilibrium, redundant labor and insufficient labor. Labor market conditions are changing due to the natural and mechanical movement of labor and jobs. In Ukraine, the labor market situation is characterized by structural disparities between labor supply and demand, which have become a chronic problem of the national economy. PEST-analysis as a marketing tool should be used to determine the importance of the influence of various factors on the formation conjuncture of labor market. It includes political, legal, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors of the external environment. Market instruments and partly means of active and passive state policy of employment regulation should be used to regulate the labor market. The main regulators will be to remain: the country's legislation, economic laws, the trade union movement and the media, national traditions, mentality, climatic and historical conditions of the country.

Central X-Ray Point Sources Found to Be Abundant in Low-mass, Late-type Galaxies Predicted to Contain an Intermediate-mass Black Hole

Abstract Building upon three late-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster with both a predicted black hole mass of less than ∼105 M ⊙ and a centrally located X-ray point source, we reveal 11 more such galaxies, more than tripling the number of active intermediate-mass black hole candidates among this population. Moreover, this amounts to a ∼36 ± 8% X-ray detection rate (despite the sometimes high, X-ray-absorbing, H i column densities), compared to just 10 ± 5% for (the largely H i-free) dwarf early-type galaxies in the Virgo cluster. The expected contribution of X-ray binaries from the galaxies’ inner field stars is negligible. Moreover, given that both the spiral and dwarf galaxies contain nuclear star clusters, the above inequality appears to disfavor X-ray binaries in nuclear star clusters. The higher occupation, or rather detection, fraction among the spiral galaxies may instead reflect an enhanced cool gas/fuel supply and Eddington ratio. Indeed, four of the 11 new X-ray detections are associated with known LINERs or LINER/H ii composites. For all (four) of the new detections for which the X-ray flux was strong enough to establish the spectral energy distribution in the Chandra band, it is consistent with power-law spectra. Furthermore, the X-ray emission from the source with the highest flux (NGC 4197: L X ≈ 1040 erg s−1) suggests a non-stellar-mass black hole if the X-ray spectrum corresponds to the “low/hard state”. Follow-up observations to further probe the black hole masses, and prospects for spatially resolving the gravitational spheres of influence around intermediate-mass black holes, are reviewed in some detail.

EFFECTIVENESS OF ECONOMIC POLICIES IN COMBATING INFLATION IN NIGERIA

This study assessed the effectiveness of economic policies (monetary and fiscal policies) in fighting Nigeria's Inflation. Secondary data obtained over thirty-eight years (1981-2018) from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)'s statistical bulletins were used. The econometric test was carried out on the data, which included the ADF-Fisher unit root test and the Johansen co-integration test. A Vector Autoregressive model was used to specify the relationship between the independent variables (Interest rate, Money supply and Liquidity ratio) and the dependent variable (Inflation rate), through the least squares technique. The result revealed that money supply and lending rate have direct and significant influence on inflation (p-values<0.05). However, external debt and government expenditure do not significantly influence inflation. The study concluded that monetary policy is more effective than fiscal policy in combating inflation. Therefore, it was recommended that financial institutions in Nigeria should comply with specified prudential guidelines on monetary policy implementations. Furthermore, the Central Bank of Nigeria should be allowed to carry out her functions without pressure or hinderance from any arm of government.

System dynamic relationship between service water and food: Case study at Jinghe River Basin

Water resources and food are the most important and basic resources for human beings and society. In recent decades, due to the growth of global population and economy, water resources and food shortages have become a global resource problem. Under this background, the significance of exploring the relationship between water-food in ecosystem services becomes more and more prominent. In view of this, this study used the SWAT model and the spatialized food production model to quantitatively evaluate the supply, demand, and supply-demand ratio of water and food production in the Jinghe River Basin in 2020, and built a system dynamics model of the watershed ecosystem services to simulate the coupling of water and food. According to the socio-economic conditions, nine different population economic development scenarios were set up to simulate the development of the water-food relationship between the ecosystem services of the river basin in 2030. The results showed that ① the spatial differences in water supply-demand ratio and food self-sufficiency rate in Jinghe River Basin in 2020 were obvious, and the supply-demand ratio in the upper reaches of the basin was significantly higher than that in the lower reaches. ② Through model simulations of three water supply-demand ratios and three food self-sufficiency rates, it was found that the water supply-demand ratios and food self-sufficiency rates showed obvious synergistic relationships both in time and in spatial distribution. ③ Under nine economic and demographic development scenarios, the optimal simulation effect was achieved under scenario E1P3 for both water-food supply and demand in the Jinghe River Basin in 2030. That was, when the economy and population develop in opposite directions, the supply-demand ratio of the two achieved the best simulation effect. The results provided a scientific basis for the sustainable development of water-food relationship in Jinghe River Basin in the future.

Environmental stoichiometry mediates phytoplankton diversity effects on communities' resource use efficiency and biomass

Abstract Positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships are predicted to increase in strength when high environmental variability allows for complementarity between resource use strategies in diverse communities. This environmental variability can be represented by spatial or temporal variation in nutrient ratios, but resource use efficiency (RUE) and therefore biomass build‐up of primary producers might be restricted when nutrient ratios are highly imbalanced (i.e. limitation by one nutrient and beyond optimal ratios for growth). Although the linkages between ecosystem functioning, diversity and nutrient availability are theoretically well understood, we lack experimental evidence on how phytoplankton diversity affects resource use and biomass under variable nutrient ratios (N:P ratios). Combining a mesocosm and a microcosm experiment, we tested diversity effects on ecosystem functioning by exposing a species diversity gradient generated by the loss of rare species in a natural community to different N:P ratios (uniform vs. a gradient). The N:P supply ratio gradient also allowed us to evaluate responses across balanced and imbalanced ratios. We found that increased species diversity led to increased community RUE when supplied a gradient of N:P ratios; but restricted to the highest diversity level. However, diversity did not affect RUE under uniform nutrient ratios. The overall phytoplankton biomass and carbon:nutrient ratios responses to diversity reflected the patterns detected for RUE. Contrary to theoretical predictions, RUE was maintained under highest N:P supply ratios (extreme phosphorous limitation) suggesting that imbalanced N:P ratios do not necessarily decrease function. Thus, we showed that the nutrient context influences diversity effects on RUE and biomass. Synthesis. Overall, our results suggest that the effect of rare phytoplankton species losses on community RUE and biomass can be compensated by the persistent species when nutrient ratios are uniform, but leads to decreases in ecosystem functioning under variable nutrient ratios. This work provides a first attempt for testing interactions between the nutrient context (including concentrations and ratios) and the diversity of (natural) communities experimentally, which is conceptually understood but poorly tested for phytoplankton.

Transmural Distribution of Coronary Perfusion and Myocardial Work Density Due to Alterations in Ventricular Loading, Geometry and Contractility.

Myocardial supply changes to accommodate the variation of myocardial demand across the heart wall to maintain normal cardiac function. A computational framework that couples the systemic circulation of a left ventricular (LV) finite element model and coronary perfusion in a closed loop is developed to investigate the transmural distribution of the myocardial demand (work density) and supply (perfusion) ratio. Calibrated and validated against measurements of LV mechanics and coronary perfusion, the model is applied to investigate changes in the transmural distribution of passive coronary perfusion, myocardial work density, and their ratio in response to changes in LV contractility, preload, afterload, wall thickness, and cavity volume. The model predicts the following: (1) Total passive coronary flow varies from a minimum value at the endocardium to a maximum value at the epicardium transmurally that is consistent with the transmural distribution of IMP; (2) Total passive coronary flow at different transmural locations is increased with an increase in either contractility, afterload, or preload of the LV, whereas is reduced with an increase in wall thickness or cavity volume; (3) Myocardial work density at different transmural locations is increased transmurally with an increase in either contractility, afterload, preload or cavity volume of the LV, but is reduced with an increase in wall thickness; (4) Myocardial work density-perfusion mismatch ratio at different transmural locations is increased with an increase in contractility, preload, wall thickness or cavity volume of the LV, and the ratio is higher at the endocardium than the epicardium. These results suggest that an increase in either contractility, preload, wall thickness, or cavity volume of the LV can increase the vulnerability of the subendocardial region to ischemia.